Multiple issues citation style January 2012 cleanup link rot January 2012 other uses merge from vassal state date October 2011 English Feudalism A vassal or feudatory ref Hughes, Michael 1992 . Early Modern Germany, 1477 1806 , MacMillan Press and University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, p. 18. ISBN 0 8122 1427 7. ref is a person who has entered into a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe. The obligations often included military support and mutual protection, in exchange for certain privileges, usually including the grant of land held as a fief dom. ref F. L. Ganshof, Benefice and Vassalage in the Age of Charlemagne Cambridge Historical Journal 6 .2 1939 147 75 . ref The term can be applied to similar arrangements in other feudal societies. In contrast, a fidelity , or fidelitas , was a sworn loyalty, subject to the king. ref Ganshof 151 note 23 and passim the essential point was made again, and the documents on which the historian s view of vassalage are based were reviewed, with translation and commentary, by Elizabeth Magnou Nortier, Foi et Fid lit . Recherches sur l volution des liens personnels chez les Francs du ... , the lord and the vassal would undertake a commendation ceremony composed of two parts, the homage ... expensive to maintain. A vassal needed economic resources to equip the cavalry he was bound to contribute .... Difference between vassal and vassal state unreferenced section date November 2011 Many empires have created vassal states out of cities, kingdoms, and tribes that they wish to bring under their auspices ... . A lesser state that might be called a junior ally would be called a vassal as a reference to a domestic ... Rome , the Mongol Empire , and the British Empire . See also Vassal state Feudalism Freeborn Mandala Southeast Asian history Suzerainty Thegn Vavasour , a type of vassal Zamindar Compare Manrent ... hr Vazal id Vasal io Vasalo it Vassallo he nl Vazal no Vasall oc Vassal pl Wasal pt Vassalagem ... more details
Wiktionarypar vassal A vassal is one who enters into mutual obligations with a monarch in exchange for certain guarantees. Vassal may also refer to VASSAL Engine , a free boardgame engine People with the given name Vassal Gadoengin c.1943 2004 , Nauruan politician See also Vassall disambiguation disambig Category Given names ... more details
Infobox software name VASSAL Engine logo File VASSAL logo.png VASSAL s official logo. screenshot Deleted image removed Image VASSAL screenshot.png right 250px VASSAL screenshot. caption Screenshot of a typical VASSAL module. collapsible developer The VASSAL Team. released Start date 2003 latest release version 3.1.16 latest release date release date 2011 08 17 latest preview version 3.2.0 beta1 latest preview date release date 2009 10 07 frequently updated yes programming language Java programming language Java operating system Any platform Cross platform size language Multilingual English language English and 6 other languages status Active genre Game engine license LGPL website http www.vassalengine.org www.vassalengine.org The VASSAL Engine is a game engine for building and playing online adaptations of board games , tabletop games and card games . It allows users to play in real time over a live Internet connection, and also by email PbeM . It runs on all platforms, and is free, open source software. For example, there is a Star Wars Miniatures module, where players can play with up to three others in a digital replica of the table top game . It is written in Java programming language Java and is available from SourceForge under the LGPL open source license. ref http www.vassalengine.org Official VASSAL Website ref History VASSAL began as VASL Virtual Advanced Squad Leader , an application ... comments roberto flaibani the master and his vassal Interview with Rodney Kinney, designer of the VASSAL Engine. Available modules VASSAL modules exist for over 800 games, some of which are listed ... wiki Category Modules VASSAL module site list . Tabletops V40k, a Warhammer 40,000 module. Perhaps the most played module now. ref http www.vassal40k.com Vassal 40k Website ref Battlefleet Gothic ... Official VASSAL website http sourceforge.net projects vassalengine SourceForge page for the engine DEFAULTSORT Vassal Engine Category Free game engines de VASSAL ... more details
Merge into Client state date August 2011 Merge into Vassal date October 2011 Unreferenced date November 2010 A vassal state is any state that is subordinate to another. The vassal in these cases is the ruler, rather than the state itself. Being a vassal most commonly implies providing military assistance to the dominant state when requested to do so it sometimes implies paying tribute , but a state which does so is better described as a tributary state . In simpler terms the vassal state would have to provide military power to the dominant state. Today, more common terms are puppet state , protectorate or associated state . Ancient China Main State Ancient China From the time of the Zhou Dynasty 1046&ndash 770 BCE until the Han Dynasty 206 BCE&ndash 220 CE , a varying number of vassal states existed in Ancient China . These ranged in size from small city states to vassals which controlled large swathes of territory such as the States of Chu state Chu and Qi state Qi . One of these vassal states would go on to conquer China and unite the country under the first emperor Qin Shi Huang . People s Republic of China Main China Between 1949 and 1950 Tibet was invaded by Forces from the Peoples Republic of China PRC forcing the then Tibetan government into exile. Until the late 1950 s it was common for Chinese writers to describing Tibet s place in the world of imperial China as that of a subordinate vassal state. ref http scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu handle 10125 3525 ref Ottoman Empire Main Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire 1299&ndash 1923 CE controlled a number of tributary or vassal states in the peripheral areas of its territory. Vassalage ... colonial empire . cn date February 2012 Troy under the Hittites Troy was a vassal state ... vassal state&hl fr&sa X&ei TZo6T7fGHYOJhQef qzpCQ&redir esc y v onepage&q vassal 20state&f false ref . See also Mandala Southeast Asian history ANZUS Treaty References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Vassal State ... more details
Image VassalImage.jpg thumb Vassal Gradington Benford III Record producer producer . Vassal Gradington Benford III born February 2, 1967 is an American record producer, executive and music industry executive. His body of work has included 57 Platinum Records awarded by the RIAA certified, ref Allmusic class artist id p55797 pure url yes Body of Work ref 8 Grammy Nominations, 11 Film Scores, 4 Television ... of the year awards, Producer of the year awards. Vassal Benford has been producing music professionally ... Braxton , Debra Cox , Jade , and Chante Moore . Vassal has producing over 150 albums throughout ..., Michigan, the son of Margaret Simone Benford and Henry Benford. He was given the name Vassal Gradington ... in honor of the heroic work this man had performed. Vassal was raised in one of the United States most poverty stricken and dangerous neighborhoods of Detroit, MI during the 1970s. Vassal was considered a child prodigy and started playing piano at age four. Vassal began playing Classical and Jazz music shortly thereafter. At age 13, Vassal started working as an intern, played keyboards, and programmed synthesizers on some of the biggest platinum albums of the time. During his teens, Vassal made ... under the tutelage of Professor Harold McKinney. Here, Vassal studied Music Counter Point with Professor ... 5, Surface and The Jets. Vassal s introduction into the Fast Track of success started with Producer ... lREEAAAAMBAJ&pg PA56&dq vassal benford&hl en&ei WGDPS r9B4j NZeVLA&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 2&ved 0CDYQ6AEwAQ v onepage&q vassal 20benford&f false Billboard Magazine ref Deborah Cox was Benford ... Beats , and rapper Cassidy rapper Cassidy . As of year 2009 Vassal Benford expanded his talents and companies ... Producer Mark Canton producer of the Box Office Blockbuster film 300. Vassal and Mark met on the set ... see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Benford, Vassal ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION American record ... DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Benford, Vassal Category 1967 births Category Living people ... more details
Infobox MP honorific prefix small The Honourable small br name Vassal Gadoengin honorific suffix small Member of Parliament Nauru MP small image constituency MP Anetan District Anetan parliament Nauruan majority predecessor successor term start term end office1 predecessor1 Ruby Dediya successor1 Marcus Stephen term start1 February 10, 1997 term end1 May 5, 2003 office2 predecessor2 Remy Namaduk successor2 Cyril Buramen term start2 October 23, 2004 term end2 December 15, 2004 birth date Birth date 1943 05 01 df y birth place Nauru death date Death date and age 2004 12 15 1943 05 01 df y death place Nauru nationality flagicon Nauru Nauru an spouse party relations children residence alma mater occupation profession religion Christian signature website footnotes Vassal Abago Bagobagan Gadoengin May 1, 1943 December 15, 2004 ref cite news title Nauru s parliament speaker dies of a heart attack work Xinhua General News Service date 2004 12 16 ref was a political figure from the Pacific nation of Nauru . Background Before entering a political career, which he did not do until he was aged in his mid 50s, Gadoengin had been working as a teacher. Political roles Gadoengin was elected to parliament in 1997 winning the seat of Ruby Dediya and was re elected in 2000. In 2003 he lost his seat to newcomer Marcus Stephen , but regained it after the 2004 snap elections. Speaker of the Parliament of Nauru He was appointed Speaker of the Parliament of Nauru and was serving in this office when he died. Gadoengin was succeeded as Speaker by Valdon Dowiyogo . ref name RNZI 14177 cite news url http www.rnzi.com pages news.php?op read&id 14177, title Nauru elects a new Speaker date January 7, 2005 ... References references Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Gadoengin, Vassal ALTERNATIVE ..., 2004 PLACE OF DEATH Nauru DEFAULTSORT Gadoengin, Vassal Category 1943 births Category 2004 deaths ... stub de Vassal Gadoengin no Vassal Gadoengin ... more details
Orphan date September 2011 File Kottuvasal.jpg thumb Kottu Vaasal Amman s Chariot Kottu Vassal Amman Kovil is a Hindu temple located in the Northern town Point Pedro Point Pedro , Sri Lanka . This temple is also known as Sandika Parameswari Amman Kovil . This temple is located in front of the Point Pedro court complex, as the result local people started to call it kottu vaasal amman kovil which means the amman kovil located in front of the court s gate. In 1996 when the Jaffna peninsula fell from LTTE to Sri Lankan Army , the temple and surrounding declared as the High Security Zone. But with the fall of LTTE in 2009, this temple is opened to public once again after more than a decade. coord missing Sri Lanka Category Buildings and structures in Jaffna hindu stub ta ... more details
Infobox Film name The Idle Vassal House of the Snake Princess image Hatamoto Taikutsuatoko Nazo no Hebihime Yoshiki poster.jpg image size caption Original Japanese movie poster director Yasushi Sasaki producer Toei Company Toei writer narrator starring music cinematography editing distributor released flagicon Japan May 22 Japanese films of 1957 1957 Japan ref jp icon http www.jmdb.ne.jp 1957 cg004950.htm accessed 18 May 2009 ref runtime 94 min. country Japan language Japanese budget preceded by followed by nihongo The Idle Vassal House of the Snake Princess Hatamoto Taikutsuotoko Nazo no Hebihime Yashiki is a 1957 color cinema of Japan Japanese film directed by Yasushi Sasaki . It is a samurai cinema samurai film about Hatamoto Taikutsuotoko ja . Cast Utaemon Ichikawa and others References reflist External links DEFAULTSORT Idle Vassal Category 1957 films Category Japanese films Category Samurai films Category Films directed by Yasushi Sasaki Category Toei Company films 1950s Japan film stub ... more details
Use dmy dates date April 2012 State organisation of Ottoman Empire Vassal States were a number of tribute tributary or vassal state s, usually on the periphery of the Ottoman Empire under suzerainty of the Ottoman Porte Porte , over which direct control was not established, for various reasons. Functions Some of these states served as buffer state s between the Ottomans and Christianity in Europe or Shi a Islam Shi ism in Asia. Their number varied over time but notable were the Khanate of Crimea , Wallachia , Moldavia , Transylvania . Other states such as Bulgaria , Kingdom of Hungary , Serbian Despotate , and Bosnia Province, Ottoman Empire Bosnia were vassals before being absorbed into the Empire. Still others had commercial value such as Imeretia , Mingrelia , Chios , the Duchy of the Archipelago Duchy of Naxos , and the Republic of Ragusa Dubrovnik . Areas such as holy cities and Republic of Venice Venetian tributary areas of Cyprus and Zakynthos Zante were not fully incorporated either. Finally, some small areas such as Montenegro Zeta state Zeta and Mount Lebanon Mount Lebanon, as a political ... Commonwealth . It was usually paid to the Ottoman vassal Khan title khans of Khanate of Crimea Crimea ... some vassal states of the Ottoman Empire in 1683 300px Expand list date May 2010 Byzantine Empire , ca. 1372 1403 as a vassal state, tributary from 1424 on. Principality of Wallachia Efl k Prensli i ... 2B vassal of the Ottoman Empire&hl en&ei gOyRTtnjPKnj4QSx5JjPAQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum ... 2010 Holy Roman Empire , 1533 1606, nominal vassal ref http books.google.com books?id LOln4TGdDHYC ... Lehistan , 1576 86 briefly a nominal vassal state under Ottoman vassal Stephen B thory , Prince ...&dq bathory vassal murad&source bl&ots apUIHnsS1N&sig PBWZ9HexxdFsgMKlHy2T hx dqY&hl en&ei fo6vTNLqOcaAlAf0vpzlDw ... 30em Organisation of the Ottoman Empire Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire DEFAULTSORT Vassal And Tributary States Of The Ottoman Empire Category Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire es ... more details
Jipang could be refer to Jipang, Jipangu or Chipangu the alternative Names of Japan Jipang Panolo A 16th century principality vassal of Demak Sultanate , today located in Cepu, Blora , Central Java . disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2008 Arun was a more or less vassal state of the Sultan ate of Aceh , now Indonesia , in the Meureudu area of Sumatra . coord missing Indonesia Category Aceh Aceh geo stub ... more details
King Wu may refer to King Wu of Zhou r. 1046 1043 BCE , first sovereign or ruler of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty . King Wu of Chu , ruler of the Zhou vassal State of Chu from 740 690 BCE. King Wu of Qin , ruler of the Zhou vassal State of Qin from 310 307 BCE. King Wu of Bohai r. 718 737 CE , second king of the Bohai Kingdom . hndis Wu, King ko ja zh ... more details
The Franco Dahomean Wars were a series of military conflicts including The First Franco Dahomean War , that pitted the Kingdom of Dahomey against the Third French Republic and its vassal kingdom of Porto Novo The Second Franco Dahomean War , between the Dahomey and France disambig ... more details
Ridel may refer to Geoffrey Ridel, Duke of Gaeta died 1084 , the Duke of Gaeta as a vassal of the Prince of Capua from 1067 or 1068 Geoffrey Ridel bishop of Ely died 1189 , the nineteenth Lord Chancellor of England, from 1162 to 1173 Geoffrey Ridel royal justice died 1120 , a landholder and royal justice during the reign of King Henry I of England Gualganus Ridel , the Duke of Gaeta as a vassal of the Prince of Capua in the late 1080s until 1091 Kevin Ridel , an American musician Raynald Ridel , the Duke of Gaeta as a vassal of the Prince of Capua from 1086 until his death Stefanie Ridel born 1973 , an American singer, songwriter, and actress Vladimir Ridel born 1985 , a Russian professional football player surname de Ridel ... more details
Wiktionary sermon Sermon may refer to Religion Sermon , oration by a prophet or member of the clergy The Farewell Sermon Final Sermon Islam People Sermon ruler , 11th century ruler of Srem, vassal of Samuil of Bulgaria Erick Sermon , American hip hop musician and record producer Other A Sermon , a song by The Police disambig ... more details
Bunga may refer to Bunga mas , a tribute that was sent every three years to the King of Siam from its vassal states in the Malay Peninsula The Bunga River in northeastern Nigeria Bunga Raya, the Malay name for Hibiscus rosa sinensis , the national flower of Malaysia Bunga, or Botija , a Caribbean musical instrument of the aerophone type Bunga bunga , an erotic entertainment Disambig ... more details
Dar Runga was a sultanate in what is today southern Chad . It was a tributary state of the Ouaddai Empire . It was conquered by Rabih az Zubayr in 1890 and annexed to its former vassal, the sultanate of Dar al Kuti . References http webs.ono.com juanfandos tradrulers.htm DEK Traditional Rulers in the Central African Republic Chad stub Category History of Chad es Dar Runga ... more details
ceremony The junior who was to become the vassal of his senior Fiefdom seigneur appeared bareheaded and weaponless as a sign of his submission to the will of the lord and knelt before him. The vassal ... of prayer, and would stretch his clasped hands outward to the lord. The lord in turn grasped the vassal s hands between his own, showing he was the superior in the relationship. The vassal would ... the touching of hands the warrior chief caused to pass from this own body into the body of the vassal something like a sacred fluid, the hail . Made taboo , as it were, the vassal thereupon fell ... thumb right 230px Papacy and monarchy Catholic Marie de Medici assumes the traditional position of a vassal ... Charlemagne Annales Pepin le Bref.htm Eginhard, Annals 757 . Oath of fealty ceremony The vassal ... against all persons in good faith and without deceit. Significance of commendation Once the vassal had sworn the oath of fealty, the lord and vassal had a feudal relationship. See also Feudalism ... more details
Refimprove date July 2010 Alp Ilutuer was the Ilutuer vassal ruler of the North Caucasian Huns during the 680 s CE. He is mentioned in the account of Bishop Israel of Caucasian Albania , who travelled to Alp Ilutuer s court in an unsuccessful attempt to convert him and his people to Christianity . Alp is an Old Turkic language Old Turkic word meaning hero , though it also sometimes was used as a personal name. Ilutuer is believed to be a cognate of the ancient Turkic languages Turkic title for a vassal ruler in this case, vassal to the Khazars . Therefore it is unclear whether Alp Ilutuer is a proper name, a title, or a combination of the two. In 670s he provoked some raids against the Khazars and heroically died in war. Alp Iluetuer is still remembered in Bulgars Bulgar and Chuvash legend. Citation needed date February 2010 His name s correct construction must be Alp lteber according to Old Turkic. Further reading Kevin Alan Brook . The Jews of Khazaria. 2nd ed. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2006. Douglas M. Dunlop . The History of the Jewish Khazars, Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press, 1954. Peter B. Golden . Khazar Studies An Historio Philological Inquiry into the Origins of the Khazars. Budapest Akademia Kiado, 1980. Khazaria DEFAULTSORT Iluetuer, Alp Category Khazars Category History of Tatarstan Category Kings Category History of the Caucasus Category 7th century rulers in Europe Euro royal stub ... more details
Cilicia modern Turkish name is ukurova was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire , with its capitol at Tarsus city Tarsus . It was conquered sometime in the 540 s by Cyrus the Great . Cilicia was a vassal, and although it had a vassal king had to pay a tribute of 360 horses and 500 talents of silver, according to Herodotus. The fertile ukurova Cilicia plains were the most important part of the satrapy. There were several sanctuaries that remained more or less independent from Persian rule. Some of these included Castabala Citation needed date November 2009 , Mazaca Citation needed date November 2009 , and Mallus Citation needed date November 2009 . The last vassal king of Cilicia became involved in the civil war between Artaxerxes II and Cyrus the Younger . Having sided with Cyrus the Younger, who was defeated, the king was dethroned and Cilicia became an ordinary satrapy. The second to last satrap governor of Cilicia was the Babylonian Mazaeus . Shortly aftwards, his successor was expelled by Alexander the Great . See also Cilicia ukurova Adana Cilician Gates References http www.livius.org cg cm cilicia cilicia.html Cilicia Category Cilicia hr Cilicija satrapija sh Kilikija satrapija ... more details
Infobox Single See Wikipedia WikiProject Songs Name Special Kinda Love Cover JetsSpecialKindaLove.jpg Cover size Border Caption Artist The Jets 1980s pop band The Jets Album The Best of The Jets A side B side Special Kinda Love House vocal version Released 1990 Format 12 Recorded Genre Dance pop Length 5 05 Label MCA Records Writer Vassal Benford, Ron Spearman Producer Vassal Benford Audio sample? Certification Last single Somebody to Love Me br 1990 This single Special Kinda Love br 1990 Next single Misc Special Kinda Love is the title of a song by the American dance pop sibling group, The Jets 1980s pop band The Jets . It was written by Vassal Benford. Released as a single music single from The Jets greatest hits album The Best of The Jets , the song was not nearly as successful as some other recordings by the group. It only reached 83 on the Hot R&B Hip Hop Songs R&B chart , but had some success on the Hot Dance Club Play dance chart , peaking at number 8. Chart performance class wikitable Chart 1990 Peak br position U.S. Billboard Hot R&B Singles align center 83 U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Club Play align center 8 Category 1990 singles Category The Jets songs 1990s pop song stub The Jets ... more details
Autlan was a corregidor and alcaldia mayor of New Spain . It had its captial at what is now Autl n, Jalisco , but stretched southward to the coast at Puerto de la Navidad and northward into the interior as far as Ameca, Jalisco . This area was inhabited by many diverse people prior to the Spanish incursion. Among them were speakers of Western Otomi languages , Bapame , Auteco language Auteco , Cuyoteco , Otontlatolli , Cazcan and Totonac . At the time of the Spanish incursion the area was divided between the states of Ahuacapan , Ameca state Ameca , Apimila Coyutla , Aohtlan , Atenco state Atenco , Axotla , Ayaoquila , Ayotitlan , Ayotlan with vassel territories at Tlepantequipa and Tenamaxtlan , Chipiltitlan , Cichuatlan , Cuetzalan state Cuetzalan , Epatalan with vassal domains at Tetlixtla and Tzoquitlan , Instlichanga , Ixtlahuacan state Ixtlahuacan , Maloastla , Milpa state Milpa vassal domains at Aohtlan and Tlacapatlan , Mixtlan state Mixtlan , Nocheztlan , Ocuiltepec , Tequecistalan vassel domain at Acautlan , Tenamaxtlan , Tecolotla , Tecuxuacan , Teutlichanga vassel domain at Tomatlan state Tomatlan , Tlacaltexcal vassal domains at Acapangal , Cuitlatlan and Zacapala , Tlacanahuac , Tlaquexpan , Tlilan , Xalipanga , Xiquitlan and Xonacatlan state Xonacatlan . The Spanish captured all these states in 1523 1524. The corrigemento was established in 1534. For a short time Ameca and Tenamastlan were separate alcaldia mayores, then for a few years after 1601 a joint alcaldia mayor, but then they were united with this domain. Sources Gerhard, Peter. Guide to the Historical Geography of New Spain . Camidge University Press, 1972. p. 58 61. Category 1534 establishments Category History of Mexico ... more details
Throughout the history of the Muslim world there have been a number of Mamluk dynasties The Mamluk Sultanate Delhi Mamluk dynasty of Delhi ruled India between 1211 and 1290 The Mamluk dynasty of Baghdad ruled that city and the surrounding areas until 1832 There were two Mamluk Sultanate Cairo Egyptian Mamluk dynasties , the Bahri dynasty from 1250 to 1382 and the Burgi dynasty from 1382 until 1517. Mamluk rule as a vassal of the Ottoman Empire continued in Egypt until 1811. See also History of Ottoman Egypt . disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Salmanu was king of Moab during the reign of the Assyria n king Tiglath Pileser III ruled 745 BCE 745 727 BCE . He is mentioned in a clay inscription found in Nimrud as a vassal of Assyria. Eberhard Schrader theorized that he might be identical with the Shalman who waged war on Israel and sacked Beth arbel Hosea x. 14 though other scholars identify Shalman with one of the Assyrian kings named Shalmaneser . Category Moab ... more details
Shobi ben Nahash was the son of King Nahash of Ammon Nahash of Ammon nation Ammon and brother of his successor Hanun . When Hanun was deposed by the Israelites under King David , Shobi was made king of Ammon in Hanun s place and became a loyal vassal of David s. See 2 Samuel 17 27 , I Chronicles 19. Category Ammon Category Hebrew Bible MEast royal stub ... more details
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