otheruses Stipe disambiguation Image Helicteres Yucat n Flowers.jpg thumb The long stipe of a Helicteres flower In botany , a stipe is a stalk that supports some other structure. ref cite web url http www.ucmp.berkeley.edu glossary glossary 8.html title UCMP Glossary Botany publisher University of California Museum of Paleontology accessdate 2009 03 09 ref The precise meaning is different depending on which taxonomic group is being described. In the case of fern s, the stipe is only the Petiole botany petiole from the rootstock to the beginning of the leaf tissue, or lamina. The continuation of the structure within the lamina is then termed a rachis . In flowering plants, the term is often used in reference to a stalk that sometimes supports a flower s ovary plants ovary . In orchid s, the stipe or caudicle is the stalk like support of the pollinium pollinia . It is a non viscid band or strap connecting the pollinia with the viscidium the viscid part of the rostellum or beak . Image Phalaenopsis orchid Stipe.jpg thumb An orchid s stipe Image Cyathea medullaris.jpg thumb left 180px Hexagonal stipe bases of Cyathea medullaris File Bregne skjematisk.PNG thumb The stipe of this fern leaf is labelled Skjell A stipe is also a structure found in a number of organisms that are studied by botanists but that are no longer classified as plants. It may be the stem like part of the thallus tissue thallus of a mushroom or a seaweed , and is particularly common among brown algae such as kelp . The stipe of a kelp often contains a central region of cells that, like the phloem of vascular plants, serves to transport nutrients within the alga. See also Stipe mycology . A stipe is also the stalk supporting the fruiting body of some fungus fungi . References reflist botany stub Category Plant anatomy Category Plant morphology es Estipe io Stipo pt Espique ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Cheilanthes viscida regnum Plant ae divisio Pteridophyta classis Polypodiopsida ordo Polypodiales familia Pteridaceae genus Cheilanthes species C. viscida binomial Cheilanthes viscida binomial authority George Edward Davenport Davenp. Cheilanthes viscida is a species of Cheilanthes lip fern known by the common names viscid lip fern and viscid lace fern . It is native to southern California , where it is an uncommon member of the flora in rocky areas in the region where the coastal mountains meet the deserts. Its distribution extends into Baja California . This fern produces frilly leaves up to about 30 centimeters long, each divided into segments which are subdivided, the ultimate segments just a few millimeters long and widely lance shaped to oblong. The leaf segments bear resin glands which exude a very sticky, clear fluid. The leaves are also somewhat hairy. The leaf segments have curled edges along which are located the sorus sori with their brown sporangium sporangia . External links http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?92,106,115 Jepson Manual Treatment http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol CHVI2 USDA Plants Profile http www.efloras.org florataxon.aspx?flora id 1&taxon id 233500367 Flora of North America http calphotos.berkeley.edu cgi img query?query src photos index&where taxon Cheilanthes viscida Photo gallery Category Cheilanthes viscida Category Ferns of California Category Fern species Category Flora of Baja California Category Flora of California chaparral and woodlands fern stub ... more details
Image Regenwurm1.jpg 200 px right Unreferenced date February 2008 The clitellum is a thickened gland ular section of the body wall in earthworm s and leeches , that secretes a viscid sac in which the eggs are deposited. It is present about convert 2 cm behind the anterior end of the body around 14th, 15th and 16th segments . A clitellum is part of the reproductive system of clitellates, a subgroup of annelids which contains oligochaetes earthworms and hirudineans leeches . The clitellum is a thick, saddle like, ring found in the epidermis skin of the worm, usually with a light colored pigment. To form a cocoon for its eggs, the clitellum secretes a viscous fluid. This organ is used in sexual reproduction of some annelids. The clitellum becomes apparent in mature annelids but may be hard to locate visually in younger annelids. In leeches, it appears seasonally. Its color is usually slightly lighter than that of the body of the annelid. Occasionally, living segments of the worm will be shed with the clitellum. See also Earthworm Reproduction Earthworm reproduction References reflist Category annelid anatomy annelid stub animal anatomy stub es Clitelo fa fr Clitellum gl Clitelo pl Klitellum pt Clitelo ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Cortinarius ponderosus image Cortinarius ponderosus.jpg image width 200px regnum Fungus Fungi divisio Basidiomycota classis Basidiomycetes subclassis Agaricomycetidae ordo Agaricales familia Cortinariaceae genus Cortinarius species C. ponderosus binomial Cortinarius ponderosus binomial authority Alexander H. Smith , 1939 mycomorphbox name Cortinarius ponderosus whichGills adnate capShape convex hymeniumType gills stipeCharacter bare ecologicalType mycorrhizal sporePrintColor yellow howEdible unknown Cortinarius ponderosus , also known as the Ponderous Cortinarius , is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Cortinarius . It is very large and due to its thick stem it can be mistaken for Boletus edulis . Description This mushroom is one of the largest mushrooms in the genus Cortinarius , with a convex cap that ranges from 8 to 38 cm across and becomes plane in age. It often has an olive metallic tinge, and the surface is viscid, often with small rusty brown scales. The margin is ocher and remains inrolled until the mushroom is fully mature. The flesh of the mushroom is white, thick and firm. The gills are rusty brown, wikt adnate adnate and slightly wikt decurrent decurrent . The stalk is thick and bulbous at the base. It has a slimy yellow universal veil, and the Partial veil cortina leaves a rusty brown hairy area on the upper stalk. See also Portal Fungi List of Cortinarius species List of Cortinarius species References http mushroomhobby.com Gallery Cortinarius Cortinarius ponderosus.htm MushroomHobby Cortinarius ponderosus http mushroomobserver.org observer show name 711 Cortinarius ponderosus photo http www.wildrockies.org Fungal Jungal cortpond.htm Cortinarius ponderosus info DEFAULTSORT Cortinarius ponderosus Category Cortinarius ponderosus Category Fungi of North America ... more details
Italic title Italic title Taxobox name Panaeolus africanus image regnum Fungi phylum Basidiomycota classis Hymenomycetes ordo Agaricales familia Bolbitiaceae genus Panaeolus species P. africanus binomial Panaeolus africanus binomial authority Ola h mycomorphbox name Panaeolus africanus whichGills adnexed whichGills2 adnate capShape convex hymeniumType gills stipeCharacter bare ecologicalType saprotrophic sporePrintColor black howEdible unknown Panaeolus africanus is a little brown mushroom which contains small amounts of the hallucinogen psilocybin . It has been found in central Africa and southern Sudan . Description This is a little brown mushroom that grows on hippopotamus and elephant dung and has black spores. The cap is up to 2 cm in diameter, gray, conic, and often with scaly cracks. It is viscid when moist and the flesh is grey to white. The gills are grayish when young and turn black with a mottled appearance as the spores mature. The stem is 4 cm long by 5 mm thick, and is wikt pruinose pruinose at the top. The spores are black, rather variable, 13 x 9 micrometre m , and shaped like almonds. Macroscopically, this species resembles Panaeolus semiovatus var. phalaenarum Panaeolus semiovatus var. phalaenarum . See also Portal Fungi List of Panaeolus species List of Panaeolus species References Unreferenced date March 2009 cite book first Paul last Stamets year 1996 title Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World publisher Ten Speed Press location Berkeley id ISBN 0 9610798 0 0 External links http www.mushroomjohn.org panaeolusafricanus1.htm Mushroom John Panaeolus africanus Hallucinogenic mushrooms DEFAULTSORT Panaeolus africanus Category Entheogens Category Psychoactive fungi Category Panaeolus africanus Category Psychedelic tryptamine carriers Category Fungi of North America Category Fungi of Africa ... more details
taxobox regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Flowering plant Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Malvales familia Malvaceae subfamilia Malvoideae tribus Malveae genus Bastardia genus authority Carl Sigismund Kunth Kunth subdivision ranks Species subdivision See text Bastardia is a genus of flowering plant s in the Malva mallow family, Malvaceae . Selected species Bastardia angulata small Guill. & Perr. small Bastardia aristata small Turcz. small Bastardia berlandieri small A.Gray small Bastardia bivalvis small Cav. Carl Sigismund Kunth Kunth small &ndash Escoba Babosa Puerto Rico , the Virgin Islands Bastardia conferta small Garcke & K.Schum. small Bastardia elegans small K.Schum. small Bastardia foetida small Cav. Sweet small Bastardia guayaquilensis small Turcz. small Bastardia hirsutissima small Walp. small Bastardia limensis small R.E.Fr. small Bastardia macrophylla small Ulbr small Bastardia meringioides small Sess & Moc. small Bastardia parvifolia small Kunth small Bastardia plumosa small Presl K.Schum. small Bastardia triquetra small Morales small Bastardia violacea small Standl. small Bastardia viscosa small L. Kunth small &ndash Viscid Mallow Texas , Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Central America , Venezula , Colombia , Ecuador and Peru References wikispecies http www.ars grin.gov cgi bin npgs html genus.pl?1322 Germplasm Resources Information Network GRIN Bastardia http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol BASTA USDA PLANTS database Bastardia http mobot.mobot.org W3T Search vast.html Missouri Botanical Gardens VAST VAScular Tropicos nomenclatural database Category Malveae Malvales stub es Bastardia pt Bastardia ... more details
taxobox image Xerochrysum viscosum.jpg regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Asterales familia Asteraceae genus Xerochrysum species X. viscosum binomial Xerochrysum viscosum binomial authority Sieber ex Spreng. R.J.Bayer Xerochrysum viscosum synonymy syn. Bracteantha viscosa DC. Anderb., Helichrysum viscosum Sieber ex Spreng., Helichrysum bracteatum var. viscosum Sieber ex DC., Sticky everlasting is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae , native to Australia , growing in Victoria Australia Victoria and New South Wales . ref name Plantnet http plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au cgi bin NSWfl.pl?page nswfl&lvl sp&name Xerochrysum viscosum PlantNET Xerochrysum vicosum ref It is a sticky everlasting erect viscid herb. It is usually annual, though sometimes perennial, mainly flowers in spring and summer. ref name bidgeebush cite book title Bidgee bush an identification guide to common native plant species of the south western slopes of New South Wales last Walker first Karen authorlink coauthors Burrows, Geoff McMahon, Lynne year 2001 publisher Greening Australia location Yarralumla, Australian Capital Territory isbn 1 875345 61 2 page 92 accessdate 21 March 2010 ref The plant normally grows from convert 20 80 cm high, and is usually much branched. ref name bidgeebush Inflorescence bracts are papery and yellow in colour. ref name Plantnet References reflist External links Commonscat inline Category Xerochrysum viscosum Category Flora of New South Wales Category Flora of Victoria Australia gnaphalieae stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Psilocybe cyanofibrillosa image Psilocybe cyanofibrillosa.jpg image width 260px regnum Fungus Fungi divisio Basidiomycota classis Agaricomycetes ordo Agaricales familia Strophariaceae genus Psilocybe species P. cyanofibrillosa binomial Psilocybe cyanofibrillosa binomial authority Guzm n & Stamets synonyms Psilocybe rhododendronensis range map range map width 240px range map caption Range of Psilocybe cyanofibrillosa mycomorphbox name Psilocybe cyanofibrillosa whichGills adnate whichGills2 sinuate capShape convex capShape2 conical hymeniumType gills stipeCharacter bare ecologicalType saprotrophic sporePrintColor purple brown howEdible psychoactive Psilocybe cyanofibrillosa also known as Rhododendron Psilocybe and Blue Haired Psilocybe is a psilocybin mushroom of the Agaricales family , in the section Semilanceatae, having psilocybin and psilocin as main active compounds. First documented in 1980 in the Pacific Northwest , it is relatively uncommon and can be distinguished from other closely related species by its smaller spores and forking cheilocystidia . Psilocybe cyanescens also has forking cheilocystidia , but less often than Psilocybe cyanofibrillosa . Psilocybe cyanofibrillosa is also distinguished from Psilocybe cyanescens by an absence of pleurocystidia . The name of this species refers to the fibrils on the stipe that turn bluish in age, or when handled. This species is closely related to Psilocybe subfimetaria . Description Psilocybe cyanofibrillosa has a wikt farinaceous farinaceous smell and taste. Pileus The pileus mycology Pileus is 1.4 3.5 cm in diameter and conic to wikt convex convex to broadly convex then becoming flat in age. It is not usually wikt umbonate umbonate . The pileus is deep chestnut brown and hygrophanous , fading to yellowish brown or grayish white when dry. The surface is wikt viscid viscid when moist from the separable gelatinous pellicle biology pellicle . Gills The Lamella mycology gills are wikt adn ... more details
mm 3 in across. The cap surface is smooth, distinctly viscid when damp, bright lemon yellow to orange ..., cylindrical or compressed and grooved, cap coloured, and moist to somewhat viscid when damp. The spore ... glutinous stipe. Hygrocybe ceracea is also similarly coloured, but has a waxy not viscid ... more details
is very viscid when damp, striate at the margin, and pale greyish brown. The lamella mycology lamellae ... to and running down the stipe . The stipe mycology stipe stem is very viscid when damp, smooth ... more details
italic title refimprove date November 2009 Taxobox name Psilocybe caerulipes image Psilocybe Caerulipes.jpg image width 280px regnum Fungus Fungi divisio Basidiomycota classis Agaricomycetes ordo Agaricales familia Strophariaceae genus Psilocybe species P. caerulipes binomial Psilocybe caerulipes binomial authority Charles Horton Peck Peck synonyms Agaricus caerulipes range map Psilocybe caerulipes range map.jpg range map width 240px range map caption Range of Psilocybe caerulipes mycomorphbox name Psilocybe caerulipes whichGills adnate whichGills2 sinuate capShape convex capShape2 umbonate hymeniumType gills stipeCharacter bare ecologicalType saprotrophic sporePrintColor purple brown howEdible psychoactive Psilocybe caerulipes , commonly known as blue foot , is a rare psilocybin mushroom of the Strophariaceae family, having psilocybin and psilocin as main active compounds. An older synonym is Agaricus caerulipes . It is in the section Semilanceatae , other members of the section include Psilocybe bohemica , Psilocybe callosa , Psilocybe carbonaria , Psilocybe cyanofibrillosa , Psilocybe fimetaria , Psilocybe indica , Psilocybe liniformans var. liniformans , Psilocybe liniformans var. americana , Psilocybe pelliculosa , Psilocybe semiinconspicua , Psilocybe semilanceata , Psilocybe serbica , Psilocybe silvatica , Psilocybe subfimetaria and Psilocybe venenata . Etymology From the Latin words caerulea blue and pes foot . Description Psilocybe caerulipes has a farinaceous taste and a no to slightly farinaceous odor. The Stipe mycology cap is 1 3.5 cm in diameter, obtusely conic to wikt convex convex , and the margin is initially turned inwards, later becoming broadly convex to flattened or somewhat umbilicate while retaining a slight umbo, and at times quite irregular. The surface is wikt viscid viscid when moist from a gelatinous pellicle , but soon becomes dry and shiny, translucent striate, and decorated with fine wikt fibrillose fibrillose veil remnants near t ... more details
stack begin Taxobox image Cortinarius purpurascens 65102.jpg image width 235px regnum Fungus Fungi divisio Basidiomycota classis Basidiomycetes subclassis Agaricomycetidae ordo Agaricales familia Cortinariaceae genus Cortinarius subgenus Phlegmacium species C. purpurascens binomial Cortinarius purpurascens binomial authority Elias Magnus Fries Fr. synonyms ref ref name urlFungorum synonymy Cortinarius purpurascens synonyms Agaricus purpurascens small Fr. small br Cortinarius purpurascens var. largusoides small Bruno Cetto Cetto small br Phlegmacium purpurascens small Fr. Aldabert Ricken Ricken small mycomorphbox name Cortinarius purpurascens whichGills emarginate capShape convex hymeniumType gills stipeCharacter bare ecologicalType mycorrhizal sporePrintColor brown howEdible edible stack end Cortinarius purpurascens , also known as the bruising webcap , is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Cortinarius . The fruit bodies grow in groups on the ground in coniferous forest s, throughout the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere , including Europe and North America. Taxonomy The species was first described scientifically as Agaricus purpurascens by Elias Magnus Fries in 1818. ref name Fries1818 He later transferred it to the genus Cortinarius in 1838. ref name Fries1838 The species was also placed in the segregate genus Phlegmacium by Aldabert Ricken as P. purpurascens . ref name urlFungorum synonymy Cortinarius purpurascens The mushroom is common name commonly known as the bruising webcap . ref name EnglishCommonNames Description image Cortinarius purpurascens 65100.jpg thumb left The sticky caps may range in color from brownish to grayish blue. The pileus mycology cap is convert 3 10 cm in abbr on in diameter, initially convex before flattening out somewhat. The margin is rolled inward, and viscid, cuticle which is often slightly spotted, smooth and with small fugacious viscid concolorous flocci. The color varies from dirty brownish or brownish rust to ochre or ... more details
Taxobox image Podgrzybek zaj czek VIII 2005 2.jpg image width 234px regnum Fungus Fungi divisio Basidiomycota classis Agaricomycetes ordo Boletales familia Suillaceae genus Suillus species S. granulatus binomial Suillus granulatus binomial authority Carolus Linnaeus L. Henri Fran ois Anne de Roussel Roussel 1796 mycomorphbox name Suillus granulatus whichGills adnate whichGills2 decurrent capShape flat capShape2 convex hymeniumType pores stipeCharacter bare ecologicalType mycorrhizal sporePrintColor brown howEdible edible Suillus granulatus is a Boletales pored mushroom of the genus Suillus in the Suillaceae family. It is similar to the related Suillus luteus S. luteus , but can be distinguished by its ringless stipe mycology stalk . Like S. luteus , it is an edible mushroom that often grows in a symbiosis Mycorrhiza with pine . It has been commonly known as the weeping bolete , or the granulated bolete . Taxonomy Suillus is an ancient term for fungi, and is derived from the word swine . Granulatus means fine grain . ref name Arora2nd cite book author David Arora year 1986 title Mushrooms Demystified publisher Ten Speed Press isbn 0 89815 169 4 ref Description Image Suillus granulatus 1.jpg right thumb 200px Suillus granulatus showing milky droplets on pores. The orange brown, to brown yellow pileus mycology cap is viscid sticky when wet, and shiny when dry, and is usually 3 to 9 cm in diameter. The stipe mycology stem is pale yellow, of uniform thickness, with tiny brownish granules at the apex. It is without a annulus mycology ring . The tubes and pores are small, pale yellow, and exude pale milky droplets when young. The trama mycology flesh is also pale yellow. Distribution and habitat Grows with Pinus Pine trees on both calcareous and acid soils, and sometimes occurs in large numbers. It is common in Britain, Europe, and North America. A native to the northern hemisphere, it has also been introduced into Australia under Pinus radiata . Edibility Suillu ... more details
Image German static flamethrower mine.jpg right thumb A US soldier holds up a German static flamethrower, probably an Abwehrflammenwerfer 42. The Abwehrflammenwerfer 42 was a Germany German static defensive flamethrower , flame fougasse or flame mine used during the Second World War . The design was copied from Russian FOG 1 mines that were encountered in 1941 during Operation Barbarossa . These were usually buried at intervals of convert 12 to 30 yd m covering road blocks, landing beaches, harbor walls and other obstacles. They were normally mixed in with other mines or emplaced behind barbed wire and could be command detonated or triggered by tripwire s or other devices. The mine consisted of a large fuel cylinder convert 53 cm in high and convert 30 cm in with a capacity of convert 29.5 l containing a black viscid liquid, a mix of light, medium, and heavy oils. A second, smaller cylinder, convert 67 mm in diameter and convert 25 cm high, was mounted on top of the fuel cylinder it contains the propellent powder, which was normally either black powder or a mixture of nitrocellulose and diethylene glycol dinitrate . A flame tube was fixed centrally on top of the fuel cylinder, it was a convert 50 mm diameter pipe that rose from the centre of the fuel cylinder and curved to extend horizontally approximately convert 50 cm . When the mine was buried, normally only the flame tube was above ground. When the mine was triggered, a squib explosive squib charge ignited the propellant, creating a burst of hot gas which forced the fuel from the main cylinder and out of the flame tube. A second squib ignited the fuel as it passed out of the end of the flame tube. The projected stream of burning fuel was convert 4.5 m wide and convert 2.7 m high with a range of about convert 27 m , and lasted about 1.5 seconds. References TM E 30 451, Handbook on German Military Forces , War Department Flamethrowers of the German Army 1914 1945 by Fred Koch cite book last Westwood first David ti ... more details
Taxobox name Copelandia image Panaeolus.bispora.one.jpg image width 250px image caption Copelandia bispora regnum Fungus Fungi divisio Basidiomycota classis Agaricomycetes ordo Agaricales familia Bolbitiaceae genus Copelandia genus authority Giacomo Bresadola Bres. type species Copelandia papilionacea small Arthur Henry Reginald Buller Bull. Bres. small Copelandia is a genus of mushrooms consisting of at least 12 species. ref Rolf Singer ref Most Copelandia species have a long, thin fragile stem and are delicate, growing in grassland s on dead moss , dead grass, sand dunes, decayed wood, and Feces dung . They are found in the tropics and neotropics of both hemispheres. The Copelandia genus is a subgenus of Panaeolus created by Abb Giacomo Bresadola 1847 1929 in honor of Edwin Bingham Copeland 1873 1964 , an American who gathered fungi in the Philippines and sent some collections to Bresadola . Many American mycologist s place members of Panaeolus which stain blue into Copelandia , but many European mycologists use the genus Panaeolus instead. At the moment the species names of both genera are synonym s. Members of Copelandia are white to gray or tan, and the cap and stem stains blue due to the psilocin content. The cap is never viscid and often develops a cracked appearance as it dries out. None of the mushrooms in Copelandia have a partial veil and the gills always have thick walled wikt pseudocystidia pseudocystidia , often with crystals at the ends. wikt Chrysocystidia Chrysocystidia are never present. All species of Copelandia are known to contain the hallucinogens psilocin and psilocybin . http www.magic mushrooms.net World Wide Distribution of Magic Mushrooms.pdf Species list Copelandia affinis C. affinis E. Horak Copelandia bispora C. bispora Malen on & Bertault Rolf Singer Singer Copelandia cambodginiensis C. cambodginiensis Ola h & R. Heim Rolf Singer Singer Copelandia chlorocystis C. chlorocystis Rolf Singer Singer & R.A. Weeks Panaeolus cyanescens C. cya ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Leratiomyces ceres image Stropharia aurantiaca.jpg image width 200px regnum Fungus Fungi divisio Basidiomycota classis Agaricomycetes ordo Agaricales familia Strophariaceae genus Leratiomyces species L. ceres binomial Leratiomyces ceres binomial authority Cooke & Masee Spooner & Bridge 2008 synonyms Agaricus squamosus f. aurantiacus br Hypholoma aurantiaca br Hypholoma aurantiacum br Naematoloma aurantiaca br Naematoloma aurantiacum br Psilocybe aurantiaca br Psilocybe ceres br Stropharia aurantiaca br Stropharia percevalii var. aurantiaca br Stropharia squamosa var. aurantiaca br Stropholoma aurantiacum mycomorphbox name Leratiomyces ceres whichGills adnate capShape convex hymeniumType gills stipeCharacter ring ecologicalType saprotrophic sporePrintColor brown howEdible poisonous Leratiomyces ceres ref name bridge etal Bridge PD, Spooner BM, Beever RE, Park DC. 2008 . Taxonomy of the fungus commonly known as Stropharia aurantiaca , with new combinations in Leratiomyces . Mycotaxon 103 109 121. ref , commonly known as the Redlead Roundhead , is mushroom which has a bright red to orange cap and dark purple brown spore deposit . It is usually found growing gregariously on wood chips and is one of the most common and most distinctive mushrooms found in that habitat. ref name bridge etal ref name arora Arora D. 1986. Mushrooms Demystified A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi 2nd edition . Berkeley Ten Speed Press. ISBN 0 89815 169 4. ref It is also known as Stropharia aurantiaca , Hypholoma aurantiaca , Naematoloma aurantiaca , and a number of other synonyms. It is common in wood chips and lawns in North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and elsewhere. ref name bridge etal Description Cap 2 to 6 cm in diameter, with thin flesh and a bright red to brick red top which is convex to plane in age. Has partial veil remnants when young. The cap surface is usually dry, but can be slightly viscid when moist. Gills Close, white to pale gray at ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Psilocybe fimetaria image image width regnum Fungus Fungi divisio Basidiomycota classis Agaricomycetes ordo Agaricales familia Strophariaceae genus Psilocybe species P. fimetaria binomial Psilocybe fimetaria binomial authority P. D. Orton Orton synonyms range map range map width 240px range map caption Range of Psilocybe fimetaria mycomorphbox name Psilocybe fimetaria whichGills adnate whichGills2 sinuate capShape convex capShape2 campanulate hymeniumType gills stipeCharacter cortina ecologicalType saprotrophic sporePrintColor blackish brown sporePrintColor2 purple howEdible psychoactive Psilocybe fimetaria , is a psilocybin mushroom , having psilocybin and psilocin as main active compounds. Etymology fim eh TAR ee uh From the words fim fringed , et and aria place Description Cap 1.5 3.5 cm in diameter, wikt convex convex to plano convex , becoming subcampanulate to broadly convex in age, with or without a sharp papilla. Surface even to translucent striate near the margin, viscid when moist from a thick separable gelatinous pellicle . Pale reddish brown to honey to ochraceous , hygrophanous , fading in drying to yellowish olive to ochraceous buff. Flesh whitish to honey colored, bruising bluish where injured. Gills Adnation Adnate emarginate, subdistant, ventricose , whitish clay at first, eventually dark reddish brown with olivaceous hue, white fimbriate . Spore Print Dark purple brown, 9.5 12.5 15 16 x 6.5 9.5 m , ovoid in front view, ellipsoid in side view, thick walled with a broad germ pore. Stem 2 9 cm long by 0.5 2 4 mm thick. Cylindrical, flexuous, equal to slightly swollen at the base. Whitish at first, soon discoloring yellow to yellow brown from handling,reddish brown or honey brown in age, sometimes with distinctive blue tones at the base. Surface covered with whitish fibrils towards the apex, with a narrow Annulus mycology annulus that develops from a thickly cortinate partial veil. Odor Farinaceous Taste Farina ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Psilocybe silvatica image regnum Fungus Fungi divisio Basidiomycota classis Agaricomycetes ordo Agaricales familia Strophariaceae genus Psilocybe species P. silvatica binomial Psilocybe silvatica binomial authority Peck Singer and Smith synonyms Psathyra silvatica Hypholoma silvaticum range map range map width 240px range map caption Range of Psilocybe silvatica mycomorphbox name Psilocybe silvatica whichGills adnate whichGills2 adnexed capShape conical capShape2 umbonate hymeniumType gills stipeCharacter bare ecologicalType saprotrophic sporePrintColor purple brown howEdible psychoactive Psilocybe silvatica , is a psilocybin mushroom of the Agaricales family, in the section Semilanceatae, having psilocybin as main active compound. It is closely related to Psilocybe pelliculosa . Description The cap is 0.8 2 2.5 cm broad and is obtusely conic , becoming broadly campanulate to broadly conic, often with an acute umbo mycology umbo . It is tawny dark brown when moist, fading to pale yellowish brown or grayish brown. It is even to striatulate when moist, smooth, hygrophanous , and viscid when moist from a thin gelatinous pellicle that is barely separable, if at all. It sometimes has a grayish green tinge along the margin. It fades to pale buff. The gills are adnation adnate to adnexed , close to subdistant, narrow to moderately broad, and dull grayish brown to cinnamon brown at first then smoky brown at maturity, edges remaining whitish. The spores are dark purplish brown, 6.6 8.5 9.5 11 x 3.8 4 5.5 6 m from 4 spored basidia, which are sometimes 2 spored. The stipe is 2 8 cm long by 1 3 mm thick, equal to slightly enlarged at the base, tubular, and somewhat flexuous. It is pallid to brownish beneath a silky fibrillose covering. It becomes darker towards the base, partial veil poorly developed, cortinate, thin to obscure, and soon absent. It is slightly bluish green at base. It has a farinaceous taste and odor . Microscopic features P ... more details
Taxobox image Xerula megalospora.jpg image width 234px regnum Fungi divisio Basidiomycota classis Agaricomycetes ordo Agaricales familia Physalacriaceae genus Xerula species X. megalospora binomial Xerula megalospora binomial authority Clem. Redhead, Ginns & Shoemaker 1987 ref name Redhead1987 synonyms Clitocybe megalospora small Clem. 1896 small br Oudemansiella megalospora small Clem. Zhu L.Yang, G.M.Muell., G.Kost & Rexer 2009 small mycomorphbox name Xerula megalospora whichGills adnexed capShape convex capShape2 umbonate hymeniumType gills stipeCharacter bare ecologicalType saprotrophic sporePrintColor white howEdible unknown Xerula megalospora is a species of Agaricales gilled mushroom in the Physalacriaceae family. Xerula megalospora basidiocarp fruit bodies occur on the ground, solitarily or in small groups. They are saprobic and found near the well decayed stumps of oak or other broadleaf tree s. This species can grow up to convert 13 cm in abbr on high. The pileus mycology caps , convert 2 10 cm in 1 abbr on across, can be a convex or umbonate shape eventually becoming flat and centrally depressed. The cap is viscid and colored smokey white to pale buff color buff . Lamella mycology Gills are adnate, white, and smooth. The trama mycology flesh of Xerula megalospora is white, and the odor is sometimes described as being reminiscent of carrots. The stipe mycology stipe contains a root like extension convert 8 12 cm in abbr on long. The spore print is white. The spore s of this species are a distinguishing feature being a relatively large 18 23 by 11 14 micrometre m . The botanical name megalospora means large spored. The spore shape is citriniform i.e., lemon shaped , the surface is finely roughened, and spores are non amyloid mycology amyloid . This species is widespread and fairly common in urban areas. References Reflist refs ref name Redhead1987 cite journal author Redhead SA, Ginns J, Shoemaker RA. title The Xerula Collybia , Oudemansiella radicata ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Psilocybe samuiensis image Psilocybe samuiensis.jpg image width 235px regnum Fungus Fungi divisio Basidiomycota classis Agaricomycetes ordo Agaricales familia Strophariaceae genus Psilocybe species P. samuiensis binomial Psilocybe samuiensis binomial authority Gast n Guzm n Guzm n , Bandala & Allen mycomorphbox name Psilocybe samuiensis whichGills adnate capShape conical capShape2 umbonate hymeniumType gills stipeCharacter bare ecologicalType saprotrophic sporePrintColor purple brown howEdible psychoactive Psilocybe samuiensis is a psychedelic mushroom , which has psilocybin and psilocin as main active compounds. It was placed in the Section Mexicanae of genus Psilocybe by Gast n Guzm n due to its rhomboid shaped spores. It has been found in Koh Samui , a small tropical island in Thailand , where some psychoactive species are consumed by both natives and tourists. ref Allen JW, Merlin MD. 1992 . Psychoactive fungi use in Koh Samui and Koh Pha Ngan, Thailand . Journal of Ethnopharmacology 35 3 205 228. ref Description The pileus mycology cap is typically 7&ndash 15 mm in diameter, almost convex to conic in shape, umbonate with a small papilla . The cap is viscid and has a separable pellicle . It is a reddish brown color when moist, but becomes lighter brown when dry. The stipe mycology stipe is 4.0&ndash 6.5 cm high × 1.5 cm thick, equal or slightly bulbous. The stipe is hollow, whitish in color, and covered with white fibril s. It is the same color as the cap, and stains blue when bruised. The odor and taste are slightly like grain meal farinaceous . Habitat Psilocybe samuiensis was first picked in soil containing mixtures of sand and clay west of the village of Ban Hua Thanon, in Koh Samui . It grows scattered to gregarious in rice paddy rice paddies , fruiting from early July to late August. ref name Guzman1993 Guzm n G, Bandala VM, Allen JW. 1993 . A new bluing Psilocybe from Thailand . Mycotaxon 46 155&nda ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Hebeloma gigaspermum image Hebeloma gigaspermum 20101010wa.JPG image width 234px image caption regnum Fungus Fungi divisio Basidiomycota classis Agaricomycetes ordo Agaricales familia Hymenogastraceae genus Hebeloma species H. gigaspermum binomial Hebeloma gigaspermum binomial authority Gr ger & Zschiesch. mycomorphbox name Hebeloma gigaspermum whichGills emarginate capShape convex hymeniumType gills stipeCharacter bare ecologicalType mycorrhizal sporePrintColor brown sporePrintColor2 howEdible unknown Hebeloma gigaspermum is a European species of mushroom in the Hymenogastraceae family. The species Hebeloma gigaspermum was first described only in 1981 ref name Groeger1981 and is externally similar to the much better known Hebeloma sacchariolens being placed in subsection Sacchariolentia of the genus . It is not uncommon in Northern Europe and until 1981 examples were probably simply considered to be H. sacchariolens . ref name Funga Like the latter it is a nondescript clay brown or ochre mushroom with somewhat viscid cap, up to about convert 5 cm in abbr on in diameter, and has a strong sweet odour which has been likened to orange blossom or amyl acetate . ref name Bon It is distinguished from H. sacchariolens by its ecology with willow and alder in boggy ground as opposed to forests and gardens with broad leaved trees in general , and its large spore size of 13 17 7 9 micrometre m as opposed to 11 14 6 8 m . ref name Funga The name gigaspermum means giant spored . The edibility of the mushroom is not known for certain, but Hebeloma contains poisonous mushroom poisonous species and it is not to be recommended for culinary use. References Reflist refs ref name Funga cite book last Knudsen first Henning coauthors Jan Vesterhout title Funga Nordica publisher Nordsvamp location Copenhagen year 2008 page 816 ref ref name Groeger1981 cite journal author Gr ger F, Zschieschang G. journal Zeitschrift f r Mykologie year 1981 title Hebel ... more details
Taxobox image image width 235px regnum Fungus Fungi divisio Basidiomycota classis Agaricomycetes ordo Agaricales familia Suillaceae genus Suillus species S. bellinii binomial Suillus bellinii binomial authority Inzenga Watling 1967 synonyms Boletus bellinii small Inzenga 1879 small br Ixocomus bellinii small Inzenga Maire 1933 small br Rostkovites bellinii small Inzenga Reichert 1940 small mycomorphbox name Suillus bellinii whichGills adnate whichGills2 decurrent capShape convex capShape2 flat hymeniumType pores stipeCharacter bare ecologicalType mycorrhizal sporePrintColor brown howEdible edible Suillus bellinii is a Boletales pored mushroom of the genus Suillus in the Suillaceae family. It is found in coastal Pinus pine forests of southern Europe. Description The Pileus mycology cap is initially convex and irregular, but becomes flatter with maturity, reaching up to 15 cm in diameter. The thick Pileipellis cuticle is brown and marbled with white to gray tones towards the periphery, especially in young specimens. It is very viscid during wet weather and peels easily characteristics shared by many species of Suillus . The Hymenium tubes are short, while the pores are small and coloured whitish, beige and, with maturity, yellowish. The pores may exude a reddish latex in fresh specimens. The Stipe mycology stem is short, cylindrical and coloured whitish, ornamented with reddish dots along its length. The firm Trama mycology flesh is whitish and yellowish in the stipe base and it is said to have a fruity odour and a pleasant taste. It is often infested with insect larvae. In a colour reaction test with ammonia solution, the flesh turns crimson. The spore s are ochre brown in colour, fusiform, sized 8 10 by 3.5 4.5 m. ref name Fungibalear cite web url http www.fungibalear.net espanol mostra bolet e.php?codi 71 title Suillus bellinii at Fungibalear.net publisher Secci Micol gica Museu Balear de Ci ncies Naturals language Spanish accessdate 2010 09 11 ref ref ... more details
Italic title taxobox name Plumbago zeylanica image Plumbago zeylanica1MTFL.jpg image caption regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Flowering plant Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Core eudicots ordo Caryophyllales familia Plumbaginaceae genus Plumbago species P. zeylanica binomial Plumbago zeylanica binomial authority Carl Linnaeus L. synonyms Plumbago scandens small L. small ref name eFloras cite web url http www.efloras.org florataxon.aspx?flora id 1&taxon id 200017527 title Plumbago zeylanica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1 151. 1753. work Flora of North America publisher eFloras.org accessdate 2011 06 30 ref Plumbago zeylanica , commonly known as Ceylon Leadwort or Doctorbush , ref name GRIN cite web url http www.ars grin.gov cgi bin npgs html taxon.pl?28879 title Taxon Plumbago zeylanica L. work Germplasm Resources Information Network publisher United States Department of Agriculture date 1996 03 19 accessdate 2011 02 23 ref is a species of plumbago with a pantropical distribution. Carl Linnaeus described the Paleotropical Kingdom paleotropical P. zeylanica and Neotropic ecozone neotropical P. scandens as separate species, but they are currently considered synonymous. Ceylon Leadwort is a herbaceous plant with glabrous stems that are climbing, prostrate, or erect. The leaves are petiolate or sessile and have ovate, lance elliptic, or spatulate to oblanceolate blades that measure 5 9 2.5 4 cm in length. Bases are attenuate while apexes are acute, acuminate, or obtuse. Inflorescences are 3 15 cm in length and have glandular, viscid rachises. Bracts are lanceolate and 3 7 1 2 mm long. The heterostylous flowers have white corollas 17 33 mm in diameter and tubes 12.5 28 mm in length. Capsules are 7.5 8 mm long and contain are reddish brown to dark brown seeds. ref name eFloras Plant extracts have shown potent mosquito larvicidal activity against the larvae of Aedes aegypti while showing no toxicity to fish ref Patil CD, Patil SV, Salunke BK, Salunkhe RB Bioefficac ... more details
italictitle taxobox name Cordia sinensis image Cordia sinensis trees.jpg regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Flowering plant Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo unplaced familia Boraginaceae genus Cordia species C. sinensis binomial Cordia sinensis Cordia sinensis is a species of Flowering plant flowering tree in the borage family, Boraginaceae . The species range extend from South Africa , through East Africa Madagascar and the Middle East to the Indian Subcontinent and Eastern Indochina . There is also a disjunct native population in Senegal. The species has become naturalised in Eastern Australia . ref http www.weeds.org.au docs intro flora australia.pdf ref Common names include grey leaved saucer berry , grey leaved cordia , marer , mnya mate and mkamasi . Description C. sinensis exhibits a range of growth forms, from low shrub to a multi stemmed tree up to 12m in height. The stem bark is brown, to cream brwon. Flowers are white or cream in colour. The fruit is conical, orange or red with a fleshy, viscid pulp overlying a 1 4 large seeds. Habitat and range Cordia sinensis is native to Egypt , Ethiopia , India , Israel , Jordan , Kenya , Madagascar , Mozambique , Namibia , Pakistan , Senegal , Somalia , South Africa , Sri Lanka , Sudan , Tanzania , Yemen and Zimbabwe It is a tree of arid and semi arid regions, often in riparian zones. Ecology The fruit are an important food for monkeys and birds. The leaves provide browse for animals such as antelope, giraffe and deer. Uses The fruits are edible and are eaten in a variety of cuisine. The Natural gum gum from the tree is also edible. The timber is used as firewood and for making furniture and tools. The leaves are an important source of animal fodder . Both roots and bark are used to treat a variety of disorders in both humans and livestock, including malaria, intestinal disorders and conjunctivitis. File Cordia sinensis.jpg thumb left 225px Cordia sinensis fruits. References http www.we ... more details
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