Unreferenced date December 2009 In life insurance , value of in force is the present value of the Profit accounting profits that will emerge from a block of life insurance policies over time. The value of in force business is the present value of expected future earnings on in force business less the present value cost of holding capital required to support the in force business. DEFAULTSORT Value Of In Force Category Insurance Econ stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The value of control is a quantitiative measure of the value of controlling the outcome of an uncertainty variable . Decision analysis provides a means for calculating the value of both perfect and imperfect control . The former value, informally known as the value of wizardry , is an upper bound for the latter. Obtaining meaningful value of control measurements requires an awareness of important restrictions concerning the nature of free will and the meaning of counterfactual statements on the validity of this kind of analysis. See also Value of information Decision wizard Wizard Philo stub DEFAULTSORT Value Of Control Category Value Category Free will ... more details
Real value may refer to Real versus nominal value , real values are the actual values of something while nominal values are the stated values of something Real versus nominal value economics , nominal values are the face value of currency over long periods of time years , whereas real values have been corrected for inflation disambig ... more details
R value can refer to Properties of materials R value insulation , the efficiency of insulation of a house R value soils , stability of soils and aggregates for pavement construction value computer science r value , in computer science, a value that does not have an address in a computer language R factor crystallography , a measure of the agreement between the crystallographic model and the diffraction data In statistics, r or r value refers to the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient , often called simply correlation coefficient In the physical sciences, the gas constant is often denoted by the symbol R In ophthalmic optics, r value refers to the distance between the segment optical center and the segment top See also L value disambiguation disambig ... more details
Value in use is the net present value NPV of a cash flow or other benefits that an asset generates for a specific owner under a specific use. In the U.S., it is generally estimated at a use which is less than highest and best use, and therefore it is generally lower than market value . When a particular user enjoys special benefits, such as extraordinary financing, agglomeration benefits, or grandfathered zoning, then the value may be higher than market value , and the value is considered to be an investment value . International Valuation Standards The current edition of International Valuation Standards Committee International Valuation Standards IVS 2007 re states the IFRS International Financial Reporting Standards definition of value in use , which would allow for either a higher value than market value or a lower value than market valueValue in Use The present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from an asset or a cash generating unit ref PDF http www.ivsc.org pubs exp drafts ivs2.pdf Exposure Draft of Proposed Revised International Valuation Standard 2 Bases Other than Market Value, June, 2006 204 Kibibyte KiB application pdf, 209584 bytes ref . As defined in IVS2, investment value is the valuation equivalent of the accounting accountancy concept of value in use. Whereas IFRS s define the accountancy concepts of fair value and value in use in operational terms, IVSs define Market Value and Investment Value by way of generalised definitions. References references DEFAULTSORT Value In Use Category Real estate valuation Category Valuation Category Mortgage econ theory stub de Value in use ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2009 Equity value is the value of a company available to owners or shareholders. It is the enterprise value plus all cash and cash equivalents, short and long term investments, and less all money market short term debt , long term debt and minority interests. Equity value accounts for all the ownership interest in a firm including the value of unexercised stock options and securities convertible to equity. From a mergers and acquisitions academic perspective, equity value differs from market capitalization or market value in that it incorporates all equity interests in a firm whereas market capitalization or market value only reflects those common shares currently outstanding. Calculating Equity Value Equity value can be calculated two ways, either the intrinsic value method, or the fair market value method. The intrinsic value method is calculated as follows Equity Value Market capitalization Amount that in the money stock options are in the money Value of Stock equity issued from in the money convertible security convertible securities Proceeds from the conversion of convertible securities The fair market value method is as follows Equity Value Market capitalization fair value of all stock Option finance options in the money and out of the money , calculated using the Black Scholes formula or a similar method Value of convertible security convertible securities in excess of what the same securities would be valued without the conversion attribute The fair market value method more accurately captures the value of out of the money securities. stock market Category Mathematical finance Category Fundamental analysis econ stub de Equity Value ... more details
In philosophy, value is a property of object philosophy objects , including physical object s as well as abstract object s e.g. Action philosophy actions , representing their degree of importance or worth. fact date February 2012 The study of it is included in value theory . An object with philosophic value may be termed an ethic or philosophic good . Similar concepts Philosophic value is sometimes used synonymously with goodness . However, goodness has many other meanings as well. Ethic value Main Ethic value Similar to that ethics may be regarded as a subfield of philosophy, ethic value may be regarded as a subgroup of philosophic value . Ethic value denotes something s degree of importance, with the aim of determining what action or life is best to do, or at least attempt to describe the value of different actions. It may be described as treating actions themselves as abstract objects, putting value to them. It deals with right conduct and good life, in the sense that a highly, or at least relatively highly, valuable action or may be regarded as good , and an action of low, or at least relatively low, value may be regarded as bad . See also Meaning of life Purpose in life Intrinsic value ethics Instrumental value Category Value fi Arvo pt Valor filosofia simple Good philosophy sk Hodnota filozofia ... more details
Value conversion is the act of converting one type of value or financial instrument into another type of negotiable value. In the securities profession the definition of conversion value is very narrowly defined as the positive difference between the market price of a convertible security and the price at which it is convertible. The larger topic of Value conversion is relevant to the managing of intangible assets or intellectual capital . It refers to the act of transforming financial to non financial value or an intangible asset into a financial asset. Intangible asset management has largely focused on valuation of intangible assets like trying to assign a financial value to an asset such as reputation. The theme of value conversion also runs through social exchange theory and more classical views of exchange value . References 1 Allee, Verna. Value Network Analysis and Value Conversion of Tangible and Intangible Assets, Journal of Intellectual Capital. ISSN , Publisher Emerald Insights, Year 2008, Volume 9, Issue 1, Page 5 24, Digital Object Identifier, doi 10.1108 14691930810845777 Econ stub Category Capital ... more details
Function value may refer to In mathematics, the value of a function mathematics function when applied to an argument In computer science, a closure computer science closure disambiguation ... more details
Citations missing date August 2009 Other uses Value disambiguation In ethics , value is a property of object ... actions , representing their degree of importance . Ethic value denotes something s degree ... attempt to describe the value of different actions Axiology . It may be described as treating actions themselves as abstract objects, putting value to them. It deals with right conduct and good ... as ethically good adjective sense , and an action of low, or at least relatively low, value may be regarded ... it increases, decreases or alters. An object with ethic value may be termed an ethic or philosophic good noun sense . Study Ethical value may be regarded as a study under ethics , which, in turn, may ... value may be regarded as a subgroup of the more broad and vague philosophic value . Ethical value ..., or at least attempt to describe the value of different actions. It may be described as treating actions themselves as abstract objects, putting value to them. It deals with right conduct and good ... as good , and an action of low, or at least relatively low, value may be regarded as bad . The study of ethical value is also included in value theory . Similar concepts Ethical value is sometimes used ... be regarded as more ambiguous. Absolute and relative See Value personal and cultural There is a distinction between relative or personal or cultural value and absolute or noumenal value not to be confused with mathematical absolute value . Relative value is subjective, depending on individual and cultural views, and is therefore synonymous with personal and cultural value . Absolute value, on the other ... views, as well as independent of whether it is apprehended or not. Relative value may be regarded as an experience by Subject philosophy subjects of the absolute value. Relative value thus varies with individual and cultural interpretation, while absolute value remains constant, regardless of individual or collective experience of it. Relative value may be explained as an assumption from which ... more details
Economics sidebar An economic value is the worth of a goods economics good or service economics service ..., Basic Economic Concepts , definition Value . ref The economic value of a good or service has puzzled economists since the beginning of the discipline. First, economists tried to estimate the value ... this analysis came the concepts use valuevalue in use and exchange valuevalue in exchange . Wealth ..., where the amount given up is the least. Value is linked to price through the mechanism of Financial transaction exchange . When an economist observes an exchange, two important value functions .... Additional information about value is obtained by the rate at which transactions occur, telling observers the extent to which the purchase of the good has value over time. Said another way, value ... theory there are differing metrics for value assessment and the metrics are the subject of a Theory of value economics Theory of Value . Value theories are a large part of the differences and disagreements ... , the value of an object or service is often seen as nothing but the price it would bring in an open ... and demand supply . Many neoclassical economic theories equate the value of a commodity with its ... to set a price then there is no economic value. In classical economics , the value ... of an object or condition Labor Theory Of Value Labor Theory of Value . Though exchange value is recognized, economic value is not, in theory, dependent on the existence of a market and price and value ... price and labor value. Karl Marx , for one, saw exchange value as the form of appearance Erscheinungsform of value, which implies that, although value is separate from exchange value, it is meaningless ... that value refers to the innate worth of a commodity, which determines the normal equilibrium ... prices and Karl Marx called prices of production . It is part of a cost of production theory of value and price. Ricardo, but not Keen, used a labor theory of value labor theory of price in which ... more details
prices As of 2009 alt as of November 14, 2009 and yet has a face value of only 50 USD. Overview The face value of Bond finance bonds usually represents the Debt principal or redemption value . Interest payments are expressed as a percentage of face value. Before maturity, the actual value of a bond may be greater or less than face value, depending on the interest rate payable and the perceived risk of Default finance default . As bonds approach Maturity finance maturity , actual value approaches face value. In the case of stock certificates, face value is the par value of the stock. In the case of common stock , par value is largely symbolic. In the case of preferred stock , dividends may be expressed as a percentage of par value. The face value of a life insurance policy is the death ..., the beneficiary receives double the face value in case of accidental death. The face value of Property ... amount payable, as stated on the policy s face or declarations page. Face value can be used to refer to the apparent value of something other than a financial instrument, such as a concept or plan. In this context, face value refers to the apparent merits of the idea, before the concept or plan has been tested. Face value also refers to the price printed on a ticket to a sporting event, concert, or other ... jurisdictions, re selling tickets for more than face value or a certain amount above face value constitutes ticket scalping and is illegal. Taking someone at face value is assuming another person ... postage stamp Melt value Par value Place value References reflist Category Numismatics Category Philatelic ... more details
A value proposition is a promise of value economics value to be delivered and a belief from the customer of value economics value that will be experienced. A value proposition can apply to an entire organization, or parts thereof, or customer accounts, or products or services. Creating a value proposition ... customer value proposition. Satisfying customers is the source of sustainable value creation. ref Kaplan, pg. 10 ref Developing a value proposition is based on a review and analysis of the Cost benefit analysis benefits , Economic cost cost s and Value economics value that an organization ... groups within and outside the organization. It is also a positioning of value, where Value economics Value Cost benefit analysis Benefits Cost cost includes risk . ref Barnes, pg. 28 ref Models One model, the Value Proposition Builder for creating a value proposition states six stages to the analysis ref Barnes, pg. 30 ref Market for which market is the value proposition being created? Value experience or customer experience what does the market value most? The effectiveness of the value proposition ... or service? Proof what evidence is there to substantiate your value proposition ? Neil Rackham believes that a value proposition statement should consist of four main parts capability, impact, proof ... and Capture Customer Value, McGraw Hill, 1999. ISBN 0 07 134253 2 ref Organizations do not directly communicate the outputs of the value proposition creation process i.e., the value proposition ... Value, Basic Books, 1998. ISBN 0 7382 0162 6 ref value proposition statements are internal documents ... and outside the organization, are consistent. Some of the ways that organizations use value propositions ..., James Kumar, Nirmalya Narus, James. Value Merchants, Harvard Business School Press, 2007. ISBN 1 4221 0335 8 ref Strategy and marketing Organizations can use value propositions to position value to a range ... value proposition . business partner Partners to persuade them to forge a strategic alliance ... more details
In management, business value is an informal term that includes all forms of value that determine the health and well being of the firm in the long run. Business value expands concept of value of the firm beyond economic value also known as economic profit , Economic value added , and Shareholder value to include other forms of value such as employee value, customer value, supplier value, channel partner value, alliance partner value, managerial value, and societal value. Many of these forms of value are not directly measured in monetary terms. Business value often embraces intangible asset s not necessarily ... methods for measuring and managing business value. Philosophy The concept of business value aligned .... These networks are sometimes called a Value network or Value chain . Each node in the network ..., or the environment itself. In a Value network , value creation is viewed as a collaborative, creative ... is viewed as a network of value creating entities, then the question becomes how does each node ... value. Even when nodes in the network are not fully independent e.g. employees , it s assumed that incentives ... be very desirable to translate all forms of business value to a single economic measure e.g. ... impossible. Therefore, advocates of business value believe that the best approach is to measure and manage multiple forms of value as they apply to each stakeholder group. As of yet, there are no well formed theories about how the various elements of business value are related to each other ... value as the proper goal of a firm, especially that a firm should create value for customers, employees ... setting and decision making tool to help managers at all levels create business value. However, he was skeptical that the dynamics of business value could ever be formalized, at least not with current methods. Michael Porter popularized the concept of Value Chain . Components of Business Value Shareholder Value For a publicly traded company, shareholder value is the part of its capitalization ... more details
Lincoln douglasdebate A Value Premise is a component of high school Lincoln Douglas Debate case structure. The value is usually a statement which one side is attempting to achieve throughout the debate. In general, the side that best upholds his or her value premise, which was adequately defended, wins the debate. The value premise is sometimes referred to as the value or simply vp . The value premise is not to be confused with the value criterion , which is the specific means of achieving the value premise. Purpose As Jason Baldwin explains in Logic in LD , the value premise is supposed to provide ... Ld1204Baldwin Logic in LD ref The value structure s purpose is to provide an overarching goal for both the affirmative and the negative to achieve. The value premise is not explicitly stated in the resolution, but many debaters use terms from the Lincoln Douglas Debate resolution as their value ..., some debaters may use justice as the value premise for the round, because the resolution ... value premises or value premises obtained from the resolution will be prepared for by other opponents, however, due to many resolutions question the morality or justice of certain actions, the value premise is most commonly agreed to be justice or some variant. The debate then centers on the Value Criterion, or the way of achieving or best maximizing the value. The value premise is intended to be a non ... support. Strategy The value premise may or may not be agreed upon throughout the entire debate by the affirmative and negative sides. Because the resolution does not explicitly state that a certain value premise must be used, debaters often must debate which value premise should be used to evaluate the round. In order to support the affirmative or negative side s value premise, debaters attempt to prove why their value premise is more relevant to the resolution, or why their opponent s value premise is inferior to their own. In some cases, debaters who have chosen common value premises may agree ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Residual value is one of the constituents of a leasing calculus or operation. It describes the future value of a good in terms of percentage of depreciation of its initial value. Example A Honda is sold at a list price of 20,000 today. After a usage of 36 months and 50,000 miles its value is contractually defined as 50 or 10,000. The credited amount, on which the interest is applied, thus is 20,000 present value minus 10,000 future value. Residual values are contractually dealt with either in terms of closed contract s or open contract s. In accounting, residual value is another name for salvage value , the remaining value of an asset after it has been fully depreciated. The residual value derives its calculation from a base price, calculated after depreciation . Residual values are calculated using a number of factors, generally a vehicles market value for the term and mileage required is the start point for the calculation, followed by seasonality, monthly adjustment, lifecycle and disposal performance. The leasing company setting the residual values RVs will use their own historical information to insert the adjustment factors within the calculation to set the end value being the residual value. In accounting, the residual value could be defined as an estimated amount that an entity can obtain when disposing of an asset after its useful life has ended. When doing this the estimated costs of disposing of the asset should be deducted. The formula to calculate the residual value can be seen with the next example A company owns a machine which was bought for 20,000 . This machine has a useful life of five years which has just ended. The company knows that if it sells the machine now it will be able to recover 10 of the price of acquisition. Therefore, the residual value would be math Residual value 10 times 20,000 2,000 math DEFAULTSORT Residual Value Category Business economics Category Leasing Econ stub hu Maradv ny rt k ... more details
unsourced date November 2007 In the field of economics , the commodity value of a economic good good is its free market Intrinsic value ethics intrinsic value under optimal use conditions. In a free market, the commodity value of a good will be reflected by its price. For example, if an acre of land can yield a net of 100 dollars loss by lying fallow , 50 dollars gain by being planted with corn, and 100 dollars gain by being planted with wheat, then that acre s commodity value is 100 dollars the farmer is assumed to put his land to best use. Currency Commodity value is of particular significance in the study of currency. For example, the commodity value of a coin is the value of the metal of which it is made. Gold and silver coins have a high commodity value, whereas fiat money fiat coins such as modern day Quarter United States coin quarters have a low commodity value. This is of particular historical relevance when analyzed in light of Gresham s Law . Debt Asset backed debt has a commodity value equal to the price of the Collateral finance collateral a loan backed by a house has a commodity value equal to the free market price of the house. Non collateralized debt, on the other hand, does not have a commodity value it is valuable only insofar as it is repaid. Investment Commodity value is an important consideration in hedging against inflation . Whereas fiat currencies can devalue, often hyperinflation catastrophically , currencies with considerable commodity value are known to better maintain their value a government can print as many fiat bills as it wants with relative ease, the same is not true of mining precious metals . This leads some investors to purchase goods and debts with high commodity value, which are inherently safer than those with low, or no commodity value, minimizing risk by sacrificing potential return. See also Gold as an investment Category Commodities used as an investment Category Business terms economic term stub ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2009 context February 2009 confusing February 2008 wikify December 2010 Linguistic value is a term used in knowledge representation . It is simply knowledge from an expert s in a particular field that contains no nominal value, just knowledge. That knowledge is given a nominal value for use as a point of reference. Example of Linguistic Value For example, if a shuttle heat shield is deemed of having a linguistic value of a very low percentage of damage in re entry, based upon knowledge from experts in the field, that probability would be given a value of say, 5 . From there on out, if it were to be used in an equation, the variable of percentage of damage will be at 5 if it deemed very low percentage. References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Linguistic Value Category Knowledge representation AI stub ... more details
Mergeto Value added discuss Talk Value added Added value merge date November 2011 One source date June 2010 Added value in financial analysis of shares is to be distinguished from value added . Used as a measure of shareholder value , calculated using the formula Added Value Price that the product service is sold at cost of producing the product Added Value can also be defined as the difference between a particular product s final selling price and the direct and indirect input used in making that particular product. The difference is profit for the firm and its shareholders after all the costs and taxes owed by the business have been paid for that financial year. Value added or any related measure may help investors decide if this a business that is worthwhile investing on, or that there are other and better opportunities fixed deposit s, debenture s . EXAMPLE A A retailer, such as a jeweler could present items in an attractive display, create a luxury feel to the shop and offer a gift wrapping service. This could make the customers more willing to pay higher prices as they think that the products are of higher quality. For other consultancy measures for shareholder value, see Economic Value Added Market value added . References John Kay Kay, J . 1993 Foundations of Corporate Success , Oxford Oxford University Press. Category Financial economics tr Katma de er zh ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2009 Par value , in finance and accounting , means stated value or face value . From this comes the expressions at par at the par value , over par over par value and under par under par value . The term yew value has several meanings depending on context and geography. Bonds ... issue value or its value upon redemption at maturity. This amount is typically 1000 per bond. Stock Par value stock has no relation to market value and, as a concept, is somewhat archaic. The par value of a share of stock is the value stated in the corporate charter below which shares of that class ... par value, so investors can be confident that no one else will receive a more favorable issue price. Thus, par value is the nominal value of a security which is determined by the issuing company ... markets that exist today. Par value also has bookkeeping purposes. It allows the company to put a de minimis value for the stock on the company s financial statement. Many common stock s issued today ... a penny par value on a stock issued at USD 25 share. Most states do not allow a company to issue stock below par value. Even in jurisdictions that permit the issue of stock with no par value, the par value of a stock may affect its tax treatment. For example, Delaware permits the issue of stock either with or without a par value, but by choosing to assign a par value, a corporation may significantly ... have no par value printed on their certificates. Instead of par value, some U.S. states allow no par stocks to have a stated value, set by the board of directors of the corporation, which serves the same purpose as par value in setting the minimum legal capital that the corporation must have after paying any dividends or buying back its stock. Also, par value still matters for a callable common ... of the reverse of a convertible bond . the call price is usually either par value or a small fixed percentage over par value. In the Economy of the United States United States , it is legal for a corporation ... more details
Essay like date July 2010 Marketing The value of a product business product is the mental estimation a consumer makes of it. Formally it may be conceptualized as the Mathematical relationship relationship .... It is often expressed as the equation Value Benefits Cost Value is thus subjective i.e., a function ... . There are parallels between anthropological theories of value cultural expectations and consumer ... States the value in the marketplace varies from place to place as well as from market to market. For a firm to deliver value to its customers, they must consider what is known as the total .... Value can thus be defined as the relationship of a firm s market offerings to those of its competitors. Value in marketing can be defined by both qualitative data qualitative and Quantitative data quantitative measures. On the qualitative side, value is the perceived gain composed of individual s emotional .... On the quantitative side, value is the actual gain measured in terms of financial numbers, percentages, and dollars . For an individual to deliver value, one has to grow his or her knowledge and skill ... to deliver value, it has to improve its value cost ratio. When an organization delivers high value at high price, the perceived value may be low. When it delivers high value at low price, the perceived value may be high. The key to deliver high perceived value is attaching value to each ... helping them to solve a problem, offering a solution, giving results, and making them happy. Value ... energy exchange between people and organizations in our marketplace. Methods Shareholder valueValue economics References Peter Doyle Value Based Marketing Marketing Strategies for Corporate Growth and Shareholder Value . Wiley, 2000. Raquel S nchez Fern ndez and M. ngeles Iniesta Bonillo, The concept of perceived value a systematic review of the research, Marketing Theory 7 2007 , 427 451 ... value. Information & Management 44 1 63 73. Category Marketing Econ stub ... more details
Marketing Refimprove date June 2008 In marketing , value migration is the shifting of value creating forces. Value migrates from outmoded business model s to business designs that are better able to satisfy customers priorities. Marketing Marketing strategy is the art of creating Value marketing value for the customer . This can only be done by offering a product business product or Service economics service that corresponds to customer needs. In a fast changing environmental scanning business environment , the factors that determine value are constantly changing. Adrian Slywotzky described value migration in his 1996 book. Three types Value flows between industries example from airlines to entertainment Value flows between companies example from Corel WordPerfect to Microsoft Value flows between business designs within a company example from IBM mainframe computers to IBM PC s with system integration Three stages Value inflow stage value is absorbed from other companies or industries Value stability stage competitive equilibrium with stable market shares and stable profit margins Value outflow stage companies lose value to other parts of the industry reduced profit margins loss of market share outflow of talent and other resources The value chain is the sum of all activities that add utility to the customer. Parts of the value chain will be internal to the company, while others ... affects other activities in the chain. To optimize a value chain, the linkages must be well coordinated. The calculation of value migration is more difficult than it would at first seem. Value ... market value of the firm is used as a proxy. Relative market value defined as Market capitalization ... value. See also Business model s Competitive advantage Core competency Marketing Strategic management References 1996 Adrian Slywotzky . Value Migration How to Think Several Moves Ahead of the Competition ... Management Category Value Migration es Migraci n de valor ... more details
about the concept of sign value as recognized by sociologists and economists numeral signs having additive values Sign value notation a representation of signed numbers in computers Signed number representations In sociology or economics , sign value is the value accorded to an object because of how it impacts the social status of the possessor, as opposed to the value derived from use for its primary purpose. For instance, a potential purchaser may value a Rolls Royce car Rolls Royce limousine partially because it represents a means of transportation and partially because it signifies his wealth to other members of society. The former is the primary function of the limousine giving rise to use value the latter, the sign function. The theory of sign value was first advanced by French sociologist Jean Baudrillard , as a counterpart to the dichotomy of exchange vs. use value recognized by Marx. ref cite web url http plato.stanford.edu entries baudrillard 1 title Jean Baudrillard work Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy date 2008 12 24 ref In popular culture In The Sims , pieces of furniture and interior decorations are labeled with a room enhancing value which may be treated as a form of sign value. ref cite web url http gamestudies.org 0601 articles paulk title Gamestudies Signifying Play The Sims and the Sociology of Interior Design date 2008 12 24 ref References references Category Sociological terms ... more details
Redemption value is the price at which the issuing company may choose to repurchase a Security finance security before its maturity date. ref name manage cite web url http www.12manage.com description redemption value.html title Redemption Value accessdate November 12, 2007 ref A bond is purchased at a discount if its redemption value exceeds its purchase price. It is purchased at a premium if its purchase price exceeds its redemption value. ref name manage References Reflist cite web url http www.lse.co.uk financeglossary.asp?searchTerm redemption&iArticleID 582&definition redemption value title Redemption value Definition accessdate November 12, 2007 econ stub Category Bonds ... more details
Not to be confused with d value, pronounced dee prime value. D value may refer to D value microbiology the decimal reduction time , the time required at a certain temperature to kill 90 of the organisms being studied D value meterology in meteorology refers to the deviation of actual altitude along a constant pressure surface from the standard atmosphere altitude of that surface. D value transport a rating in kN that is typically attributed to mechanical couplings Cohen s d in statistics The expected difference between the mean s between an experimental group and a control group , divided by the expected standard deviation . It is used in estimations of necessary sample sizes of experiments. disambig Category Units of time ... more details
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