Refimprove date April 2010 File Visible digital watermarking.jpg thumb An image with Digital watermarking Perceptibility perceptible digital watermarking the text Brian Kell 2006 is visible across the center of the image Digital watermarking is the process of embedding information into a digital signal ... bearing a watermark for visible identification. In digital watermarking, the signal may be audio ... may carry several different watermarks at the same time. In visible digital watermarking, the information ... digital watermarking, information is added as digital data to audio, picture, or video ... a secret message embedded in the digital signal. In either case, as in visible watermarking, the objective ... between individuals. One application of watermarking is in copyright protection systems, which ... watermarking. While some file formats for digital media may contain additional information called metadata , digital watermarking is distinctive in that the data is carried right in the signal. History ... date March 2012 Applications Digital watermarking may be used for a wide range of applications, such as Copy ... agencies Covert communication Digital watermarking life cycle phases File watermark life cycle.svg .... A watermarking system is usually divided into three distinct steps, embedding, attack, and detection ... watermarking applications, the extraction algorithm should be able to produce the watermark correctly, even if the modifications were strong. In fragile digital watermarking, the extraction algorithm ... Watermarking and Steganography Second Edition , Morgan Kaufmann, 2008 ref Robust imperceptible watermarks ... Working Group CPTWG ref Digital watermarking techniques may be classified in several ways. Robustness ... classes of digital watermarking schemes The message is conceptually zero bit long and the system is designed ... of watermarking scheme is usually referred to as zero bit or presence watermarking schemes . Sometimes, this type of watermarking scheme is called 1 bit watermark, because a 1 denotes the presence ... more details
In cryptography, a watermarking attack is an attack on disk encryption methods where the presence of a specially crafted piece of data e.g., a decoy file can be detected by an attacker without knowing the encryption key cryptography key . Problem description Disk encryption suites generally operate on data in 512 byte cylinder head sector sector s which are individually encrypted and decrypted. These 512 byte sectors alone can use any block cipher mode of operation typically Cipher Block Chaining CBC , but since arbitrary sectors in the middle of the disk need to be accessible individually, they cannot depend on the contents of their preceding succeeding sectors. Thus, with CBC, each sector has to have its own initialization vector IV . If these IVs are predictable by an attacker and the filesystem reliably starts file content at the same offset to the start of each sector, and files are likely to be largely contiguous , then there is a chosen plaintext attack which can reveal the existence of encrypted data, as follows. The problem is analogous to that of using block ciphers in the block cipher modes of operation Electronic codebook ECB electronic codebook ECB mode, but instead of whole blocks, only the first block in different sectors are identical. The problem can be relatively easily eliminated by making the IVs unpredictable with, for example, ESSIV . ref cite web last Fruhwirth first Clemens title Linux hard disk encryption settings url http clemens.endorphin.org LinuxHDEncSettings accessdate 2006 01 02 ref Alternatively, one can use modes of operation specifically designed for disk encryption see disk encryption theory . This weakness affected many disk encryption programs, including older versions of BestCrypt ref name bestcrypt iv flaw cite paper author Chiriliuc, Adal title BestCrypt IV generation flaw date 2003 10 23 url http adal.chiriliuc.com bc iv flaw.php accessdate 2006 08 23 ref as well as the now deprecated cryptoloop . ref cite web last Saarinen first ... more details
The Digital Watermarking Alliance is a group of like minded companies that share a common interest in furthering the adoption of digital watermarking . The mission of the Digital Watermarking Alliance is to create awareness and promote the value of digital watermarking to content owners, industry, policy makers, and consumers. Founding members The Digital Watermarking Alliance is made up of 12 companies that all have an established presence in the digital watermarking technology and solutions market. Member companies include Cinea Digimarc GCS Research Jura MediaGrid MSI Philips Signum Teletrax Thomson SA Cinavia was Verance Verimatrix, Inc. See also Digital watermarking Watermark Watermark detection Watermark data file Copy attack Copy protection External links http www.digitalwatermarkingalliance.org Digital Watermarking Alliance Category Watermarking Category Computer graphics organizations ... more details
orphan date December 2008 Infobox Website name Activated Content url http www.activatedcontent.com type Digital Audio Watermarking registration Client owner Private author Activated Content launch date January 5, 2000 current version 1.0 Activated Content is a digital watermarking company based in Seattle , Washington. The company has its own proprietary audio watermarking technology and provides several solutions based around watermarking. Activated Content was the first company to offer turnkey audio watermarking solutions to the music industry. The system was designed with help from Sony Music and Universal Music. ref name microsoft cite web url http www.microsoft.com presspass press 2007 aug07 08 15ActivatedContentPR.mspx title Press Release Activated Content Licenses Microsoft Technology to Enhance Audio Watermarking Efforts ref ref name wired cite web url http www.wired.com entertainment music commentary listeningpost 2007 08 listeningpost 0820 title Wired Magazine ref ref name arstechnica cite web url http arstechnica.com news.ars post 20070819 activated licenses ms watermarking to sell ads.html title Deal may lead to free but watermarked music ref References reflist 1 refbegin refend External links http www.activatedcontent.com Activated Content Homepage Category Internet properties established in 2000 Category Watermarking business stub computer security stub ... more details
multiple issues lead too short August 2010 unreferenced August 2010 ECRYPT European Network of Excellence for Cryptology is a 4 year Europe an research initiative launched on 1 February 2004. The stated objective is to, intensify the collaboration of European researchers in information security , and more in particular in cryptology and digital watermarking . ECRYPT list five core research areas, termed virtual laboratories symmetric key algorithms STVL , public key algorithm s AZTEC , protocol cryptography protocol PROVILAB , secure and efficient implementations VAMPIRE and digital watermarking watermarking WAVILA . In August 2008, the network started into another 4 year phase as ECRYPT II. See also eSTREAM NESSIE External links http www.ecrypt.eu.org ECRYPT II home page DEFAULTSORT Ecrypt Category Organizations in cryptography crypto stub fr European Network of Excellence for Cryptology it ECRYPT ... more details
and even help in recovering some of the lost data. A disadvantage of digital watermarking is that a subscriber ... 2009 http www.digitalwatermarkingalliance.org The Digital Watermarking Alliance Furthering the Adoption of Digital Watermarking http mydrmspace.com Open Platform for testing digital watermarking systems computing stub Category Authentication methods Category Watermarking cs Vodoznak watermark ... more details
Confusing date November 2009 Watermarking is the process of embedding information into a signal e.g. audio, video or pictures in a way that is difficult to remove. If the signal is copied, then the information is also carried in the copy. A signal may carry several different watermarks at the same time. Watermarking become more and more important to enable copyright protection and ownership verification. One of the most secure techniques of audio Digital watermarkingwatermarking is spread spectrum audio watermarking SSW . Spread Spectrum is a general technique for embedding watermarks that can be implemented in any transform domain or in the time domain. In SSW, a narrow band signal is transmitted over a much larger bandwidth such that the signal energy presented in any signal frequency is undetectable. So basically a watermark is spread over many frequency bins so that the energy in one bin is very small and certainly undetectable. An interesting feature of this watermarking technique is that destroying such a watermark requires noise of high amplitude to be added to all frequency bins. This type of watermarking is robust since to be confident of eliminating a watermark, an attack must attack all possible frequency bins with modifications of certain strength. This will create visible defects in the data. Spreading spectrum is done by a pseudonoise PN sequence. In conventional SSW approaches, the receiver must know the PN sequence used at the transmitter as well as the location of the watermark in watermarked signal for detecting hidden information. This method is attributed high security features, since any unauthorized user who does not access this information cannot detect any hidden information. Detection of the PN sequence is the key factor for detection of hidden information from SSW. Although PN sequence detection is possible by using heuristic approaches such as evolutionary ... Category Digital audio Category Digital watermarking ... more details
digital watermarking audio and video and digital audio and video fingerprinting technology solutions .... The first digital watermarking activities started in the Philips Research labs in 1996 ... tracking applications using Philips audio and video digital watermarking technology, and the recently ... . Philips Content Identification digital watermarking technology was used for identifying the source ... where the illegal copy occurred. A few months later a digital watermarking solution for the PayTV ... Thomson Software and Technology Solution STS watermarking business from Thomson SA Thomson . As a result ... watermarking and fingerprinting technologies. Civolution digital watermarking audio and video technology ... digital watermarking and fingerprinting technologies have allowed new applications and business models for synchronization, triggering and monetization of content. The latest development in watermarking ... through audio watermarking or fingerprinting, Civolution enables identification and synchronization ... Watermarking Alliance , an organization that was formed to promote and educate the public about the benefits of digital watermarking technology. External links http www.civolution.com www.civolution.com ... watermarking business http www.reuters.com article pressRelease idUS90791 21 Jul 2009 BW20090721 ... press view.asp?id 12175 br Watermarking supplier expects earlier VOD window this year http www.screenplaysmag.com ... more details
Wiktionarypar watermark Watermark can refer to Watermark , a recognizable image or pattern in paper used to identify authenticity Digital watermarks and digital security Digital watermarking , a technique to embed data in digital audio, images or video Audio watermark detection , techniques for detecting hidden information from watermarked signal. High water mark computer security , Network Security terminology Watermark data file , a method for ensuring data integrity which combines aspects of data hashing and digital watermarking Watermark data synchronization , Directory Synchronization related programming terminology Watermarking attack , an attack on disk encryption methods Music Watermark Art Garfunkel album Watermark Art Garfunkel album , a 1977 album by Art Garfunkel Watermark band , a CCM singing duo comprising Nathan and Christy Nockels Watermark Enya album Watermark Enya album , a 1988 album by Enya Watermark Weakerthans EP Books and films Watermark , a 1992 book by Joseph Brodsky Watermark A Novel of the Middle Ages , a 2010 book by Vanitha Sankaran Watermarks film Watermarks film , a 2004 documentary about the Viennese Hakoah swim team Organizations Watermark Inc. , a radio syndication company Finance Watermark , a target dollar amount for hedge fund managers before they can take profit. See also Digital on screen graphic , a logo or icon displayed on screen. Disambig NOTOC fr Watermark it Watermark nl Watermark pt Watermark ru sv Watermark uk ... more details
distinguish Replay attack The copy attack is an attack on certain digital watermarking systems proposed by M. Kutter, S. Voloshynovskiy, and A. Herrige in a paper presented in January, 2000 at the Photonics West SPIE convention. ref M. Kutter, S. Voloshynovskiy, and A. Herrigel. The Watermark Copy Attack. Proceedings of the SPIE, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents II, Volume 3971, pages 371 379. San Jose, CA, 2000. ref In some scenarios, a digital watermark is added to a piece of Computer media media such as an image , film , or audio clip , to prove its authenticity. If a piece of media were presented and found to lack a watermark, it would be considered suspect. Alternatively, a security system could be devised which would limit a user s ability to manipulate any piece of media which contained a watermark. For instance, a DVD burner may prohibit making copies of a film which contained a watermark. The copy attack attempts to thwart the effectiveness of such systems by estimating the watermark given in an originally watermarked piece of media, and then adding that watermark to an un watermarked piece. In the first scenario listed above, this would allow an attacker to have an inauthentic image be declared authentic, since it contains a watermark. In the second scenario, an attacker could flood the market with content which ordinarily would allow a user to manipulate it as he saw fit, but due to the presence of the watermark, limitations would be imposed. In this way, schemes which sought to limit use of watermarked media may prove to be too unpopular for wide distribution. In a 2003 paper presented at the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing , ref J. Barr, B. Bradley, and B. Hannigan. http www.digimarc.com tech docs dmrc image signatures.pdf Using Digital Watermarks with Image Signatures to Mitigate the Threat of the Copy ... not authenticate it. References reflist Category Computer security exploits Category Watermarking ... more details
DWA may refer to Companies and organisations Digital Watermarking Alliance DreamWorks Animation , the NYSE stock symbol of their company Dutch Waterski Association Dallas World Aquarium Other IBM Lotus Domino Web Access Domino Web Access IBM Lotus Dynamic window approach , a real time collision avoidance strategy Designated Waiting Area Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976 UK legislation controlling ownership of dangerous animals Humid continental climate with monsoonal influences hot, humid, rainy summers and cold, dry winters according to the K ppen climate classification disambiguation de DWA it DWA ... more details
Orphan date November 2006 In computer programming , an opaque predicate is a Predicate mathematical logic predicate &mdash an expression that evaluates to either true or false &mdash for which the outcome is known by the programmer a priori , but which, for a variety of reasons, still needs to be evaluated at Run time program lifecycle phase run time . Opaque predicates have been used as watermark s, as it will be identifiable in a program s executable. They can also be used to prevent an overzealous Compiler optimization optimizer from optimizing away a portion of a program. Another use is in Obfuscated code obfuscating the control flow of a program in order to make reverse engineering harder. External links http crypto.cs.mcgill.ca garboit sp paper.pdf A Method for Watermarking Java Programs via Opaque Predicates PDF Category Computer programming compu prog stub ... more details
An intellectual property infringement is the infringement or violation of an intellectual property right . There are several types of intellectual property rights, such as copyright s, patent s, and trademark s. Therefore, an intellectual property infringement may for instance be a Copyright infringement Patent infringement Trademark infringement Techniques to detect or deter intellectual property infringement include Fictitious entry , such as Fictitious dictionary entry. An example is Esquivalience included in the New Oxford American Dictionary NOAD Trap street , a fictitious street included on a map for the purpose of trapping potential copyright violators of the map Watermarking See also Code of non infringement Design around patent law Intellectual property violation in the People s Republic of China law stub Category Intellectual property law Infringement, intellectual property ... more details
Gerald Gerry Kearby is an entrepreneur who rose to prominence during the Dot com bubble dot com boom of the late 1990s. He has worked predominantly with music and audio related electronics and software companies. He was previously co founder, CEO and President of Liquid Audio, Inc. ref http www.museresearch.com bio gerry kearby.php Bio at museresearch.com ref In that position, he testified before the US Congress regarding digital music distribution. ref http judiciary.senate.gov testimony.cfm?id 198&wit id 266 Digital music testimony before US Congress ref At Liquid Audio he also drove development of digital audio digital watermarking watermarking technology since acquired and used by Microsoft ref http www.eweek.com article2 0,3959,899756,00.asp eweek s article on Microsoft acquision of Liquid Audio ref At its peak, Liquid Audio had a market capitalization close to 1 billion. Prior to Liquid Audio, Mr. Kearby was co founder and Chief Executive Officer of Integrated Media Systems, a manufacturer of computer based professional audio equipment from June 1995 to December 1995. From January 1989 until June 1995, Mr. Kearby served as Vice President of Sales and Marketing at Studer Editech Corporation, a professional audio recording division of the Studer company. ref name Muse Research http www.museresearch.com about.php?id 11 Muse Research ref Kearby created some of the earliest versions of digital audio workstation product families working with Michael Newman product marketer . References references Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Kearby, Gerry ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Kearby, Gerry Category Year of birth missing living people Category Living people Category Dot com people ... more details
Other uses FPO disambiguation FPO In graphic design and printing , FPO pronunciation each letter is pronounced separately eff pee oh equates to for position only or for placement only . Blank placeholders or temporary low resolution illustrations are Digital watermarking watermark ed or stamped with the acronym FPO to indicate where the final version of an image is to be placed in the final file, film, or plate. FPO images are commonly used while the layout of a print project is being determined, and or when desired images are still to be scanned or photographed. They preserve the pagination that will be needed once the final images are added. In web design, FPO placeholder images provide a means for coders to finish building a website without waiting for final photographic assets. Rarely, an FPO image makes it into print through an error by the production staff. References Reflist Refimprove date March 2009 Category Printing terminology Category Web design design stub ... more details
programs , Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology CRYPTO , 2001. ref Hardware watermarking can be used in conjunction with hardware obfuscation. In an obfuscated design, watermarking ... more details
Cinavia works to prevent copying via the Steganography detection of a Digital watermarking watermark ... copy of a work back to its origin traitor tracing . The data throughput for a watermarking system ... Digital watermarking Category Optical disc copy protection fr cinavia ... more details
unreferenced date November 2011 notability date December 2011 Dotfuscator is software used for obfuscation of .NET assemblies. Among its abilities are mangling of identifier names into unreadable characters, but also changing control flow into being more unreadable at the IL level for a human and other relatively advanced changes. Note that name mangling interferes with reflection and whenever it is an issue, identifiers that are used with e.g. Windows Forms or Windows Presentation Foundation WPF data binding have to be manually excluded. Control flow changes are designed in such a way that the Just in time compilation JIT compiler is able to unravel them and produce identical code. They re not known to introduce performance issues. Other possible change is watermarking each executable DLL to make it easy for the copyright holder to harass the copy owner through legal means in case it spreads through file sharing . The free edition available to Visual Studio owners doesn t do much else than name mangling. External links http msdn.microsoft.com en us library ms227240.aspx MS DevTools Category Obfuscation Category Visual Studio extensions Programming software stub ... more details
Earl Levine developed streaming media and audio watermarking technologies during the dot com bubble of the late 1990s. He worked at VXtreme until its acquisition by Microsoft . Following that he worked for Liquid Audio. Liquid Audio s patent portfolio was acquired by Microsoft in 2002. ref Cite web title Microsoft Rolls Out Rights Management Software url http www.eweek.com article2 0,3959,899756,00.asp date 2003 02 21 publisher eWEEK accessdate 2011 05 04 ref Since his departure from Liquid Audio, he has been involved with numerous Silicon Valley start up companies. Fact date February 2007 He graduated from Richardson High School in the same class as Carla Overbeck . References references External links http projects.zillabit.com mouse2c.html MOUSE.MOVE http citeseer.ist.psu.edu levine95time.html Neural network data compression paper Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Levine, Earl ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Levine, Earl Category American inventors Category Computer specialist stubs Category Computer programmers Category Stanford University alumni Category Living people Compu bio stub ... more details
founding members of the Digital Watermarking Alliance , an organization that was formed to promote and educate the public about the benefits of digital watermarking technology. References references ... more details
Brief Article date 1 September 1996 ref Digimarc released its first product a digital watermarking ... date 18 January 2009 ref The new Digimarc corporation consists solely of its digital watermarking business ... Founding partner of the Digital Watermarking Alliance. ref http www.digitalwatermarkingalliance.org ... in 1995 Category Digital watermarking Category Companies listed on NASDAQ ... more details
Infobox Television episode Title Live Debate Series The West Wing TV series The West Wing Image Image Tww live debate1.jpg 250 px Caption Season 7 Episode 139 Airdate November 6, 2005 Production 2T6207 Writer Lawrence O Donnell Lawrence O Donnell, Jr. Director Alex Graves Guests Janeane Garofalo br Ron Silver br Teri Polo br Patricia Richardson br Forrest Sawyer Episode list List of The West Wing episodes List of The West Wing episodes Season list Infobox The West Wing season 7 episode list Prev Next The Debate is episode 139 of The West Wing TV series The West Wing . The episode was broadcast Live television live with the NBC Digital watermarking watermark on screen. Because of this, there are actually two versions of this episode one performed live for east coast audiences and a second performed a few hours later for west coast broadcast. Only the west coast version appears on the season seven DVD. Plot The episode features a debate between Arnold Vinick and Matt Santos , the two presidential candidates, with Forrest Sawyer serving as moderator. This is the only episode of the series which does not feature any of the original cast members. Aside from Bruno Gianelli, none of the characters in this episode were introduced before season 6. The set used for the debate was the same as used in the nonfictional 2004 NBC Presidential Debate between incumbent President George W. Bush R and Senator John Kerry D . External links http westwingepguide.com S7 Episodes 141 TD.html The Debate West Wing Episode Guide http www.washingtonpost.com wp dyn content article 2005 11 07 AR2005110701712.html Washington Post article Vinick Sways Voters, er, Viewers on West Wing describing network plans for, and audience reactions to, the episode http westwing.bewarne.com seventh 707live.html Dialogue excerpts from unofficial fan website. tww Navbox The West Wing episodes DEFAULTSORT Debate, The Category The West Wing season 7 episodes Debate Category 2005 television episodes WestWing stub ... more details
of Geneva concentrated on the then emerging field of digital watermarking . He ... of digital watermarking and content protection year 2003 publisher Artech House isbn 9781580531115 ... spectrum digital image watermarking, Signal Processing, vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 303 317, May 1998 ... more details
notability date May 2010 Unreferenced date April 2009 Infobox Software name HyperCam author developer Hyperionics & Solveig Multimedia released latest release version 3.3.1111.16 latest release date 2011.11.16 latest preview version latest preview date operating system Microsoft Windows platform genre Screencasting software license Proprietary software website http www.hyperionics.com www.hyperionics.com http www.solveigmm.com www.solveigmm.com HyperCam is a screencasting program. It captures the action from a Microsoft Windows screen and saves it to an AVI Audio Video Interleave d or WMV Windows Media Video or ASF Advanced Systems Format movie file. HyperCam will also record all sound output, and sound from the system microphone can also be recorded. HyperCam is primarily intended for creating Presentation program software presentation s, tutorials, demonstrations, Software walkthrough walkthrough s, and other various tasks the user wants to demonstrate. The latest versions also capture overlay video and can re record movies and video clips e.g. recording videos playing in Windows Media Player , RealVideo , QuickTime , etc. . Beginning with version 3.0, HyperCam also includes a built in editor for trimming and merging captured AVI,WMV,ASF files. The unregistered version of HyperCam 3 applies a Digital watermarking digital watermark to the upper left corner of each recorded file and will ask the user to register on every startup. Base registration, which costs 39.95, will eliminate this watermark. Hyperionics has now made HyperCam 2 a permanent free download, saying that it now has a free license for worldwide use . See also Comparison of screencasting software External links http www.solveigmm.com en products hypercam HyperCam 3 Official site http www.hyperionics.com HyperCam 2 Official site http www.solveigmm.com forum HyperCam Support Forum Category Screencasting software multimedia software stub Windows software stub fr Hypercam nl Hypercam pt HyperCam ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Expert subject Telecommunications date January 2009 The objective difference grade ODG is calculated by perceptual evaluation of the audio quality algorithm specified in ITU BS.1387 1. PEAQ ref http www.itu.int rec R REC BS.1387 en ref It corresponds to the subjective difference grade used in human based audio tests. ref Bosi, M. and Goldberg, R. E. 2002 Introduction to Digital Audio Coding and Standards. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ref . The ODG ranges from 0 to 4 and is defined as follows class wikitable border 1 Impairment description ITU R Grade ref http www.itu.int rec R REC BS.1284 en ref ODG Imperceptible 5.0 0.0 Perceptible, but not annoying 4.0 1.0 Slightly annoying 3.0 2.0 Annoying 2.0 3.0 Very annoying 1.0 4.0 References Reflist Further reading cite book title Audio Signal Processing and Coding author Andreas Spanias, Ted Painter, Venkatraman Atti pages 401 chapter Quality Measures for Perceptual Audio Coding publisher Wiley Interscience date 2007 isbn 0471791474 isbn13 9780471791478 cite book title Digital Audio Watermarking Techniques and Technologies author By Nedeljko Cvejic, Tapio Tapio Sepp nen publisher Idea Group Inc date 2007 isbn 159904515X isbn13 9781599045153 pages 270 chapter Subjective and Objective Quality Evaluation of Watremarked Audio Category Digital audio telecom stub radio comm stub de Objective Difference Grade ... more details
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