route in red and the Trade Route from the Varangians to the Greeks in purple . Other trade routes of the eighth eleventh centuries shown in orange. The Varangians or Varyags lang non V ringjar lang ... to the Russians and Greeks as Varangians 22&btnG Search Books ref ref cite book title Culture ... Kiev an Primary Chronicle , a group of Varangians known as the Rus people Rus settled in Novgorod ... and mercenary activities, Varangians roamed the river systems and portages of Gardariki , as the areas ... Route from the Varangians to the Arabs , connecting Baltic Sea Baltic to the Caspian Sea , and the Dnieper trade route Route from the Varangians to the Greeks leading to the Black Sea and Constantinople ... by the riches of Constantinople, Rus Varangians initiated a number of Rus Byzantine Wars , some of which resulted in advantageous trade treaties. At least from the early 10th century many Varangians ... to Rus stopped, and Varangians were gradually assimilated by East Slavs by the late 11th century. Etymology ... 4 J. de Vries, Altnordisches etymologisches W rterbuch , 1962, pp. 671 2 S. Bl ndal & B. Benedikz, The Varangians ... Kievan Rus Main Rus Khaganate Kievan Rus Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks Volga trade route Image .jpg thumb right 200px The Invitation of the Varangians by Viktor Vasnetsov Rurik ... Rus people and in the formation of the Rus Khaganate . The Varangians Varyags , in Old East Slavic language ... argued that most of the Varangians who traveled and settled in the eastern Baltic, Russia ... route from the Varangians to the Greeks rapidly overtook it in popularity. Apart from Staraya ... to invite back Varangians to come and rule them and bring peace to the region. Led by Rurik and his brothers Truvor and Sineus , the invited Varangians called Rus people Rus settled around the town ... Oleg of Novgorod Oleg , the Rus Varangians expanded southwards by capturing Kiev from the Khazars ... of Constantinople and the Abbasid Caliphate Arab world , Rus Varangians initiated a number of Rus ... more details
the major Varangian trade routes the Volga trade route in red and the trade route from the Varangians ... from the Varangians to the Greeks was first mentioned in the Primary Chronicle , but its effects were ... in their regions, the Varangians . Though this has come to mean Vikings to many, the term for the Byzantines ... along the Dnieper to Kiev. There they were sold to the Varangians who re equipped them and loaded ... of Vrar Russian Krariyskaya crossing , where the Varangians were often attacked by the Pechenegs . The Varangians ... . The Trade Route from the Varangians to the Greeks was connected to other waterways of Eastern ... the Dnieper and the Usyazh Buk River towards Lukoml and Polotsk . The Trade Route from the Varangians ... from the Varangians to the Greeks gradually lost its significance. For a related military route, see ... information history clauses P.M.Zolin Trade route 2 Gardariki DEFAULTSORT Trade Route From The Varangians ... Category Rus Category Varangians Category Medieval economics be be x old ... more details
Russo Byzantine Treaties According to the Primary Chronicle , the first Rus Byzantine Treaty was concluded in 907 as a result of Oleg of Novgorod Oleg s raid against Constantinople see Rus Byzantine War 907 for details . Scholars generally consider this document as preliminary to the Rus Byzantine Treaty 911 Rus Byzantine Treaty of 911 . The text of the treaty, as preserved in the Kievan chronicle, opens with a list of signatories on the part of the Kievan Rus Rus . They are all Old Norse language Norse Karl, Farulf, Vermund, Hrollaf, and Steinvith. Kievan Rus figures in the text as a Gardariki conglomeration of major urban centres Kiev , Chernigov , Pereyaslav , Polotsk , Rostov , and Lyubech . Aleksey Shakhmatov commented that the list of the towns is arbitrary and that some of them may have been inserted by later scribes. Most conspicuously, the treaty regulates the status of the colony of Varangians Varangian merchants in Constantinople . The text testifies that they settled in the quarter of Saint Mamas . The Varangians were to enter Constantinople through a certain gate, without weapons, accompanied by the imperial guard, not more than fifty people at a time. Upon their arrival, they were enregistered by the imperial authorities in order to be supplied with food and monthly alimentation in the space of half a year. In the concluding lines of the treaty, the Byzantines kiss the cross, while the Varangians swear by their arms, invoking what the Primary Chronicle calls Perun and Veles god Veles the names are likely translations of the names of Norse gods in the language of the Primary chronicle . See also Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks References ru icon , . 1 2, . ., 1950. ru icon , . 1, . . . , ., 1952 . . ru icon Fyodor Uspensky . The History of the Byzantine Empire , vol. 2. Moscow Mysl, 1997. cite journal last Lind first John H title Varangians in Europe s Eastern and Northern Pe ... more details
Russo Byzantine Treaties The Rus Byzantine Treaty of 911 is the most comprehensive and detailed treaty concluded between the Byzantine Empire and Kievan Rus in the 10th century. It was preceded by the preliminary Rus Byzantine Treaty 907 treaty of 907 . The text of the document, incorporated into the Primary Chronicle , has many affinities in content and phrasing with the trade treaties later concluded by Byzantium with the merchant republics of Italy . It was composed in two languages and signed personally by Emperor Leo VI . The text also includes speeches of the parties on the occasion. No treaties of comparable complexity and antiquity are known among the other societies in Europe of that time. The treaty opens with a lengthy enumeration of the Rus envoys, whose names are exclusively Norse Karl, Ingjald, Farulf, Vermund, Hrollaf, Gunnar, Harold, Kami, Frithleif, Hroarr, Angantyr, Throand, Leithulf, Fast, and Steinvith. The articles 3 to 7 regulate criminal law and the life of their colony at Constantinople . There is also a proviso on inheritance of a merchant who died in the imperial capital. The article 8 is dedicated to maritime law . The following articles enlarge on ransom of captives, exchange of criminals, and the status of the Varangians Varangian mercenaries in Byzantine service. See also Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks References ru icon , . 1 2, . ., 1950. ru icon , . 1, . . . , ., 1952 . . ru icon Fyodor Uspensky . The History of the Byzantine Empire , vol. 2. Moscow Mysl, 1997. cite journal last Lind first John H title Varangians in Europe s Eastern and Northern Periphery journal Ennen & nyt issue 4 date 2004 url http www.ennenjanyt.net 4 04 lind.html accessdate 2009 03 13 Category 911 in law Category 911 in international relations Category Treaties of the Byzantine Empire Category Peace treaties of Russia Category 10th century treaties Category Treaties of Kievan Rus es ... more details
Orphan date July 2011 Dr. Sigf s Bl ndal 1874 1950 was a librarian at the Royal Danish Library Royal Library in Copenhagen , best known for Konunglega b kasafni Icelandic Danish dictionary , which he wrote with his wife, Bj rg orl ksd ttir Bl ndal, and a small team of scholars, whose names appear on the title page. The couple and the other scholars took nearly 20 years to compile the dictionary, which was first published in 1920 1924. Two new editions have since been published. A supplement was published in 1963 by the editors Halld r Halld rsson and Jakob Benediktsson. Bl ndalsb kin Bl ndals book or Or ab k Bl ndals Bl ndals Dictionary , as it is usually called by Icelanders, is an essential source of the Icelandic language. Dr. Bl ndal taught Modern Icelandic at the University of Copenhagen from 1931 to 1946. He translated many ancient Greek poems into Icelandic, as well as some of the work of the modern Greek poet Aristotelis Valaoritis . He did research on the Varangians of the Eastern Roman Empire for 25 years and completed shortly before his death an Icelandic text on the Varangians. ref cite book title The Varangians of Byzantium author Bl ndal, S. translated, revised and rewritten by Benedikz, Benedikt S. year 2007 pages ix xi publisher Cambridge U. Press url http books.google.com books?isbn 052103552X ref References reflist External links Wikisource author inline Sigfus Blondal http www.timarit.is titlebrowse.jsp?issueID 409804&pageSelected 9&lang 0 Dr. Sigf s Bl ndal sj tugur grein Morgunbla inu 1944 http www.timarit.is titlebrowse.jsp?issueID 411475&pageSelected 6&lang 0 Dr. Sigf s Bl ndal minningaror minngargrein Morgunbla inu 1950 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Blondal, Sigfus ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1874 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1950 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Blondal, Sigfus Category 1874 births Category 1950 deaths Category Librarians Category Icelandic people Iceland bio stub Euro academic bi ... more details
Varyag or Variag lang ru for Varangian may refer to People Varangians , ancestors of the Rus sometimes called Vikings in English publications Variags of Khand , a people of J. R. R. Tolkien s Middle earth legendarium Ships Soviet aircraft carrier Varyag , an Admiral Kuznetsov class carrier ship Russian corvette Varyag 1862 , a Bogatyr class screw corvette Russian cruiser Varyag Russian cruiser Varyag , any one of three different cruisers in the Russian and Soviet Navy disambig cs Varjag de Warjag es Varyag fr Varyag it Varyag ja pl Wariag ru sv Varjag tr Varyag zh ... more details
Gnyozdovo lang ru is a types of settlements in Russia village in Smolensk Oblast , Russia , located on the right bank of the Dnieper River twelve kilometers downstream from Smolensk , in the proximity of Katyn rural locality Katyn . The village is noted for its extensive remains of a Slavic Varangian settlement which flourished in the 10th century as a major trade station on the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks , see Gnezdovo for details. coord 54.7861111211 N 31.8388888989 E source ruwiki region RU type city 349 format dms display title Category Rural localities in Smolensk Oblast SmolenskOblast geo stub ru ... more details
Two ships in the Soviet Navy have been named Varyag after the Varangians Varangian people , the Viking ancestors of the Rus. Soviet Navy ship Soviet cruiser Varyag 1965 , a Kynda class cruiser Kynda class missile cruiser completed in 1965, and decommissioned in 1990. Chinese aircraft carrier ex Varyag Varyag , a never finished Admiral Kuznetsov class aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov class heavy aircraft carrying cruiser launched by the Soviet Navy in 1988, transferred incomplete to Ukraine in 1992, and sold to China in 1998. See also Russian cruiser Varyag Varyag Shipindex DEFAULTSORT Varyag, Soviet Cruiser Category Russian ship names ... more details
often shifted with fatal consequences, as well as the proven loyalty of the Varangians, many of whom ... moments of a battle. By the late 13th century Varangians were mostly ethnically assimilated ... there were still some people identifying themselves as Varangians in Constantinople . History Image ... century chronicle of John Skylitzes . As early as 911, Varangians are mentioned as fighting as mercenaries for the Byzantines. About 700 Varangians served along with Dalmatians as marines in Byzantine ... Constantine Porphyrogenitus in 949. A unit of 415 Varangians was involved in the Italian expedition ... of their leader, Phokas troops turned and fled. The brutality of the Varangians was noted when ... , the Greeks achieved a decisive victory. The Varangians also participated in the partial reconquest ... deserted and the Normans and Varangians followed them. Not long after, the catepan Michael Doukeianos had a force of Varangians stationed at Bari . On 16 March 1041 they were called up to fight the Normans ... Boioannes was sent to Italy with only a small contingent of Varangians to replace the disgraced ... was sent to Bari with a contingent of Varangians, but the Bariots refused to receive his troops and he ... . ref Buckler, p. 366 ref Those who did became so vital to the Varangians that the Guard was commonly called the Englinbarrangoi Anglo Varangians from that point. In this capacity they fought in Sicily ... of the Fourth Crusade. The Varangians relied on a long axe as their main weapon, although they were ... of Beroia in 1122. The Varangians hacked their way through the enemy s circle of Pecheneg wagons ... 1976, p. 16 Michael Psellus writes that all Varangians without exception used the weapon called rhomphaia ... century, and people identified as Varangians were to be found in Constantinople around 1400 .... ref Function File Waringiers Byzantium Vinkhuijzen.jpg thumb right 350px Varangians in Byzantium ... , and the Scandinavian and Anglo Saxon housecarl s . The Varangians served as the personal bodyguard ... more details
Yakun returned overseas and he died there. Mstislav observed the many dead Severians and Varangians ..., O. eds. Historiska Nyheter Olga & Ingegerd . Statens historiska museum 2004 2005. p. 44. Category Varangians ... more details
Dmitry Alexeyevich Machinsky lang ru , 1937 &ndash 8 January 2012 was a Russia n archaeologist. He lived in Saint Petersburg and worked in the Hermitage Museum . Machinsky is particularly well known for having excavated Lyubsha and other Varangians Viking settlements along the Volkhov River . Machinsky attributed these settlements to the Rus Khaganate , whose capital as he believed was Staraya Ladoga Ladoga . External links http archaeology.ru lib bibl bibl machinski.html Bibliography of Dmitry Machinsky http stratum.ant.md pav articles intro.htm Machinsky vs. Shchukin Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Machinsky, Dmitry ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 6 October 1937 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 8 January 2012 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Machinsky, Dmitry Category Russian archaeologists Category 1937 births Category 2012 deaths Russia scientist stub ru , ... more details
John Raphael or Rafayl was the catepan of Italy from September to December 1046. He replaced the catepan Eustathios Palatinos and arrived with an army of Varangian auxiliaries in Bari . Because the Varangians were not well received by the people of Bari, John spent his governorship at Otranto . His term saw the rise of Argyrus Catepan of Italy Argyrus as the Byzantine Empire s most successful general in Italy. Sources Gay, Jules. L Italie m ridionale et l empire Byzantin Livre II . Burt Franklin New York, 1904. br s start s bef before Eustathios Palatinos s ttl title Catepan of Italy years 1046 s aft after Argyrus of Bari Argyrus end Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Raphael, John ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Raphael, John Category 11th century deaths Category Byzantine generals Category Catepans of Italy Category 11th century Byzantine people Category 11th century Italian people Byzantine bio stub Euro mil bio stub ro Ioan Raphael ... more details
Pritsak 1981 371 ref The Novgorod First Chronicle only talks of the church of the Varangians ... to the Varangians were completely lost in a fire. ref name Pritsak371 The last mention is from 1311 ... Category Viking Age Category Varangians Category 11th century Eastern Orthodox church buildings ... more details
Two ships in the Russian Navy have been named Varyag after the Varangians Varangian people , the Viking ancestors of the Rus. ship Russian cruiser Varyag 1899 , a protected cruiser launched in 1899, commissioned into the Imperial Russian Navy in 1901, scuttled in 1904, repaired by the Japanese and relaunched as Ship Japanese cruiser Soya , returned to the Russians in 1916, seized by the British during overhaul in 1917, sold to Germany and run aground in 1920, and sank in 1925. She is most noted for her heroic attack during the Battle of Chemulpo Bay. ship Russian cruiser Varyag 1983 , a Slava class cruiser Slava class missile cruiser launched in 1983 as the Chervona Ukrayina , completed in 1989, renamed Varyag and operating in the Russian Pacific Ocean Fleet Russia Pacific Ocean Fleet since 1990. See also Soviet cruiser Varyag Varyag Shipindex DEFAULTSORT Varyag, Russian Cruiser Category Russian ship names ... more details
in earlier times. ref http books.google.com books?id vFRug14ui7gC&pg PA1&dq varangians finnic&hl no&ei ... as the land of the English and the French. ref name RPC The Varangians were first expelled, then invited ... The four tribes who had been forced to pay tribute to the Varangians Chud s, Slavs , Merians , and Krivichs drove the Varangians back beyond the sea, refused to pay them further tribute, and set out ... a prince who may rule over us, and judge us according to custom . Thus they went overseas to the Varangians, to the Rus. These particular Varangians were known as Rus, just as some are called Swedes ... Era Korsun , by Nicholas Roerich . When the Varangians first appeared in Constantinople Paphlagonian ...?id vFRug14ui7gC&printsec frontcover&dq The Varangians of Byzantium&hl no&ei AZGToiKMM7LsgbLw6TFBw ... See Norsemen Vikings Varangians File Early Rus.png thumb right 300px Map showing Varangian settlement ... . The Varangians Varyags , in Old East Slavic language Old East Slavic are first mentioned by the Primary ... date. Due largely to geographic considerations, it is often argued that most of the Varangians ... University Press, 2005 ISBN 0 521 82992 5. p. 13 14. ref The Varangians left a number of varangian ... Pogodin 1800 75 gave credit to the claims of the Primary Chronicle that the Varangians were invited ... .jpg thumb right 300px The Invitation of the Varangians by Viktor Vasnetsov Rurik and his brothers ... level of the Varangians could not have warranted an invitation from the culturally advanced ... Varangians Normans Franks Lombards Burgundians Vandals Goths Germanic peoples Notes reflist colwidth ... Varangians Category Ancient Germanic peoples Category Germanic peoples Category North Germanic peoples ... more details
a ruler Kiev called Dir by the Slavs and the Varangians called him something like skyldr Dyri stranger Dir . The Russian Varangians later forgot the meaning of skyldr so Nestor wrote about ... historians interpreted the 882 coup d tat in Kiev as the reaction of the pagan Varangians to Askold ... more details
Eymundar ttr hrings is a short Norse saga , which is preserved in two versions. One of them appears as Eymundar ttr hrings in the Flatey Book and the other one is an introductory chapter in Yngvars saga v f rla . They deal with the adventures of Varangians in the service of Yaroslav I the Wise . The main difference between the two versions is that in Eymundar ttr hrings , the hero is a Norwegian, whereas Yngvars saga v f rla describes him as a Swede. See also Boris and Gleb References http www.snerpa.is net forn yngvar.htm Yngvars saga v f rla in Old Norse http www.northvegr.org lore oldheathen 051.php A translation by Tunstall of Yngvars saga v f rla 1 http www.northvegr.org sagas 20annd 20epics legendary 20heroic 20and 20imaginative 20sagas old 20heithinn 20tales 20from 20the 20north 051.html A translation by Tunstall of Yngvars saga v f rla 2 http norse.ulver.com src konung eymund ru2.html A russian translation by ssip Yuli n Iv novich Syenk vskiy Larsson, Mats G. 2005 . Minnet av vikingatiden de isl ndska kungasagorna och deras v rld. ISBN 9173530654 Pritsak, Omeljan. 1981 . The origin of Rus . Cambridge, Mass. Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute. ISBN 0 674 64465 4 Norway hist stub Category ttir Category Sources of Norse mythology lv Eimunda s ga ru ... more details
Arduin was a Greek language Greek speaking Lombards Lombard nobleman who fought originally for the Byzantine Empire Byzantines on Sicily and later against them as the leader of a band of Normans Norman mercenaries. He was the leader of the troops committed by Guaimar IV of Salerno to George Maniakes Sicilian expedition in 1038 . According to Amatus of Montecassino , he refused to surrender a captured horse to the Byzantine general and Maniakes consequently had him stripped and beaten. Whatever happened, Arduin and his Salernitan contingent along with the Normans also sent by Guaimar and the Varangians sent by Emperor Constantine IX abandoned Sicily and returned to the mainland. On the peninsula, the Byzantine catepan of Italy , Michael Doukeianos , appointed him topoterites of Melfi . He soon revolted against Greek authority in Apulia and he and his Normans joined the rebellion in progress of Argyrus Catepan of Italy Argyrus . First, the nominal leader of the insurrection, Atenulf, Prince of Benevento , defected to the Greeks and then Argyrus, his successor. The Normans, bypassing Arduin who may also have been bought off by the Greeks , chose their own successor to Argyrus, William Iron Arm , and Arduin faded completely out of view. Sources John Julius Norwich Norwich, John Julius . The Normans in the South 1016 1130 . London Longman, 1967. DEFAULTSORT Arduin The Lombard Category 11th century Byzantine people Category 11th century Italian people Category Byzantine generals Category Byzantine rebels Category Lombards it Arduino di Melfi ro Arduin Longobardul ... more details
about the Byzantine title and office the religious office Acolyte Akolouthos lang el lang grc , follower, attendant , anglicized as Acolyte , was a Byzantine office with varying functions over time. Originally a subaltern officer of the imperial tagma military tagma of the Vigla tagma Vigla , it was associated with the command over the famed Varangian Guard in the 11th 12th centuries. The title is first attested in the 9th century, where the Kletorologion lists him as one of the senior officers of the Vigla tagma military guard regiment under the droungarios . From the early 11th century however, the droungarios of the Vigla droungarios of the Vigla was entrusted with judicial and police duties in the capital, Constantinople , and the post of akolouthos became independent, its holders being entrusted with command of foreign mercenary contingents. In this time the post became especially associated with the Varangian Guard , whose command the akolouthos had. In the 12th century however, the akolouthoi are mentioned chiefly in connection with diplomatic missions. The megas akolouthos grand akolouthos is still named as the chief of the Varangians in the mid 14th century Book of Offices of pseudo Kodinos , but the entry may well be anachronistic, as the last attested holder of the post is a certain John Nomikopoulos in 1199. Sources citation editor first Alexander editor last Kazhdan editor link Alexander Kazhdan title Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium publisher Oxford University Press year 1991 isbn 978 0 19 504652 6 page 47 Byzantine stub Category Byzantine army Category Byzantine military offices Category Greek words and phrases ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Subdivisions of Helsinki subdivision name Tammisalo subdivision name swe Tammelund map Helsinki districts Tammisalo.png subdivision number 44 district Southeastern area 0.73 population 2,183 2005 density 2,990 postcode 00830 regions none neighbours Herttoniemi br Laajasalo br Marjaniemi br Roihuvuori br Vartiosaari Tammisalo Lang sv Tammelund is a wealthy neighbourhood number 44 and an island in eastern part of Helsinki , Finland . The population of Tammisalo is approximately 2,200 and its area is 0.73 km . The nearest districts are Herttoniemi , Roihuvuori and Laajasalo . In the viking era the coastal Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks waterway from Sweden to Arab world went between Tammisalo and the continent along Porolahti bay. Image M ntypaadentie, Tammisalo.jpg left thumb 200px M ntypaadentie road. Image Tiiliruukinlahti.JPG left thumb 200px Tiiliruukinlahti near Tammisalo. Coord 60 11 28 N 25 03 50 E region FI type isle display title Commons Helsinki Category Neighbourhoods of Helsinki Category Finnish islands in the Baltic SouthernFinland geo stub et Tammisalo fr Tammisalo fi Tammisalo sv Tammelund ... more details
Konstantin Dobrynich died 1022 was an 11th century posadnik of Novgorod . According to the Novgorod chronicles, he was the son of Dobrynya and wielded great influence at the court of his own cousin, Yaroslav the Wise . The time at which he became posadnik is uncertain, as are the circumstances. In 1018, he is said to have destroyed the boats which Yaroslav intended to use for fleeing to Scandinavia from his brother Svyatopolk I . Konstantin persuaded Yaroslav to continue his war against Svyatopolk, helped him muster a new druzhina and regain the Kievan throne. Several years later, he fell into disgrace, for reasons unknown, fled to Rostov and was eventually assassinated in Murom at the behest of Yaroslav. Historians tend to view Konstantin as a leader of an anti Varangian party in Novgorod. His conflict with the Varangians is sometimes given as a reason for the promulgation of the earliest part of the Russkaya Pravda . On the other hand, the chronicle s information about his career may have been biased, if Konstantin indeed was the ancestor of the chronicle s co author, Yan Vyshatich , as many historians speculate. References Valentin Yanin . The Posadniks of Novgorod . Moscow, 1962. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Dobrynich, Konstantin ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1022 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Dobrynich, Konstantin Category Kievan Rus Category Posadniks of Novgorod Category 10th century births Category 1022 deaths be x old ru ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Kasplya lang ru is a river in Russia and Belarus , a left tributary of the Daugava River . Its length is 224 km, the first 157 km in Russia Smolensk Oblast , and the rest in Belarus Vitebsk Voblast . It starts from Lake Kasplya at Coord 54 59 N 31 38 E , and joins the Daugava in the town of Surazh oblast Vitebsk Surazh . The town of Demidov, Smolensk Oblast Demidov is situated on the Kasplya. During the Viking Age , the river was an important part of the Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks Dnieper trade route , as there was a portage from the Kasplya to the Dnieper River tributaries entering the Dnieper near Gnezdovo . Category Rivers of Vitebsk Region Category Portages Category Rivers of Smolensk Oblast Category Bryansk Oblast Category Daugava basin Category International rivers of Europe SmolenskOblast geo stub BryanskOblast geo stub Belarus geo stub be be x old cv cs Kasplja es R o Kasplia fr Kasplia rivi re lt Kasplia nl Kasplja no Kasplja nn Kasplja pl Kaspla rzeka ru zh ... more details
Battleaxe , battle axe , or battle ax can refer to a number of things wiktionary battle axe Military Battle axe , a weapon Operation Battleaxe , a British World War II operation in North Africa, 1941 The 78th Infantry Division United Kingdom , also known as the Battleaxe Division Ships Several ships in the Royal Navy have been called HMS Battleaxe HMS Battleaxe D118 , a Weapon class destroyer HMS Battleaxe F89 , a Type 22 frigate HMS Empire Battleaxe , a landing ship ST Battleaxe ST Battleaxe , a tugboat Arts and culture Battleaxe band , a heavy metal music band from the 1980s An instrumental piece composed by Carlos Cavazo on Quiet Riot s breakthrough album Metal Health Battle axe , a song by alternative metal band Deftones from their 2003 in music 2003 Deftones album self titled album Battleaxe novel Battleaxe novel a 1995 novel by Sara Douglass Battleaxe comics , Marvel comics character Geography Battle Ax , a shield volcano in the Cascade Range of Oregon History Corded Ware culture , sometimes known as Battle Axe culture The Varangians , sometimes known as Battle axe Guards disambig fi Battleaxe ... more details
noref date November 2008 The Krivichi lang be , Kryvi lang ru , IPA ru kr iv i t i pron was one of the tribe tribal unions of Early East Slavs between the 6th and the 12th centuries. They migrated to the mostly Finnic peoples Finnic areas in the upper reaches of the Volga , Dnieper , Western Dvina , areas south of the lower reaches of river Velikaya and parts of the Neman River Neman drainage basin basin . Etymology Many historians suggest that the name of the tribe probably stems from that of their legendary forefather Kriv, possibly a kniaz or a voivode . According to Max Vasmer , this sobriquet was derived from the slavic adjective krivoy crooked twisted due to some possible birth defect . Jan Stankievi believed it was derived from the adjective kro , kryvi blood , hence, kryvi would mean blood relationship . History The Krivichs left many archaeological monuments, such as the remnants of agricultural town settlement s with traces of ironworks , jeweler s art, blacksmith s work and other handicraft s long burial mound s of 6 9 centuries with Cremation cremated bodies burial mound s of rich warrior s with weapon s sets of distinctive jewelry bracelet like temporal rings and glass beads made out of stretched wire . By the end of the first millennium , the Krivichs had already had well developed farming and cattle breeding. Having settled around the Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks , the Krivichs traded with the Varangians . Their chief tribal centres were Gnezdovo , Izborsk , and Polotsk . The Krivichs as a tribe took part in Oleg s and Igor of Kiev Igor s military campaigns against the Byzantine Empire. They are also mentioned in De Administrando Imperio as . In the 970s, the Principality of Polatsk , ruled by the Varangian chieftain Rogvolod Ragnvald Rogvolod, in Lithuanian language rag a nvald ys means the man who govern rule control or manipulate witches , was chronicled for the first time. Modern uses of the name Today ... more details
chrisandpeter relics relics.html Grafitti 20in 20Hagia 20Sophia Relics Of The Varangians ... Category Varangians Category Byzantine Empire related inscriptions no Runer i Hagia Sofia nn Runer i ... more details
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