Varices may refer to In lower extremities Varicose veins , large tortuous veins usually found on legs In the digestive system Sublingual varices Esophageal varices , also known as Oesophageal varices Gastric varices Intestinal varices In the reproductive system varicocele Scrotal varices Vulvar varices Other types Pelvic varices Vesical varices , varicose veins associated with the urinary bladder Rectal varices , also known as external hemorrhoids See also Varicose ulcer Varix mollusc Category Diseases of veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes disambig az Varikoz gen lm cs Varix id Varises jv Varises kk pl ylak ru ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2008 Infobox disease Name Gastric varices Image IGV1.jpg Caption Isolated gastric varices of Sarin classification IGV 1 seen on gastroscopy in a patient with portal hypertension ICD10 ICD10 I 86 4 i 80 ICD9 Gastric varices are dilated submucosal vein s in the stomach , which ... of cirrhosis . Gastric varices may also be found in patients with thrombosis of the splenic ... tumours. Patients with bleeding gastric varices can present with bloody vomiting hematemesis , dark ... develop Shock circulatory shock . Treatment of gastric varices can include injection of the varices ... cases. Clinical presentation File Fundusvarizen.jpg thumb right Axial CT showing varices of the fundus in liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension Gastric varices can present in two major ways. First ... varices . These evaluations may detect gastric varices that are asymptomatic. When gastric varices are symptomatic ... maroon stools or frank blood in the stools. Many patients with bleeding gastric varices present in shock ... varices as a complication of thrombosis of the splenic vein . The splenic vein sits over ... of the short veins, leading to varices in the fundus of the stomach. Laboratory testing usually ... of these may worsen the hemorrhage from gastric varices. In very rare cases, gastric varices are caused ... of gastric varices identifies two types of gastroesophageal varices , where esophageal varices are found concurrently, and two types of isolated gastric varices , found in the absence of esophageal varices . Image Antral varices.jpg thumb right 200px Antral varices, of Sarin classification IGV 2, an unusual class of gastric varices . Diagnosis of gastric varices is often made at the time of upper endoscopy . The Sarin classification of gastric varices identifies four different anatomical types of gastric varices, which differ in terms of treatment modalities. Treatment Initial treatment of bleeding from gastric varices focuses on resuscitation, much as with esophageal varices . This includes ... more details
Intestinal varices are dilated submucosal vein s in the intestine . One treatment includes a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt . ref cite journal author Haskal ZJ, Scott M, Rubin RA, Cope C title Intestinal varices treatment with the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt journal Radiology volume 191 issue 1 pages 183 7 year 1994 month April pmid 8134568 doi url ref References reflist Navigational templates Vascular diseases Categories Category GI tract disorders medical stub ... more details
Anorectal varices refers to the dilation of collateral vessels due backflow in the veins of the rectum . ref name Katz1993 cite journal last Katz first JA coauthors Rubin, RA, Cope, C, Holland, G, Brass, CA title Recurrent bleeding from anorectal varices successful treatment with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. journal The American journal of gastroenterology date 1993 Jul volume 88 issue 7 pages 1104 7 pmid 8317414 ref Collateral veins anastomose the inferior rectal veins inferior and middle rectal veins with the portal venous system portal system in the presence of portal hypertension . ref name Chawla1991 cite journal last Chawla first Y coauthors Dilawari, J B title Anorectal varices their frequency in cirrhotic and non cirrhotic portal hypertension. journal Gut date 1 March 1991 volume 32 issue 3 pages 309 311 doi 10.1136 gut.32.3.309 accessdate 15 November 2011 ref Increased portal pressure causes increased pressure throughout the portal system and this causes backflow to occur, pushing blood into systemic veins at various anastomoses around the body. This can also most commonly occur in the oesophagus , causing oesophageal varices , and at the level of the navel umbilicus , causing caput medusa . ref cite journal last Moubarak first Elie coauthors Bouvier, Antoine, Boursier, J r me, Lebigot, J r me, Ridereau Zins, Catherine, Thouveny, Francine, Willoteaux ... varices. ref name Chawla1991 ref name Hosking1989 cite journal last Hosking first SW coauthors Smart, HL, Johnson, AG, Triger, DR title Anorectal varices, haemorrhoids, and portal hypertension. journal ... ref Diagnosis Anorectal varices are often confused with hemorrhoids , as they have similar presentation ... to alleviate varices caused by portal hypertension. ref name Katz1993 Successful treatment of portal hypertension that subsequently reduces anorectal varices provides a confirmation of the initial diagnosis, allowing for a distinction between varices and hemorrhoids, which would not have been alleviated ... more details
Infobox disease Name Esophageal varices Image Esophageal varices wale.jpg Caption Gastroscopy image of esophageal varices with prominent cherry red spots DiseasesDB 9177 ICD10 ICD10 I 85 i 80 ICD9 ICD9 ... radio 269 MeshID D004932 In medicine gastroenterology , esophageal varices or oesophageal varices ... to cirrhosis patients with esophageal varices have a strong tendency to develop bleeding . Esophageal varices are diagnosed with endoscopy . ref name Biecker 2005 cite journal author Biecker E, Schepke ... have no part in the development of esophageal varices. The remaining blood from the esophagus is drained ... , there is dilation of veins in the anastomosis , leading to esophageal varices. Splenic vein thrombosis is a rare condition that causes esophageal varices without a raised portal pressure. Splenectomy ... varices is from aging changes in the vessels. Varices can also form in other areas of the body, including the stomach gastric varices , duodenum intestinal varices duodenal varices , and rectum rectal varices . Treatment of these types of varices may differ. In some cases, schistosomiasis also leads to esophageal varices. Treatment Image esophageal varices post banding.jpg thumb right 250px Esophageal varices seven days post banding medical banding , showing ulceration at the site of banding ... nutrition in patients with cirrhosis after bleeding from esophageal varices? A randomized controlled .... title Terlipressin vs. octreotide in bleeding esophageal varices as an adjuvant therapy with endoscopic ... In ideal circumstances, patients with known varices should receive treatment to reduce their risk ... blocker s do not prevent the formation of esophageal varices. ref name Groszmann 2005 cite journal ... Varices in Patients with Cirrhosis journal N Engl J Med year 2005 volume 353 issue 21 pages 2254&ndash ... right Axial CT showing esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension Dilated submucosal veins are the most prominent histologic feature of esophageal varices. The expansion of the submucosa ... more details
File Semicassis Granulata Apertural.jpg thumb One simple varix left on the shell of Semicassis granulata in the Tonnidae Image Biplex perca.jpg thumb Symmetrical varices on the shell of a Biplex species, Ranellidae File Chicoreus palmarosae.jpg thumb Elaborate frilled varices on the shell of Chicoreus palmarosae , Muricidae A varix Pl. varices is an anatomical feature of the gastropod shell shell of certain sea snail s, marine ocean marine gastropod mollusks molluscs . It is a thickened axial ridge in the Animal shell shell of some families of gastropods. A varix is located at intervals around the Whorl mollusc whorl , and is formed by considerable thickening of the outer lip at a resting stage in the growth of the shell. In other words, in gastropods whose shells have varices, the shells are characterised by episodic growth the shell grows in spurts, and during the resting phase the varix forms. Gastropods whose shells have varices are primarily families and species within the taxonomic groups Littorinimorpha and Neogastropoda . In many gastropods bearing varices, for example the Cassinae , the varix is essentially merely a thickening and swelling of the shell at that point. But in some genera within the family Muricidae , such as Chicoreus , Hexaplex , Pteropurpura and Pterynotus , and also within the genus Biplex of the family Ranellidae , the varices are characterised by elaborate ruffles, frills or lamellae. Some other genera, for example Murex , are armed with protective spines which may be straight or curved, and which are formed by the varices closing or curling around their axis. References reflist Category Mollusc anatomy Category Gastropods nl Varix schelpdieren ... more details
File Esophageal varices being banded, showing white ball sign and wale sign.JPG thumb right Endoscopic image of esophageal varices being ligated with rubber bands. The varix being ligated has a longitudinal red mark on it, termed the wale mark A wale mark or wale sign is an endoscopic sign suggestive of recent hemorrhage, or propensity to bleed, seen in individuals with esophageal varices . The mark has the appearance of a longitudinal red streak located on an esophageal varix. It derives its name from the similarity to corduroy wales. ref name ClinHep cite book author Bacon BR, O Grady JG title Comprehensive clinical hepatology page 141 publisher Elsevier Health Sciences year 2006 ref Similar lesions that are suggestive of recent or impending bleeding from esophageal varices include the cherry red spot, which is circular and red in colour. Bleeding risk of esophageal varices can be ascertained at the time of endoscopy by evaluating for the presence of these markers. ref cite journal author Beppu K, Inokuchi K, Koyanagi N, et al. title Prediction of variceal hemorrhage by esophageal endoscopy journal Gastrointest. Endosc. volume 27 issue 4 pages 213 8 year 1981 month November pmid 6975734 ref See also esophageal varices References references Category Gastroenterology ... more details
Auberger s blood group is a type of Human blood group systems human blood group in which the Aua antigen is expressed. It is found in 82 of Caucasian race caucasians . It may be related to the Lutheran antigen system . The blood group was named after patient Auberger, who was a 59 year old France French woman with esophageal varices oesophageal varices . External links WhoNamedIt synd 283 Auberger s blood group med stub Category Blood antigen systems ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Interventions infobox Name PAGENAME Image Sengstaken Blakemore scheme EN.svg Caption Scheme of using the Blakemore tube. There are sphygmomanometer drains connected with esophageal port, to enable inflating the balloon with correct pressure. ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 96.06 MeshID OPS301 OtherCodes HCPCSlevel2 Balloon tamponade usually refers to the use of balloon s inserted into the esophagus or stomach , and inflated to stop refractory bleeding from vascular structures including esophageal varices and gastric varices in the upper gastrointestinal tract. There are many different types of balloons manufactured for the purpose of tamponading upper gastrointestinal bleeds, each with different volume capacities and aspiration ports tailored for the specific application. Examples include Sengstaken Blakemore tube , with three lumens two balloons and a gastric aspiration port . Pressure can be applied to gastric and esophageal varices by balloon inflation and traction. Linton tube , with a large gastric balloon, and gastric and esophageal aspirates Minnesota four lumen tube , with esophageal and gastric balloons, and esophageal and gastric aspirates. Balloon tamponade is considered a bridge to more definitive treatment modalities, and is usually administered in the Emergency Department or in the intensive care unit setting, due to the illness of patients and the complications of the procedure. DEFAULTSORT Balloon Tamponade Category Digestive system procedures Treatment stub Medical placement and administration procedures ... more details
Hassab s decongestion operation is an elective surgical procedure to treat esophageal varices in patients with portal hypertension as a result of cirrhosis of the liver . It was created by Dr. Mohammed Aboul Fotouh Hassab , a professor of surgery at Alexandria University in Egypt . It has proved to be one of the most effective operations to treat bleeding varices and is used widely to treat such patients. Procedure The approach is abdominal. Splenectomy Devascularization of the distal 7 cm of the esophagaus Devascularization of the proximal part of the stomach Vagotomy and pyeloroplasty References cite journal author Khanna AK, Misra MK, Gupta S, Sharma OP, Jain AK, Gupta JP title Hassab s operation as an elective surgical procedure in portal hypertension journal Indian J Gastroenterol volume 7 issue 3 pages 153 4 year 1988 month July pmid 3397137 Failed verification date September 2010 DEFAULTSORT Hassab s Decongestion Operation Category Digestive system surgery ... more details
for immediate control of bleeding esophageal varices journal Ann Surg year 1974 volume 179 pages ... to reduce the blood flow to esophageal varices. If the use of traction alone cannot stop the bleeding ... stomach contents. Generally it is used only in emergencies where bleeding from presumed varices ... gastric balloon capacity about 500 ml , the Linton Nachlas tube , is used for bleeding gastric varices ... more details
Infobox Vein Name PAGENAME Latin vena gastrica sinistra GraySubject 174 GrayPage 682 Image Bilebladder.png Caption The portal vein and its tributaries. Image2 Caption2 DrainsFrom lesser curvature of the stomach DrainsTo portal vein Artery MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre v 05 DorlandsSuf 12850399 The left gastric vein or coronary vein carries blood low in oxygen, tributaries derived from both surfaces of the stomach it runs from right to left along the lesser curvature of the stomach, between the two layers of the lesser omentum , to the esophageal opening of the stomach, where it receives some esophageal vein s. It then turns backward and passes from left to right behind the omental bursa and drains into the portal vein . esophageal varices Esophageal and paraesophageal varices are supplied primarily by the left gastric vein due to flow reversal and typically drain into the azygos hemiazygos venous system. ref Siegelman, E. Body MRI , page 47. Saunders, 2004 ref External links eMedicineDictionary Left gastric vein NormanAnatomy stomach NormanAnatomyFig portalvein References references Gray s circulatory stub Veins of the torso Category Veins of the torso es Vena coronaria estom quica la Vena gastrica sinistra pt Veia g strica esquerda ... more details
Cruveilhier Baumgarten disease or P got Cruveilhier Baumgarten disease is a rare medical condition in which the Umbilical vein umbilical or Paraumbilical vein paraumbilical veins are distended, with an abdominal wall bruit the Cruveilhier Baumgarten bruit and palpable thrill, portal hypertension with splenomegaly , hypersplenism and Esophageal varices oesophageal varices , with a normal or small liver . It was first described by P got in 1833, and then by Jean Cruveilhier 1835 and Paul Clemens von Baumgarten 1907 . ref name gut cite journal author Bisseru B, Patel JS title Cruveilhier Baumgarten C B disease journal Gut volume 30 issue 1 pages 136 7 year 1989 month January pmid 2920918 pmc 1378244 doi 10.1136 gut.30.1.136 url http gut.bmj.com cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 2920918 accessdate 2009 03 27 ref Armstrong et al. 1942 and Steinburg and Galambos 1967 described two different types of the condition Cruveilhier Baumgarten syndrome liver cirrhosis or portal hypertension is the cause of the distension of the paraumbilical veins i.e. an acquired condition in which the veins reopen due to high portal pressure . Cruveilhier Baumgarten disease the distension of the paraumbilical veins is due to failure of umbilical vein closure, with little or no evidence of liver disease found on liver biopsy i.e. a congenital patency of the umbilical vein leading to portal hypertension . ref name gut External links WhoNamedIt synd 848 Cruveilhier Baumgarten disease References reflist disease stub Category Hepatology pt S ndrome de Cruveilhier Baumgarten ... more details
Infobox Vein Name PAGENAME Latin venae oesophageales GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 DrainsFrom DrainsTo Artery esophageal artery MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre v 05 DorlandsSuf 12851147 The esophageal veins drain blood from the esophagus to the azygos vein , in the thorax, and to the inferior thyroid vein in the neck. It also drains, although with less significance, to the hemiazygos vein , posterior intercostal vein and bronchial veins . In the abdomen, some drain to the left gastric vein . ref eMedicineDictionary Esophageal veins ref See also Esophageal varices References reflist External links OklahomaHistology 49 08 NormanAnatomy largeintestine NormanAnatomyFig portalsystem http www.med.mun.ca anatomyts digest avein6.htm Gray s circulatory stub Veins of the torso Category Veins of the torso pt Veias esof gicas ... more details
Rectal hemorrhage also known as Alexian Duffitus refers to bleeding in the rectum . There are many causes of rectal hemorrhage, including hemorrhoids which are dilated vessels in the perianal fat pads , rectal varices, proctitis of various causes , stercal ulcers and infections. Diagnosis is usually made by proctoscopy , which is an endoscopy endoscopic test. ref cite journal author Vernava AM, Moore BA, Longo WE, Johnson FE title Lower gastrointestinal bleeding journal Dis. Colon Rectum volume 40 issue 7 pages 846 58 year 1997 pmid 9221865 doi 10.1007 BF02055445 ref Bleeding from the anus is termed anal hemorrhage and is usually superficial in nature. See also lower gastrointestinal bleeding References references Category GI tract disorders ... more details
, butyl cyanoacrylate is used to treat bleeding gastric varices , which are dilated vein s that occur ... varices are accessed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy endoscopy , which uses a flexible fibre ... through the endoscope. Other sites of varices, including esophageal varices , ref name pmid8739740 cite ... 2 cyanoacrylate in the endoscopic treatment of upper gastrointestinal tract varices journal Endoscopy ... url ref duodenum duodenal varices ref name pmid9719241 cite journal author Ota K, Shirai Z, Masuzaki ... varices journal J. Gastroenterol. volume 33 issue 4 pages 550 5 year 1998 month August pmid 9719241 ... ref and Colon anatomy colonic varices . ref name pmid10685765 cite journal author Chen WC ... url ref Gastric varices have also been obliterated with recurrent injection treatment with butyl ... of bleeding gastric varices journal Hepatology volume 33 issue 5 pages 1060 4 year 2001 ... more details
Refimprove date December 2006 A portacaval anastomosis also known as portal systemic anastomosis or portal caval system is a specific type of anastomosis that occurs between the veins of portal circulation and those of systemic circulation . The lower end of esophagus is one of the important sites for the portosystemic anastomosis . In portal hypertension as in the case of cirrhosis of liver the anastomosis opens and forms venous dilatation called esophageal varices. Their rupture causes severe and dangerous haematesis hematemesis . Specific types include class wikitable Region Name of clinical condition Portal circulation Systemic circulation Esophageal Esophageal varices Esophageal branch of left gastric vein Esophageal branches of Azygos vein Rectal Hemorrhoids Superior rectal vein Middle rectal veins and inferior rectal veins Navel Paraumbilical Caput medusae Paraumbilical veins Superficial epigastric vein Retroperitoneal no clinical name Right colic vein , middle colic vein , left colic vein Renal vein , suprarenal vein , paravertebral vein , and gonadal vein Liver Intrahepatic Ductus venosus Patent ductus venosus portal vein Left branch of portal vein Inferior vena cava It can be one of the conditions caused by portal hypertension . A useful mnemonic is that portal hypertension causes problems in the butt, the gut, and caput. A dilated inferior mesenteric vein may or may not be related to portal hypertension. References Compendio de Anatom a humana. Testut LaTarjet Vascular diseases Category Vascular diseases Category Diseases of veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes Disease stub sl Portokavalna anastomoza ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Portal hypertension Image Gray591.png Caption The portal vein and its tributaries. DiseasesDB 10388 ICD10 ICD10 K 76 6 k 70 ICD9 ICD9 572.3 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj radio eMedicineTopic 570 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 med 1889 MeshID D006975 In medicine , portal hypertension is hypertension high blood pressure in the portal vein and its tributaries. It is often defined as a portal pressure gradient the difference in pressure between the portal vein and the hepatic veins of 10 mmHg or greater. Causes Causes can be divided into prehepatic, intrahepatic, and posthepatic. Intrahepatic causes include liver cirrhosis , and hepatic fibrosis e.g. due to Wilson s disease , hemochromatosis , or congenital fibrosis . Prehepatic causes include portal vein thrombosis or congenital atresia. Posthepatic obstruction occurs at any level between liver and right heart, including hepatic vein thrombosis , inferior vena cava thrombosis, inferior vena cava congenital malformation, and constrictive pericarditis . Signs and symptoms Consequences of portal hypertension are caused by blood being forced down alternate channels by the increased resistance to flow through the systemic venous system rather than the portal system. They include Ascites free fluid in the peritoneal cavity . ref name titlePortal Hypertension cite web url http www.clevelandclinic.org health health info docs 0200 0252.asp?index 4912 title Portal Hypertension accessdate 2007 12 07 format work ref Hepatic encephalopathy . Increased risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis . Increased risk of hepatorenal syndrome . Splenomegaly enlargement of the spleen with a consequent accumulation of red blood cells , white blood cells , and platelets , together leading to mild pancytopenia . Portacaval anastomoses Esophageal varices , gastric varices , anorectal varices not to be confused with hemorrhoid s , and caput medusae . Esophageal and gastric varices pose an ongoing risk of life threatening ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Interventions infobox Name PAGENAME Image Caption ICD10 ICD9 MeshID D010536 OtherCodes A peritoneovenous shunt also called Denver shunt ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com Denver shunt thefreedictionary.com Denver shunt Citing McGraw Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. 2002 ref is a shunt medical shunt which drains peritoneal fluid from the peritoneum into vein s, usually the internal jugular vein or the superior vena cava . It is sometimes used in patients with refractory ascites . It is a long tube with a non return valve running subcutaneously from the peritoneum to the internal jugular vein in the neck, which allows ascitic fluid to pass directly into the systemic circulation. Possible Complications Infection Superior vena caval thrombosis pulmonary edema bleeding from varices DIC Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Peritoneovenous Shunt Category Implants medicine stub Treatment stub ... more details
A portacaval shunt or portal caval shunt is a treatment for high blood pressure in the liver. A connection is made between the portal vein , which supplies 75 of the liver s blood, and the inferior vena cava , the vein that drains blood from the lower two thirds of the body. The most common causes of liver disease resulting in portal hypertension are cirrhosis caused by alcohol abuse and viral hepatitis hepatitis B and C . Less common causes include diseases such as hemochromatosis , primary biliary cirrhosis PBC , and portal vein thrombosis . Cirrhotic patients with portacaval shunts who have esophageal varices or any upper GI bleed can suffer Hepatic encephalopathy ammonium intoxication which may lead to coma. See also Shunt medical Portacaval anastomosis External links MeshName Portacaval shunt Surgery stub Category Vascular surgery Category Implants ... more details
Portal venous pressure is the blood pressure in the portal vein . It is normally 5 10 mm Hg ref http www.emedicine.com med byname esophageal varices.htm eMedicine Esophageal Varices Article Excerpt by Samy A Azer ... ref . An elevated pressure may cause portal hypertension . ref http www.springerlink.com content l544751202032875 fulltext.pdf Ascites in Cirrhosis Relative Importance of Portal Hypertension and Hypoalbuminemia DONALI O. CASTELL, LCDR MC , USN ref It is used in order to calculate hepatic vein pressure gradient HVPG . Wedged hepatic venous pressure WHVP Wedged hepatic venous pressure is an estimation of portal venous pressure in alcoholics . ref Cite journal author Perell A, Escorsell A, Bru C, et al. title Wedged hepatic venous pressure adequately reflects portal pressure in hepatitis C virus related cirrhosis journal Hepatology volume 30 issue 6 pages 1393 7 year 1999 pmid 10573517 doi 10.1002 hep.510300628 ref References Reflist External links MeshName Portal Pressure Cardiovascular physiology Category Blood pressure Medicine stub ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Argobuccinum tumidum image image width regnum Animalia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked superfamilia clade Caenogastropoda br clade Hypsogastropoda br clade Littorinimorpha superfamilia Tonnoidea familia Ranellidae subfamilia Ranellinae genus Argobuccinum species A. tumidum binomial Argobuccinum tumidum binomial authority Dunker, 1862 Argobuccinum tumidum is a species of large sea snail , a marine ocean marine gastropod mollusc in the family biology family Ranellidae , the tritons. Shell description The large swollen shell of this species has prominent varix mollusc varices . References reflist Arthur William Baden Powell Powell A W B , New Zealand Mollusca , HarperCollins William Collins Publishers Ltd , Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0 00 216906 1 Category Ranellidae Category Gastropods of New Zealand Ranellidae stub es Argobuccinum tumidum vi Argobuccinum tumidum ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2008 Mohammed Aboul Fotouh Hassab was an Egyptian gastro intestinal surgeon. He is well known for the description of his operation Hassab s decongestion operation for the treatment of oesophageal varices as a result of portal hypertension . Dr. Mohammed Aboul Fotouh Hassab was one of the surgery professors in medicine school at Alexandria University in Egypt and his operation is proved to be one of the most effective operations to treat bleeding varices and is now used widely in the world to treat such patients. Early life and career Dr. Hassab was born on 2 December 1913 in Sohag . He received a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery in 1940, Diploma in 1943 and MA in 1946 from Cairo University . He began teaching as the Clinical Instructor of Surgery in 1944 at Cairo University, until he reached the rank of chief of surgery in 1970, then worked as an emeritus professor at the Alexandria University in 1974. He died in July 2000. Activities Member of National Committees for diseases of the liver. Member of the International Society of Surgeons. Member of Friends of Egyptians patients with liver diseases. Member of the Egyptian Society of Surgeons. Member of Association of Surgeons in Alexandria. Member of Alexandria Medical Association. 34 research in the areas the digestive tract, hernia, varicose esophagus, cirrhosis of the liver and varicose veins. Hassab s decongestion operation Hassab Operation , which is the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices, is taught in all surgery world books. Attended many international conferences and was invited by many universities in the world to lecture them. Dr. Mohammed Aboul Fotouh Hassab and his brother Dr. Hussein Kamel Hassab founded Hassab hospital Hassab Hospital in Alexandria. Honours and awards His name is written in the register of World famous personalities. A Merit Medal from the University of Alexandria. A Merit Medal from Saudi Arabia. First class Science award from the University of Alexandri ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Maxwellia image image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked superfamilia clade Caenogastropoda br clade Hypsogastropoda br clade Neogastropoda superfamilia Muricoidea familia Muricidae subfamilia Muricopsinae genus Maxwellia genus authority Baily, 1950 No gastropod genus ref synonyms ref synonyms type species Murex gemma Sowerby, 1879 Maxwellia is a genus of sea snail s, marine ocean marine gastropod mollusk s in the family biology family Muricidae , the murex snails or rock snails. ref name WoRMS WRMS species 397214 Maxwellia Baily, 1950 25 December 2010 ref The genus was named after Maxwell Smith 1888 1961 , an American malacologist . Description The species in this genus have small to moderate sized, solid fusiform shells with a low, globose Spire mollusc spire . The siphonal canal is rather short, curved to the left, fused at the top and almost sealed below. They have six to seven well developed varices per Whorl mollusc whorl , with deep hollows at the sutures. These varices extend from the shoulder margin to the tip of the siphonal canal and become twisted at the base of the shell. The deflection of the varices at the top of the shoulder of each whorl gives rise to a small pointed spine pointing to the preceding varix. ref http books.google.be books?id Xj 2 KxUCcYC&pg PA529&dq 22Maxwellia 22&hl nl&ei 61wXTYHLJcqKhQegjbW3Dg&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 5&ved 0CDgQ6AEwBA v onepage&q 22Maxwellia 20 22&f false A. Myra Keen , Sea shells of Tropical West America, p. 529 ref ref http books.google.be books?id 8C2sAAAAIAAJ&pg PA154&dq 22Maxwellia 22&hl nl&ei 61wXTYHLJcqKhQegjbW3Dg&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 8&ved 0CEgQ6AEwBw v onepage&q 22Maxwellia 20 22&f false George E. Radwin,Anthony D Attilio, Murex shells of the world an illustrated guide to the Muricidae , p. 154 ref Species Species within the genus Maxwellia include Maxwellia angermeyerae Emerson & D Attilio, 1965 ref WRMS species 408589 ... more details
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