Other uses Volume disambiguation Unreferenced date December 2009 A volume is a term in data compression for a file that has been compressed and split into different parts. There are many advantages in having a compression utility with the ability for compression into volumes. First, it allows an individual to download the file in segments at his or her own pace. As well if there is a corruption only one volume is affected instead of the whole which can be corrected using parity file s. Second, it allows compression to a volume size compatible with removable media. For example, compressing a backup into 700MB chunks for easy storage on CDs. See also Compression utilities with volume support RAR ARJ 7 Zip PeaZip DEFAULTSORT VolumeCompression Category Data compression ru uk ... more details
of volume change resulting from pressure Gas compression , raising the pressure and reducing the volume of gases Compression ratio , a figure of merit of an internal combustion engine Compression geology , a system of forces that tend to decrease the volume of rocks In information science Data compression , the process of encoding digital information using fewer bits Audio compression data , the compression of digital audio streams and files Bandwidth compression , a reduction in either the time to transmit or in the amount of bandwidth required to transmit Compression artifact , noticeable defects in audio or video that has been compressed Image compression , the application of data compression on digital images Video compression , the compression of digital video streams and files One way compression function , a cryptographic primitive In engineering Dynamic range compression , a compression process that reduces the dynamic range of an audio signal Gain compression , in electronic ...wiktionary compression compressor Compression may refer to In physical science Compression physical , the result of the subjection of a material to compressive stress Compression member , a class of structural ... Brain compression , a potentially fatal condition where pressure is exerted on the brain by internal bleeding Bandage Compression bandage Compression bandage , a bandage that uses compression to reduce the flow of blood Intravenous pyelogram compressionCompression in pyelography involves pressing on the lower abdominal area, resulting in distension of the upper urinary tract. In mathematics Compression functional analysis , the compression of a linear operator T on a Hilbert space to a subspace K is the operator Other Compression phonetics , running syllables together in informal speech Please ..., until this articl is created, please do not shorten the description. Compression zoology when an animal ... See also Compaction disambiguation compress Compression shorts Compressor disambiguation Decompression ... more details
Voice compression may mean different things Speech encoding refers to compression for transmission or storage, possibly to an unintelligible state, with decompression used prior to playback. Time compressed speech refers to voice compression for immediate playback, without any decompression so that the final speech sounds faster to the listener . Audio level compression refers to a sound recording effect which increases the perceived volume of a sound. Disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 A rotary compression pump works in cycles. Over each cycle a volume is created in contact with the cavity where pressure is to be lowered. By random motion, molecules from the vacuum pass into the volume created by the pump. This volume is then cut off from the cavity and compressed in contact with a one way valve. If the volume is compressed enough some of the molecules will pass through the valve. The maximum efficiency of a rotary compression pump is the ratio between the volume in contact with the vacuum and the smallest contracted volume in contact with the valve. If the ratio is 1 1000 and the pump is exhausting to atmospheric pressure, the highest achievable vacuum is 1 1000 of atmospheric pressure. This corresponds to 0.76 Torr or 101.3 Pascal pressure Pa . This limitation makes rotary compression pumps very hard to construct if lower pressures than about 1 Torr is to be achieved. The simplicity of the process makes the rotary compression pump cheap and it is widely used as a low vacuum pump or a fore pump to a diffusion pump . See also rotary vane pump DEFAULTSORT Rotary Compression Category Pumps ... more details
Compression shorts are underwear undergarments usually worn by athletes. They are form fitting garment s and when worn cover the athlete s waist to mid or lower thigh. These garments are often made from a spandex type material, similar to cycling shorts . A major benefit of compression shorts are that they keep the thigh muscles warm to reduce muscle strain and fatigue. In addition, there is some evidence that compression shorts may enhance athletic performance. ref cite journal doi 10.1080 0264041031000101971 author Doan BK, Kwon YH, Newton RU, et al. title Evaluation of a lower body compression garment journal J Sports Sci volume 21 issue 8 pages 601 10 year 2003 month Aug pmid 12875311 ref They are also used as a way to keep the male genitalia in place. Compression shorts also help to keep .... Another major benefit is that many compression shorts are designed to wick sweat away from the body ... things like walking or running when the thighs are adducted. There are also other types of compression garments that serve a similar function, such as compression t shirts, socks, sleeves & tights ... such as compression shorts have seen an increase in popularity, arguably because of their comparable ... all the jockstraps gone? work Slate Magazine 2005 07 22 ref Compression shorts are also popular among ..., athletes wear compression shorts under the skirt so if they fall over and their skirts ride up ... both being no contact sports in which players often wear skirts . In this situation, compression shorts are colloquially identified as spandex shorts. Women also wear compression shorts in tennis where most recently, compression shorts have been produced with ball pockets for convenience. There are also women s compression shorts for use before, during and after pregnancy. Pregnancy compression shorts ... url http www.recoveryshorts.com.au title Women s pregnancy compression shorts 2011 05 31 ref See also Compression sportswear Rugby shorts Sports clothing References reflist Men s undergarments Clothing ... more details
File Compression test.jpg right thumb 250px Compression test on a universal testing machine Physical compression is the result of the subjection of a material or structure to Stress mechanics compressive stress , which results in reduction of volume as compared to an uncompressed but otherwise identical state. The opposite of compression in a solid is tension physics tension . In any medium transmitting waves, the opposite of compression is rarefaction . In simple terms, compression is a pushing force. Explanation Compression has many implications in materials science , physics and structural engineering , for compression yields noticeable amounts of Stress physics stress and tension mechanics tension . By inducing compression, mechanical properties such as compressive strength or modulus of elasticity , can be measured. Scientist s and engineer s may utilize compression machines to measure the resistance of materials and structures to compression. Compression machines range from very small table top systems to ones with over 53 MN capacity. ref Citation last NIST title Large Scale Structure Testing Facility url http www.nist.gov bfrl facilities instruments large scale struct testing fac.cfm accessdate 04 05 2010 postscript . ref In engines Internal combustion engines In internal combustion engine s it is a necessary condition of economy to compress the explosive mixture before it is ignited in the Otto cycle , for instance, the second stroke of the piston effects the compression of the charge which has been drawn into the cylinder by the first forward stroke. Steam engines The term is applied to the arrangement by which the exhaust valve of a steam engine is made to close ... in the mechanism due to the inertia of the reciprocating parts are lessened. This compression, moreover ... stroke. See also Box compression test Buckling Compression member Longitudinal wave P wave ... f sica ru simple Physical compression ... more details
Compression garments are pieces of clothing such as socks, pantyhose , sleeves, etc, that provide support that is especially useful for people who have to stand for long periods, or people with poor circulation. The garments can come in varying degrees of compression. The higher degrees require a doctor s prescription. Compression garments worn on the legs can help prevent deep vein thrombosis and reduce swelling, especially while traveling. Compression tights are also worn by some athletes. Research Through testing repeat sprint and throwing performance in cricket players, it was found that there was a significant difference p 0.05 by way of higher mean skin temperature, lower 24 hour post exercise Creatine kinase CK values and lower 24 hour post exercise ratings of muscle soreness when wearing compression garments. ref cite journal pmid 17341589 year 2007 author1 Duffield first2 M title Comparison of three types of full body compression garments on throwing and repeat sprint performance in cricket players volume 41 issue 7 pages 409 14 discussion 414 doi 10.1136 bjsm.2006.033753 journal British journal of sports medicine first3 J. ref In materials testing, the compressive garment provided increased flexion and extension, which could help reduce hamstring injuries. They also reduced impact by 27 compared to American football pants alone. ref cite journal pmid 12875311 year 2003 author1 Doan first2 YH first3 RU first4 J first5 EM first6 RA first7 LR first8 M first9 WJ title Evaluation of a lower body compression garment volume 21 issue 8 pages 601 10 journal Journal of sports sciences doi 10.1080 0264041031000101971 ref br Br See also Compression stockings Pantyhose for men Compression shorts References reflist Category Medical equipment ... more details
than the static volume would suggest This corrected compression ratio is commonly called ... for this difference is that compression ratio is defined via the volume reduction math text CR ...For compression ratio in data compression data compression ratio Refimprove date May 2009 The compression ... the ratio of the volume of its combustion chamber from its largest capacity to its smallest capacity ... between the volume of the Cylinder engine cylinder and combustion chamber when the piston is at the bottom dead center bottom of its stroke , and the volume of the combustion chamber when the piston ... Compression ratio url http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 130313 compression ratio accessdate 2009 ... the piston has moved up to the top of its stroke inside the cylinder, and the remaining volume inside the head or combustion chamber has been reduced to 100 cc, then the compression ratio would be proportionally described as 1000 100, or with fractional reduction, a 10 1 compression ratio. A high compression ratio is desirable because it allows an engine to extract more mechanical energy from ... of thermal efficiency, it is because greater compression increases the internal energy ... of the compression. date April 2011 High ratios place the available oxygen and fuel molecules into a reduced space along with the adiabatic heat of compression causing better mixing and evaporation of the fuel droplets. Citation needed reason you should not say adiabatic heat of compression ... usually refers to a process. You should say along with the adiabatic tendancies of the compression process or along with the fact that the compression process is adiabatic. Also it does not really ..., as opposed to energy which is a physical property. date April 2011 Higher compression ratios will however ... of compression ignition, so that a fuel which resists autoignition will cause late ignition which ... diameter math s math piston Stroke engine stroke length math V c math clearance volume . It is the volume ... more details
as a digital logic circuit, but it could also function as an analog amplifier it shows gain compression at the edges of the diagonal slope, where rounding of the line yields soft clipping. Gain compression ... large signal phenomenon of circuits. Relevance Gain compression is relevant in any system with a wide .... Audio effects A tube radio or tube amplifier will increase in volume to a point, and then as the input ... depends on the topology of the amplifier. Differences between clipping and compression Clipping, as a form of signal compression, differs from the operation of the typical studio audio level compression audio level compressor , in which gain compression is not instantaneous delayed in time via attack .... Compression and limiting change the shape of the entire waveform, not just the shape of the waveform ... causing distortion. Limiting or clipping Gain is a linear operation. Gain compression is not linear ... have many extra harmonics . CompressionCompression of gain is caused by non linear characteristics ... the linear range of the amplifier, gain compression will occur. A transistor s operating point may move with temperature, so higher power output may lead to compression due to collector dissipation ... in output. Thus there is compression of gain. Also, at this time because the transfer function is no longer linear, harmonic distortion will result. Intentional compression In intentional compression sometimes called automatic gain control or audio level compression as used in devices called dynamic ... be the same amplitude. Radio frequency compression Gain compression in RF amps is similar to soft clipping. However, in narrowband systems, the effect looks more like gain compression simply ... gain compression rather than distortion figures because it s easier to measure and is more important ... s picking up. Examples of RF compression A low noise linear amplifier RF amplifier if fed by a directional ... and generate mixing products. This is a typical effect of gain compression. High power loudspeakers ... more details
merge Compression garment discuss Talk Compression sportswear Merger proposal date February 2012 Compression sportswear is clothing usually worn by athletes. They may be shorts, tights or underwear. They are form fitting garment s and when worn cover the athlete s waist to mid or lower thigh. These garments are often made from a spandex type material. The main benefits of compression sportswear is that it keeps the muscles warm to prevent muscle strain and fatigue, and wick sweat away from the body to prevent chafing and rashes. In addition, there is some evidence that compression shorts may enhance athletic performance. ref cite journal doi 10.1080 0264041031000101971 author Doan BK, Kwon YH, Newton RU, et al. title Evaluation of a lower body compression garment journal J Sports Sci volume 21 issue 8 pages 601 10 year 2003 month Aug pmid 12875311 ref Compression sportswear also helps to keep ... at the hips to protect players from injuries due to sliding. There are many types of compression garments that serve a similar function, such as compression t shirts, socks, sleeves, and tights . Common ..., and garments such as compression shorts have seen an increase in popularity, arguably because of their comparable ... title Where have all the jockstraps gone? work Slate Magazine 2005 07 22 ref Compression shorts .... In those situations, athletes wear compression shorts under the skirt so if they fall over and their skirts .... In this situation, compression shorts are often referred to as spandex shorts, the material with which they are often manufactured. Benefits The alleged benefits of wearing compression tights are Improving ... last7 Duncan last8 Volek last9 Putukian title Influence of compression therapy on symptoms following soft tissue injury from maximal eccentric exercise volume 31 issue 6 pages 282 90 journal The Journal ... to compression stockings they can be worn during long flights to reduce the risk of Deep vein ... both the duration and intensity of training and competition. See also Compression shorts Rugby ... more details
W, Zimmet SE title Compression therapy in venous disease journal Phlebology volume 23 issue 5 pages ... thumb Compression stockings Compression stockings are specialized hosiery designed to help prevent ... title Graduated Compression Hosiery and Socks year 2004 location Miramar, FL pages 19 20 ref such as edema , phlebitis and thrombosis . Compression stockings are elastic garments worn around ... veins causing an increase in venous blood flow velocity and valve effectiveness. Compression therapy ... heavy and aching legs. Unlike traditional dress or athletic stockings and socks, compression stockings use stronger elastics to create significant pressure on the legs, ankles and feet. Compression stockings ... to return to the heart and less blood to pool in the feet. There are two types of compression stockings, gradient and anti embolism. ref cite web last DoctorQA title Compression Socks url http www.doctorqa.com vein procedures compression socks accessdate 23 March 2012 ref Gradient compression stockings ... leg vein valves. They are woven in such a way that the compression level is highest around ... veins. Low pressure compression stockings are available without prescription in most countries, and may ... steps that need to be taken before using compression stocking br A patient s ABI Ankle Brachial Index must be 1.0 per leg to wear compression stockings, otherwise the stockings may obstruct the patient ... competent doctor or nurse can measure and calculate a patient s ABI. br It is crucial that compression stockings are properly sized. The compression should gradually reduce from the highest compression ... safe assuming that the compression gradient is 15 20 mmHg, the ABI for both legs is 1.0 and that the stockings ... only on medical advice. br Although current research reports mixed results of compression socks on athletic ... Hong and Jeanne D. Johnston title Lower Leg Compression Sleeves Influence on Running Mechanics ... J, Wassermann A, Zapf J. title Effect of compression stockings on running performance in men runners ... more details
Society volume preprint 1384 ref . Today the majority of compression drivers, either by inheritance ... volume preprint 7258 ref using a more accurate analytical acoustical model of the compression ...A compression driver is a type of loudspeaker driver which uses the technique of compression to achieve high efficiencies. In this context compression refers to the fact that the area of the loudspeaker diaphragm is significantly larger than the aperture through which the sound is radiated. Compression ... in conjunction with Horn acoustic acoustical horns . Horn loaded Compression Drivers can achieve extremely ... journal The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society volume 25 pages 573 585 ref were the first ..., thus allowing for much better energy transfer. In the Hanna and Slepian proposal the compression ... Loudspeaker of Large Power Capacity reprint journal The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society volume ... from compression cavity to horn throat. They found that the bandwidth of the transducer ... resonances in compression cavity is reduced. The paper described the first generation compression driver with a field coil magnet and phase plug, It used aluminum diaphragm with an edge ... LOUDSPEAKERS ref The first commercial compression driver was introduced 1933 when Bell Labs added a Western Electric No. 555 compression driver as a mid range driver to their the two way divided ... made the most significant contribution to modern phase plug, and hence compression driver design, with his ... journal The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America volume 25 pages 305 312 doi 10.1121 1.1907038 issue 2 ref in which Smith analyzed the acoustical resonances occurring in the compression cavity ... month October title A New Methodology for the Acoustic Design of Compression Driver Phase Plugs with Concentric ... eliminate all traces of acoustical resonance in the compression cavity. Interestingly, in this work .... Compression driver protection In some Sound reinforcement system sound reinforcement and studio ... more details
up the name New York compression . ref name Izhaki Use The human ear is sensitive to loud sounds being suddenly reduced in volume, but less so to soft sounds being increased in volume parallel compression ...Parallel compression , also known as New York compression , is a dynamic range compression technique used in Sound recording and reproduction sound recording and Audio mixing recorded music mixing . Parallel compression, a form of upward compression, is achieved by mixing an unprocessed dry , or lightly ... in 1965, contained parallel buses with heavy compression on one of them, the two mixed in a flexible ... name Izhaki Bevelle called it side chain compression, though that term made for confusion with the Dynamic range compression Side chaining side chain compression technique which uses an external key or side chain signal to determine compression on a target signal. Bevelle s article, entitled Compressors ... PA138 ref Bob Katz coined the term parallel compression , ref name Izhaki and has described it as an implementation of upward compression , the increase in audibility of softer passages. ref name Katz2002 ... compression, fast Transient acoustics transients in music are retained in parallel compression ... Izhaki In an audio mix using an analog mixing console and analog compressors, parallel compression ... pathways must both have the same number of processing stages the straight pathway is assigned a compression ... through compression stages, and both pathways are delayed the same amount of time, but one is set to do no dynamic range compression, or to do very little, and the other is set for high amounts of gain ... . ref cite journal last Senior first Mike month April year 2009 title Cubase Advanced Vocal Compression ... uses parallel compression applied conservatively across the entire mix, especially in dance oriented ... compression is widely utilized in electronic dance music, side chain compression is the technique ... Parallel Compression in Pro Tools 8 DEFAULTSORT Parallel Compression Category Audio engineering Category ... more details
compression A compression artifact or artefact is a noticeable distortion of media including images , Sound recording audio , and video caused by the application of lossy data compression . Lossy data compression involves discarding some of the media s data so that it becomes simplified enough to be stored ..., the result is a diminishing of quality, or introduction of artifacts. Alternatively, the compression ... subjective importance and those objectionable to the viewer. Compression artifacts occur in many common ... s, Red Book audio CD standard Audio CD s, and WAV files or lossless data compression losslessly compressed media such as FLAC or Portable Network Graphics PNG do not suffer from compression artifacts. The minimization of perceivable artifacts is a key goal in implementing a lossy compression ... 2011 12 23 ref Technically speaking, a compression artifact is a particular class of data error that is usually the consequence of Quantization signal processing quantization in lossy data compression ... of JPEG compression on a slightly noisy image with a mixture of text and whitespace. Text is a screen ... to reduce image compression effects, but to use standardized compression decompression techniques and retain the benefits of compression for instance, lower transmission and storage costs , many of these methods ... built in. Video When motion prediction is used, as in MPEG 1 , MPEG 2 or MPEG 4 , compression artifacts ... these artifacts vary, looking like swarming mosquitoes. Video compression artifacts include cumulative results of compression of the comprising still images, for instance Ringing artifacts JPEG ringing ... dinhpatry Phuc Tue Le Dinh and Jacques Patry. http www.videsignline.com howto 180207350 Video compression ... Lossy audio compression typically works with a psychoacoustic model&mdash a model of human hearing ... with a similar but louder tone. A lossy compression technique might identify this quiet tone ... prominent sounds. With low compression, a conservative psy model is used with small block sizes ... more details
Infobox disease Name Compression fracture Image L4 compressionFracture2008.jpg Caption Compression fracture ... , ICD9 805 ICD9 806 traumatic Image Compressionfracture.jpg thumb X ray of the lumbar spine with a compression fracture of the third lumbar vertebra. A compression fracture is a collapse of a vertebra ..., compression fractures of the spine characteristically appear as wedge deformities , with greater ... chapter Benign Compression Fracture chapterurl http books.google.com books?id Sossht2t5XwC&pg PA302 ... of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials ... last4 Lyritis first4 George P. last5 Rowe first5 Brian H. journal Osteoporosis International volume ... doi 10.1097 01.brs.0000244639.71656.7d title Balloon Kyphoplasty and Vertebroplasty for Vertebral Compression ... first3 Peter journal Spine volume 31 issue 23 pages 2747 55 pmid 17077747 ref and vertebroplasty ... kyphoplasty in the management of vertebral compression fractures An updated systematic review and meta ... Rebecca J. journal European Spine Journal volume 16 issue 8 pages 1085 100 pmid 17277923 pmc 2200787 ref minimally invasive procedures designed to treat pain from osteoporotic compression fractures and sometimes ... of Medicine volume 361 issue 6 pages 569 79 pmid 19657122 pmc 2930487 ref ref cite journal doi 10.1056 ... of Medicine volume 361 issue 6 pages 557 68 pmid 19657121 ref ref cite journal doi 10.1007 s00198 011 1639 5 title Balloon kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty in the management of vertebral compression .... last8 Lyritis first8 G. P. last9 Marsh first9 D. journal Osteoporosis International volume 22 issue ... vertebroplasty versus balloon kyphoplasty for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture ... Jianfeng last6 Fan first6 Shunwu journal International Orthopaedics volume 35 issue 9 pages 1349 58 ... and disability in acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures year 2011 last1 Farrokhi first1 ... Spine pmid 21375382 pages 561 9 volume 14 issue 5 ref References reflist External links http www.emedicinehealth.com ... more details
, or preforms. Compression molding is a high volume, high pressure method suitable for molding complex, high strength fiberglass reinforcements. Advanced composite thermoplastic s can also be compression ... on page 219 220. Further reading Compression Molding, ASM Handbook 2001, volume 21 Composites, Peterson ...Image Rubber boots.jpg thumb right Compression molded rubber boots before the Flash manufacturing flashes are removed. Compression molding is a method of molding process molding in which the molding material, generally preheated, is first placed in an open, heated mold cavity. The mold is closed with a top force or plug member, pressure is applied to force the material into contact with all mold areas, while heat and pressure are maintained until the molding material has cured. The process employs .... The advantage of compression molding is its ability to mold large, fairly intricate parts. Also, it is one ... with expensive compounds. However, compression molding often provides poor product consistency and difficulty ... to injection molding. Compression molding is also suitable for ultra large basic shape production ... through compression molding include Polyester fiberglass resin systems SMC BMC , Torlon , Vespel , Poly p phenylene sulfide PPS , and many grades of PEEK . Compression molding was first developed to manufacture composite parts for metal replacement applications, compression molding is typically used ... during the compression stage. Thermoplastic matrices are commonplace in mass production industries ... LFT and Glass fiber Mat reinforced Thermoplastics GMT . In compression molding there are six important ... Compression molding is a forming process in which a plastic material is placed directly into a heated ... cycle moulding times are widely used and examples are shown in Ref 3. Process schematic The compression ... in Ref 3. Setup and equipment Compression mold presses are manufactured in a wide variety of sizes ... http www.ticona.com home tech processing compression molding.htm Category Plastics industry de Formpressen ... more details
Compression therapy may refer to Attachment therapy , a loosely identified category of mental health interventions Cold compression therapy , to reduce pain and swelling from a sports or activity injury disambig ... more details
Context date November 2010 Accessibility dispute date January 2011 Signaling compression , or SigComp , is a compression method designed especially for compression of text based communication data as Session Initiation Protocol SIP or RTSP . SigComp had originally been defined in RFC 3320 and was later updated with RFC 4896. A Negative Acknowledgement Mechanism for Signaling Compression is defined in RFC 4077. The SigComp work is performed in the ROHC working group in the transport area of the IETF . General architecture center Image SigComp Architecture.png center Related standards documents RFC 3320 Signaling Compression SigComp RFC 3321 Signaling Compression SigComp Extended Operations RFC 3485 The Session Initiation Protocol SIP and Session Description Protocol SDP Static Dictionary for Signaling Compression SigComp RFC 3486 Compressing the Session Initiation Protocol SIP RFC 4077 A Negative Acknowledgement Mechanism for Signaling Compression RFC 4464 Signaling Compression SigComp Users Guide RFC 4465 Signaling Compression SigComp Torture Tests RFC 4896 Signaling Compression SigComp Corrections and Clarifications RFC 5049 Applying Signaling Compression SigComp to the Session Initiation Protocol SIP RFC 5112 The Presence Specific Static Dictionary for Signaling Compression Sigcomp 3GPP TR23.979 Annex C Required SigComp performance Category Data compression Category Multimedia Category Telecommunications Category VoIP protocols Category Presentation layer protocols fr SigComp ... more details
Test Compression is a technique used to reduce the time and cost of testing integrated circuit s. The first ICs were tested with test vectors created by hand. It proved very difficult to get good coverage of potential faults, so Design for test ability DFT based on scan and automatic test pattern generation ATPG were developed to explicitly test each gate and path in a design. These techniques were very successful at creating high quality vectors for manufacturing test, with excellent test coverage. However, as chips got bigger the ratio of logic to be tested per pin increased dramatically, and the volume of scan test data started causing a significant increase in test time, and required tester memory. This raised the cost of testing. Test compression was developed to help address this problem. When an ATPG tool generates a test for a fault, or a set of faults, only a small percentage of scan cells need to take specific values. The rest of the scan chain is don t care , and are usually filled with random values. Loading and unloading these vectors is not a very efficient use of tester time. Test compression takes advantage of the small number of significant values to reduce test data and test time. In general, the idea is to modify the design to increase the number of internal scan chains, each of shorter length. These chains are then driven by an on chip decompressor, usually designed to allow continuous flow decompression where the internal scan chains are loaded as the data ... title Survey of Test Vector Compression Techniques author Touba, NA journal IEEE Design & Test of Computers volume 23 issue 4 pages 294 303 year 2006 url http ieeexplore.ieee.org xpls abs all.jsp?arnumber ... , the test compression based on this method often results in compression ratios of 30 to 500 times ... volume 23 issue 5 pages 776 792 year 2004 url http ieeexplore.ieee.org xpls abs all.jsp?arnumber ... index.php?menuphp menu dss&mainpage rajski abs video of an IEEE lecture on test compression sponsored ... more details
Audio compression may refer to Audio compression data , a type of lossy compression in which the amount of data in a recorded waveform is reduced for transmission with some loss of quality, used in CD and MP3 encoding, Internet radio, and the like Dynamic range compression , also called audio level compression, in which the dynamic range, the difference between loud and quiet, of an audio waveform is reduced disambig zh ... more details
Expert subject Computing date May 2011 Adaptive compression is a type of data compression which changes compression algorithm s based on the type of data being compressed. ref name PCMag Cite web url http www.pcmag.com encyclopedia term 0,2542,t adaptive compression&i 37503,00.asp work PC Magizine Encyclopedia title Adaptive compression accessdate 21 April 2011 ref References reflist Category Data compression Computing stub ... more details
orphan date March 2010 The compression of morbidity in public health is a hypothesis put forth ref cite journal pages 130 5 doi 10.1056 NEJM198007173030304 url http aramis.stanford.edu downloads 1980FriesNEJM130.pdf title Aging, Natural Death, and the Compression of Morbidity year 1980 last1 Fries first1 James F. journal New England Journal of Medicine volume 303 issue 3 pmid 7383070 ref by James Fries, professor of medicine at Stanford University School of Medicine. The hypothesis was confirmed by a 1998 study of 1700 University of Pennsylvania alumni over a period of 20 years. ref cite journal pages 1035 41 doi 10.1056 NEJM199804093381506 title Aging, Health Risks, and Cumulative Disability year 1998 last1 Vita first1 Anthony J. last2 Terry first2 Richard B. last3 Hubert first3 Helen B. last4 Fries first4 James F. journal New England Journal of Medicine volume 338 issue 15 pmid 9535669 ref Fries hypothesis is that the burden of lifetime illness may be compressed into a shorter period before the time of death, if the age of onset of the first chronic infirmity can be postponed. ref name Fries cite journal pages 1163 6 doi 10.2105 AJPH.2008.135731 pmc 2424092 title James Fries Healthy Aging Pioneer year 2008 last1 Swartz first1 Aimee journal American Journal of Public Health volume 98 issue 7 pmid 18511711 ref This hypothesis contrasts to the view that as the age of countries populations tends to increase over time, they will become increasingly infirm and consume an ever larger proportion of the national budget in healthcare costs. fact date October 2011 In order to confirm this hypothesis, the evidence must show that it is possible to delay the onset of infirmity, and that corresponding ... url http www.milbank.org quarterly 830427fries.pdf title The Compression of Morbidity year 2005 last1 Fries first1 James F. journal The Milbank Quarterly volume 83 issue 4 pmid 16279968 cite news ... The New York Times page D7 url http www.nytimes.com 2008 08 26 health 26brod.html DEFAULTSORT Compression ... more details
The Great Compression refers to a decade of extraordinary wage compression in the United States in the early 1940s. During that time economic inequality as shown by wealth distribution and income distribution between the rich and poor became much smaller than it had been in preceding time periods. The term was reportedly coined by Claudia Goldin and Robert Margo ref name Noah http img.slate.com media 3 100914 NoahT GreatDivergence.pdf The Great Divergence. By Timothy Noah slate.com ref in a 1992 paper, ref name Goldin Margo http ideas.repec.org a tpr qjecon v107y1992i1p1 34.html The Great Compression The Wage Structure in the United States at Mid century , Goldin & Margo, Quarterly Journal of Economics . Volume Year 107 1992 Issue Month 1 February . Pages 1 34 ref and is a takeoff on the Great Depression , an event during which the Great Compression started. Image Share top 1 percent.jpg thumb 450px Share of pre tax household income received by the top 1 , top 0.1 and top 0.01 , between 1917 and 2005. ref name Piketty & Saez Saez, E. & Piketty, T. 2003 . Income inequality in the United States 1913 1998. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118 1 , 1 39. ref ref name Saez cite web url http elsa.berkeley.edu saez TabFig2005prel.xls title Saez, E. October, 2007 . Table A1 Top fractiles income shares excluding capital gains in the U.S., 1913 2005. accessdate 2008 01 17 ref According to economists Thomas Pikketty and Emmanuel Saez , analysis of personal income tax data shows that the compression ... comparison. ref Economist Paul Krugman gives credit for the compression not only to progressive ... change would have been gradual and not sudden as the compression was. ref Paul Krugman , The Conscience of a Liberal , p.7 8, 47 52 ref Explanation for the length of the compression s lasting have attributed ... resulted in a re emergence of the wealth inequality that had existed prior to the great compression ... see graph , Paul Krugman ref The reversal of the great compression has been called the Great ... more details
Speech compression may mean different things Speech encoding refers to compression for transmission or storage, possibly to an unintelligible state, with decompression used prior to playback. Time compressed speech refers to voice compression for immediate playback, without any decompression so that the final speech sounds faster to the listener . disambig ... more details
Cord compression may refer to Spinal cord compression Umbilical cord compression disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
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