Multiple issues unreferenced February 2007 orphan February 2009 Infobox OS name Unix NS screenshot caption developer NCR Corporation NCR family Unix source model Closed source kernel type Monolithic kernel license Proprietary software Proprietary Unix NS the NCR Corporation NCR 3700 Operating System is based on the Unix SVR4 . It contains significant extensions for massively parallel systems, in particular Distributed Memory DBMSs. The extensions include the concepts of virtual processor and virtual disk, message and global synchronization system, segment system, and globally distributed objects. When compared to other parallel UNIX operating systems like Mach or ChorusOS Chorus , Unix NS has a more powerful communication and message addressing paradigm, and richer process group management and global synchronization mechanism. Unix like DEFAULTSORT Unix Ns Category UNIX System V de Unix NS ... more details
lowercase title clear Unix Image Clear gnulinux.gif thumb Clear being used on GNU Linux under uxterm code clear do not subst template code tag breaks popups is a standard Unix computer operating system command which is used to clear the screen. Depending on the system, tt clear tt uses the terminfo or termcap database, as well as looking into the environment for the terminal type in order to deduce how to clear the screen. The Unix command tt clear tt takes no arguments and is roughly analogous to the MS DOS command tt Cls computing cls tt . See also List of Unix programs External links http invisible island.net ncurses man clear.1.html The manual tt man tt page for tt clear tt unix commands Unix stub Category Unix software el Clear Unix fa Clear fr Clear Unix hu Clear Unix zh Clear ... more details
Ancient UNIX is a term coined by Santa Cruz Operation , Citation needed date October 2009 to describe early releases of the Unix code base released prior to Unix System III , particularly the Research Unix releases prior to and including Version 7 the base for UNIX 32V as well as later developments of AT&T Unix . After the publication of the Lions Commentary on UNIX 6th Edition, with Source Code Lions book , work was undertaken to release the earlier versions of the codebase. SCO first released the code under a limited educational license. Citation needed date October 2009 Later, in January 2002, Caldera International now SCO Group relicensed but has not made available several versions under the four clause BSD license , namely ref cite web url http www.lemis.com grog UNIX title UNIX is free ... February 19, 2009 title Dear Unix enthusiasts, last Broderick first Bill date January 23, 2002 publisher Caldera ref UNIX 32V Research Unix early versions only Version 1 Unix Version 2 Unix Version 3 Unix Version 4 Unix Version 5 Unix Version 6 Unix Version 7 Unix So far there has been no widespread use of the code, but it can be used on emulator systems, and Version 5 Unix has been made to run ... www.kernelthread.com publications gbaunix title UNIX on the Game Boy Advance last Singh first Amit date August 2004 accessdate 2009 10 22 ref As an example of how relicensing the old Unix code bases has affected the modern computing community, the BSD vi text editor was based on code from the ed UNIX ... vi has been adapted for modern Unix like operating systems. ref cite web url http ex vi.sourceforge.net title The Traditional Vi ref References reflist External links http www.tuhs.org The Unix Heritage Society , TUHS a website dedicated to the preservation and maintenance of historical UNIX ... unix 1st Unix First Edition Manual Pages Unix like DEFAULTSORT Ancient Unix Systems Category Bell Labs Unices Category Discontinued operating systems Unix stub ja Ancient UNIX ... more details
Inappropriate tone date December 2007 Bell Unix Research Unix is a term used to refer to versions of the Unix ... to as Department 1127 . History The term Research Unix first appeared in the Bell System Technical ... Labs such as PWB UNIX and Multi Environment Real Time MERT whose code base had diverged from the primary CSRC version. However, that term was little used until Version 8 Unix , but has been retcon retroactively ... called simply UNIX in caps or the UNIX Time Sharing System. Because both the early versions and the last ... Unix versions are often referred to by the edition of the Unix manual manual that describes them. So, the first Research Unix would be the First Edition, and the last the Tenth Edition. Another common way of referring to them is Version x or V x Unix, where x is the manual edition. All modern editions of Unix excepting implementations from scratch like Coherent operating system Coherent , Minix , and Linux , usually referred to as Unix like derive from the 7th Edition. Versions class wikitable Manual Edition Release date Description 1st Edition Nov. 3, 1971 First edition of the Unix manual, based on the version that ran on the PDP 11 at the time. Unix was actually 2 years old at the time and had ... the C programming language C programming language and Unix pipe pipes total number of installations was 16. 4th Edition Nov. 1973 First Unix written in C programming language C . It also introduced Group identifier Unix groups . Number of installations was listed as above 20 . The manual was formatted ... above 50 . Version 6 Unix 6th Edition May 1975 First Unix to see widespread distribution outside ... UNIX, a cut down v6 for the low end PDP 11 10. Version 7 Unix 7th Edition Jan. 1979 The ancestor of all modern UNIX systems and the last release of Research Unix to see widespread external distributions. Merged together most of the utilities of PWB UNIX with an extensively modified kernel with almost 80 more lines of code than V6. In February, a port called UNIX 32V 32V was made to DEC s VAX hardware ... more details
lowercase head is a Computer program program on Unix and Unix like systems used to display the first few lines of a text Computer file file or pipe computing pipe d data. The command syntax is head options < file name> By default, tt head tt will print the first 10 lines of its input to the standard output . The number of lines printed may be changed with a command line option. The following example shows the first 20 lines of filename head n 20 filename This displays the first 5 lines of all files starting with foo head n 5 foo Some versions omit the n and just let you say 5. Flags c x number of bytes Copy first x number of bytes. Other Many early versions of Unix did not have this command, and so documentation and books had sed do this job sed 5q foo This says to print every line implicit , and quit after the fifth. See also tail Unix tail , dd Unix dd List of Unix programs External links http www.gnu.org software coreutils manual html node head invocation.html head manual page from GNU coreutils . http www.freebsd.org cgi man.cgi?query head&apropos 0&sektion 0&manpath FreeBSD 5.3 RELEASE and Ports&format html FreeBSD documentation for head Unix commands Category Unix text processing utilities Category Unix SUS2008 utilities cs Head de Head Unix el Head Unix es Head Unix fr Head Unix ko Head it Head hu Head Unix ja Head pl Head Unix pt Head ro Head Unix ru Head Unix uk Head tr Head Unix ... more details
lowercase code fc do not subst template code tag breaks popups is a standard program on Unix that lists or edits and reexecutes, commands previously entered to an interactive shell. fc is a Shell builtin built in command in the Bash Unix shell bash shell help fc will show usage information. Examples Features History See also List of Unix programs References Solaris 10 man page for fc command External links man cu fc SUS process the command history list unix commands Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities el Fc Unix ... more details
Lowercase for other uses of TTY TTY disambiguation TTY tt tty tt is a Unix Command computing command that prints to Standard streams Standard output stdout standard output the name of the computer terminal terminal connected to Standard streams Standard input stdin standard input . The name of the program comes from Teleprinter teletypewriter , abbreviated TTY . When the program runs, it will output something like this source lang bash tty dev pts 4 source See also Process computing Computer Process Computer terminal Computer Terminal tt Getty Unix getty tt tt setterm tt tt stty tt tt tset tt Pseudo terminal Pseudo Terminal pts External links Man 1 tty br http www.linusakesson.net programming tty index.php The TTY demystified tty history Unix stub Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities es Tty Unix fr Tty Unix id Tty ja Tty pt Tty Unix ru Tty UNIX ... more details
lowercase type Unix type is a Unix command that describes how its arguments would be interpreted if used as command names. Function Where applicable, type will display the command name s path. Possible command types are Shell builtin shell built in function alias command alias hashed command keyword The command returns a non zero exit status if command names cannot be found. Examples type test test is a shell builtin type cp cp is bin cp type unknown bash type unknown not found type type type is a shell builtin type a gzip gzip is opt local bin gzip gzip is usr bin gzip See also List of Unix utilities command shell builtin which Unix hash Unix Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities software stub unix commands es type Unix ... more details
Original research date August 2008 Infobox OS name Amiga UNIX logo screenshot caption developer Commodore International Commodore Amiga, Inc. family UNIXUnix System V System V R4 source model primarily closed source latest release version 2.01 latest release date 1992 kernel type Monolithic kernel Monolithic license Proprietary software Proprietary website working state Historic supported platforms Motorola 68030 Commodore International Commodore Amiga, Inc. , in 1990, did a full port of AT&T Unix System V Unix System V Release 4 for the Amiga computer family in addition to the proprietary AmigaOS ... 3000UX , Commodore s Unix was one of the first ports of SVR4 to the 68k architecture. The Amiga ... Unix contained no compatibility layer to allow AmigaOS applications to run under Unix. With few ... to find a niche in the quite competitive Unix workstation market of the early 1990s. The A3000UX ... compared to other Unix workstations at the time, such as the NeXTstation 5,000 for a base system ... www.digibarn.com collections systems sgi indy index.html Unlike typical commercial Unix distributions of the time, Amiga Unix included the source code to the vendor specific enhancements and platform ... license terms as the binary part of the system it was open source but not free software . Amiga Unix ... Window System , and included their source code. Like many other Unix variants with small market shares, Amiga Unix vanished into the mists of computer history when its vendor, Commodore, went out of business. Today, Unix like operating systems such as Minix , NetBSD , and Linux are available for the Amiga platform, but the commercial and AT&T licensed Amiga Unix has not been revived. External links ... The Very Unofficial Commodore Amiga Unix AMIX Wiki Unix like AmigaOS Amiga hardware Category Amiga Category UNIX System V Category Discontinued operating systems unix stub de AMIX es Amiga Unix it Amiga Unix pl Amiga Unix ru Amiga UNIX ... more details
lowercase tt split tt is a Unix utility most commonly used to split a Computer file file into two or more smaller files. Usage The command syntax is source lang bash split OPTION INPUT PREFIX source The default behavior of tt split tt is to generate output files of a fixed size, default 1000 lines. The files are named by appending aa , ab , ac , etc. to output filename . If output filename is not given, the default filename of x is used, for example, xaa , xab , etc. When a hyphen is used instead of input filename , data is derived from standard input . p To split filename to parts each 50 MB named part aa , part ab , part ac ,.... source lang bash split b50m filename part source To join the files back together again use the Cat Unix tt cat tt command source lang bash cat xaa xab xac filename source or source lang bash cat xa a c filename source or even source lang bash cat xa filename source Additional program options permit a maximum character count instead of a line count , a maximum line length, how many incrementing characters in generated filenames, and whether to use letters or digits. Manual man 1 split split a file into pieces See also csplit splits by content rather than by size List of Unix utilities unix stub Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Unix commands ca Split Unix de Split Unix el Split Unix es Split Unix fa Split ko Split it Split Unix hu Split Unix ja Split pl Split Unix pt Split Unix ro Split Unix ru Split uk Split ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Image Unix history.svg thumb 450px Unix genealogy tree The Unix wars were the struggles between vendor s of the Unix computer operating system in the late 1980s and early 1990s to set the standard for Unix thenceforth. Origins In the mid 1980s, the two common versions of Unix were BSD , from the University of California, Berkeley , and UNIX System V System V , from AT&T . Both were derived from the earlier Version 7 Unix , but had diverged considerably. Further, each vendor s version of Unix was different to some degree. A group of vendors formed the X Open open standard ... s. They chose to base their system on Unix. X Open caught AT&T s attention. To increase the uniformity of Unix, AT&T and leading BSD Unix vendor Sun Microsystems started work in 1987 on a unified system ... Laboratory s System V environment for BSD Unix. This was eventually released as System V Release 4 SVR4 . While this decision was applauded by customers and the trade press, certain other Unix licensees .... The same year, AT&T and another group of licensees responded by forming UNIX International . Technical ... versions of Unix, with X Open holding the middle ground. The move towards open source code In March ..., effectively marking the end of the most significant era of the Unix wars. In June, AT&T sold its UNIX assets to Novell , and in October Novell transferred the Unix brand to X Open. In 1996, X Open and the new OSF merged to form the Open Group . COSE work such as the Single UNIX Specification , the current standard for branded Unix, is now the responsibility of the Open Group. However, the damage to Unix s market reputation had been done. Since then, occasional bursts of Unix factionalism have broken ... Caldera . The Berkeley Software Distribution emerged as an independent Unix like operating system, with the purging ... based on this combination. Linux derivatives are not compatible enough to qualify for the Unix trademark. On the other hand, BSD systems can at least claim direct ancestry to Version 7 Unix . Or, according ... more details
unreferenced date July 2011 lowercase title strip Unix In Unix and Unix like operating systems, the code strip code program removes unnecessary information from executable binary programs and object files, thus potentially resulting in better performance and sometimes significantly less disk space usage. This information may consist of debugging and symbol information however the standard leaves the scope of changes up to the implementer. The effect of code strip code can be achieved directly by the compiler . For instance, in GNU Compiler Collection this option is code s code . The GNU Project ships an implementation of code strip code as part of the GNU Binutils package. code strip code has been ported to other operating systems including Microsoft Windows . See also Portal Free software Executable compression List of Unix programs Strings Unix Debug symbol Symbol table References citation publisher The Open Group url http www.opengroup.org onlinepubs 007908799 xcu strip.html contribution strip title The Single UNIX Specification, Version 2 date 1997 External links man 1 strip Discard symbols from object files Unix stub Unix commands Category Unix programming tools Category Unix SUS2008 utilities el Strip Unix ko Strip ... more details
Unix International or UI was an association created in 1988 to promote open standards, especially the Unix operating system . Its most notable members were AT&T and Sun Microsystems , and in fact the commonly accepted reason for its existence was as a counterbalance to the Open Software Foundation OSF , itself created in response to AT&T s and Sun s Unix partnership of that time. UI and OSF thus represented the two sides of the Unix Wars in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In May 1993, the major members of both UI and OSF announced the Common Open Software Environment COSE initiative. This was followed by the merging of UI and OSF into a new OSF in March 1994, which in turn merged with X Open in 1996, forming The Open Group . References http www.groklaw.net article.php?story 20050601125916588 Chapter 11. OSF and UNIX International Peter H. Salus , The Daemon, the GNU and the Penguin http groups.google.com group comp.unix.osf.misc msg 4ebc895ff10823f1 UI OSF merger announcements org stub Category Standards organizations Category Unix history cs Unix International es Unix International ko ja UNIX International pt Unix International ru Unix International ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 lowercase timex is a Unix utility tool, most commonly used in the measurement of duration of shell processes. It is also used to measure process data and system activity. The tool appears in IBM s AIX operating system AIX version of Unix and the Solaris Operating System from Sun Microsystems. See also List of Unix programs External links http www.llnl.gov computing tutorials performance tools man timex.txt Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory s copy of the AIX timex man page. http docs.sun.com app docs doc 816 5165 timex 1?l en&a view&q timex timex time a command report process data and system activity Solaris Operating System Solaris Manual page Unix man page unix commands Category Unix process and task management related software unix stub pl Timex Unix ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Lowercase title rcp Unix rcp stands for the Unix remote copy command. It is a command on the Unix operating systems that is used to remotely copy to copy one or more files from one computer system to another. It typically uses the TCP IP protocol and the .rhosts file for authentication, but has been implemented to alternatively support Kerberos protocol Kerberos . As described in the rlogin article, rcp is not secure for network use, because it sends unencrypted information over the network, among other things. It has largely been replaced by the Secure Shell ssh based utility secure copy scp . See also rsync secure copy scp References https blogs.oracle.com janp entry how the scp protocol works How the scp Protocol Works Unix commands Category Unix network related software Category Network file transfer protocols bg Rcp es Rcp fr Rcp Unix it Rcp Unix ja Rcp pl Rcp Unix ... more details
Infobox OS name Interactive Unix developer Interactive Systems Corporation family Unix source model Closed source latest release version 4.1.1 kernel type Monolithic kernel working state End of life product End of life website http www.sun.com software ius Interactive UNIX Systems Dead link date December 2011 Image Interactive unix w looking glass.png thumb 200px right INTERACTIVE UNIX with Looking Glass interface under Qemu Interactive Unix System V 386 is a porting port of the UNIX System V operating system for Intel x86 processors. Image Iusdisk.jpg 200px thumb right Interactive Unix 5 inch floppy disk s The system was first released by Interactive Systems Corporation ISC as 386 ix in 1985. At that time it was based on System V.3.0. Later versions were based on System V.3.2. Sun Microsystems acquired ISC in 1992 from its parent Eastman Kodak the last version was System V 386 Release 3.2 Version 4.1.1 released in July 1998. Official support ended in July 2006, five years after Sun withdrew the product from sale. Until version ISA 3.0.1, Interactive Unix supported only 16 megabyte MB of random access memory RAM . In the next versions, it supported 256MB RAM and Peripheral Component Interconnect PCI bus. EISA versions always support 256MB RAM. External links http www.tenox.tc docs Interactive Unix Documentation Unix like Category UNIX System V Category Discontinued operating systems de Interactive Unix pt Interactive Unix ru Interactive Unix ... more details
Image Unix history simple.svg thumb Diagram of the relationships between the major Unix like systems A Unix like sometimes referred to as UN X or nix operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification . There is no Technical standard standard for defining the term, and some difference of opinion is possible as to the degree to which a given OS is Unix like . The term can include free and open source software free and open source operating systems inspired by Bell Labs Unix ... on the software license licensed UNIX source code which may be sufficiently Unix like to pass certification and bear the UNIX trademark . Definition The Open Group owns the UNIX trademark and administers the Single UNIX Specification, with the UNIX name being used as a certification mark . They do not approve of the construction Unix like , and consider it a misuse of their trademark. Their guidelines require UNIX to be presented in uppercase or otherwise distinguished from the surrounding ... The Open Group. ref Other parties frequently treat Unix as a genericized trademark . Some add ... S. Raymond coauthors Guy L. Steele Jr. work The Jargon File ref or nix , since Unix like systems often have Unix like names such as AIX operating system AIX , HP UX , IRIX , Linux , Minix , Ultrix ... to refer to any UNIX descendant or work alike system, even those with completely dissimilar names ... of UNIX as a trademark, but lost his case, and lost again on appeal. Also in 2007, the Open ... Nummer 3, 17 April 2007 ref History Ref improve section date April 2010 Unix like systems ... to academic users of UNIX. When AT&T later allowed commercial licensing of UNIX in the 1980s, a variety ... POSIX and the Single UNIX Specification . Meanwhile, the GNU Project was launched in 1983 with the goal .... Various Unix like operating systems developed alongside GNU, frequently sharing substantial ... more details
lowercase two other uses the Unix command Unix s means of representing points in time Unix time the Unix function call time.h code time code is a command in the Unix operating systems. It is used to determine the duration of execution of a particular command computing command . Usage To use the command, simply precede any command by the word code time code , such as source lang bash time ls source When the command completes, code time code will report how long it took to execute the code ls code command in terms of user CPU time , system CPU time, and real time. The output format varies between different versions of the command, and some give additional statistics, as in this example source lang bash time host wikipedia.org wikipedia.org has address 207.142.131.235 0.000u 0.000s 0 00.17 0.0 0 0k 0 0io 0pf 0w source time 1 can exist as a standalone program such as GNU time or as a Unix shell shell builtin e.g. in tcsh or in zsh . User Time vs System Time The term user CPU time can be a bit misleading at first. To be clear, the total CPU time is the combination of the amount of time the CPU s spend performing some action for a program and the amount of time the CPU s spend performing system call s for the kernel computer science kernel on the program s behalf. When a program loops through an array, it is accumulating user CPU time. Conversely, when a program executes a system call such as code exec code or code fork code , it is accumulating system CPU time. Real Time vs CPU Time ... code system call is used instead. See also List of Unix programs System time Unix time Cron process ... man 1 time Linux time a simple command or give resource usage GNU unix commands unix stub Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category Unix process and task management related software ar ca Time Unix de Time Unix fa Time it Time Unix la Time programma hu Time Unix ja Time UNIX pl Time Unix pt Time Unix ro Time Unix ru Time Unix tr Time unix ... more details
lowercase tac is a Linux command that allows you to see a file line by line backwards. It is named by analogy with cat Unix cat . Usage pre Usage tac OPTION ... FILE ... Write each FILE to standard output, last line first. With no FILE, or when FILE is , read standard input. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. b, before attach the separator before instead of after r, regex interpret the separator as a regular expression s, separator STRING use STRING as the separator instead of newline help display this help and exit version output version information and exit pre See also cat Unix cat External links Manual pages man 1 tac unix commands Category Unix text processing utilities Unix stub hu Tac Unix pl Tac Unix ru Tac uk Tac ... more details
Bell Unix The Programmer s Workbench PWB UNIX was an early version of the Unix operating system created in the Bell Labs Computer Science Research Group of AT&T . Prior to 1976 Unix development at AT&T was a project of a small group of researchers in Department 1127 of Bell Labs . As the usefulness of Unix grew, the company decided to develop a version of Unix tailored to support programmer s in production work, not just research. The Programmer s Workbench was started in 1973, ref name Mashey John R. Mashey 2004 . http queue.acm.org detail.cfm?id 1039532 Languages, Levels, Libraries, and Longevity . ACM Queue 2 9 . ref by Evan Ivie and Rudd Canaday to support a computer center for a 1000 employee Bell Labs division, which would be the largest Unix site for several years. PWB UNIX was to provide tools for teams of programmers to manage their source code and collaborate on projects with other team members. While the PWB group managed their source code on Unix systems, programs were often written to run on other legacy operating systems. For this reason, PWB included software for Batch processing submitting jobs to IBM System 370 , UNIVAC 1100 series, and Scientific Data Systems XDS SDS Sigma 5 Sigma 5 computers. In 1978 PWB supported a user community of about 1100 users in the Business Information Systems Programs BISP group of Bell Labs. Two major releases of Programmer s Workbench were produced. PWB UNIX 1.0, released July 1, 1977 was based on Version 6 Unix PWB 2.0 was based on Version 7 Unix . Most of PWB UNIX was later incorporated in the commercial UNIX System III and UNIX System V releases. Features Notable firsts in PWB include The Source Code Control System , the first revision control system, written by Marc J. Rochkind The remote job entry batch submission system ... labs.com cm cs who dmr unixad.html Unix ad mentioning PWB , from a 1981 issue of Datamation on Dennis ... the Ancient UNIX Archive Unix like Category Unix fr PWB UNIX ja PWB UNIX ... more details
lowercase tt getty tt , short for get teletype , is a Unix program running on a host computer that manages physical or virtual Computer terminal terminals tty . When it detects a connection, it prompts for a username and runs the login program to authenticate the user. It is usually called by init . Originally, on traditional Unix systems, getty handled connections to serial terminals often teletype machines connected to a host computer. The tty part of the name stands for teletype, but has come to mean any type of text terminal . One getty process serves one terminal. In some systems, for example Solaris operating system Solaris , getty was replaced by ttymon. Personal computer s running Unix like operating system s, even if they do not provide any remote login services, may still use getty as a means of logging in on a local Virtual console PC virtual console . Instead of the login program, getty may also be set up by the system administrator to run any other program, for example a Point to Point Protocol PPP Daemon computer software daemon to provide dial up Internet access. See also tt setterm tt tt stty tt tt tset tt tt Tty Unix tty tt External links http www.freebsd.org cgi man.cgi?getty getty BSD Unix man Unix man page http docs.sun.com app docs doc 816 5166 ttymon 1m?l en&a view&q ttymon ttymon Solaris man Unix man page http www.tin.org bin man.cgi?section 8&topic getty agetty 8 alternative Linux agetty http www.linuxcommand.org man pages mgetty8.html mgetty 8 mgetty modem aware getty http www.linuxcommand.org man pages mingetty8.html mingetty 8 mingetty minimal getty http riemann.fmi.uni sofia.bg ngetty ngetty minimal getty one process controls all ttys http qingy.sourceforge.net Qingy Qingy Is Not GettY vgetty an extension to mgetty Unix stub Category Unix software fr Getty Unix it Getty Unix pt Getty Unix ru Getty zh Getty Unix ... more details
lowercase The link utility is a Unix command line program that creates a hard link from an existing directory entry to a new directory entry. It does no more than call the link system function. It does not perform error checking before attempting to create the link. It returns an exit status that indicates whether the link was created 0 if successful, 0 if an error occurred . Creating a link to a directory entry that is itself a directory requires elevated privileges. The ln Unix ln command is more commonly used as it provides more features it can create both hard links and symbolic link s, and has error checking. Synopsis link file1 file2 file1 The pathname of an existing file. file2 The pathname of the new directory entry to be created. Note that file1 must specify an existing file, and file2 must specify a nonexistent entry in an existing directory. Standards The link command is part of the Single UNIX Specification SUS , specified in the Shell and Utilities volume of the IEEE 1003.1 2001 standard. See also List of Unix utilities Unlink Unix unlink command External links http www.opengroup.org onlinepubs 000095399 idx utilities.html IEEE Std 1003.1 2004 Shell & Utilities volume list of Single UNIX Specification SUS utilities. http www.gnu.org software coreutils manual coreutils.html link invocation GNU Coreutils link documentation. unix commands Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Unix stub ... more details
On Unix like computer systems, factor is a utility for Factorization factoring an integer into its prime factors . factor first appeared on Fifth Edition Unix 5th edition Research Unix in 1974, as a user maintained utility section 6 of the man page manual . In the Seventh Edition Unix 7th edition in 1979, it was moved into the main commands section of the manual section 1 . From there, the factor utility was copied to all other variants of Unix , including commercial Unixes and BSD . In some variants of Unix, it is classified as a game more than a serious utility, and therefore documented in section 6. A free software version of the factor utility was written for the GNU project by Paul Rubin , in 1986. It is now available on all Linux distributions as part of the GNU Core Utilities . In 2008, GNU factor started to use GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library GNU MP library for arbitrary precision arithmetic, allowing it to factor integers of any length, not limited by the machine s native integer type . References http www.vector.comm.sfu.ca pups PDP 11 Distributions research Dennis v5 v5man.pdf manual page from Fifth Edition Unix section 6 user maintained programs http man.cat v.org unix 6th 6 factor factor manual page from Sixth Edition Unix section 6 user contributed . Category Unix ... more details
The Unix philosophy is a set of cultural norms and philosophical approaches to developing computer software software based on the experience of leading developers of the Unix operating system . McIlroy A Quarter Century of Unix Douglas McIlroy Doug McIlroy , the inventor of Pipeline UnixUnix pipes and one of the founders of the Unix tradition, summarized the philosophy as follows ref http www.faqs.org docs artu ch01s06.html Basics of the Unix Philosophy ref quote This is the Unix philosophy Write ... book The Art of Unix Programming , ref cite book title The Art of Unix Programming first Eric ... url http www.catb.org esr writings taoup html accessdate 2009 02 09 ref summarizes the Unix philosophy as the widely used KISS Principle of Keep it Simple, Stupid. ref cite book title The Art of Unix ... Addison Wesley url http www.catb.org esr writings taoup html chapter The Unix Philosophy in One ... of Unix Programming first Eric last Raymond authorlink Eric S. Raymond date 19 September 2003 isbn ... of the Unix Philosophy chapterurl http www.catb.org esr writings taoup html ch01s06.html id2878263 ... sooner than you think. Mike Gancarz The UNIX Philosophy In 1994 Mike Gancarz a member of the team that designed the X Window System , drew on his own experience with Unix, as well as discussions with fellow programmers and people in other fields who depended on Unix, to produce The UNIX Philosophy .... Avoid captive user interfaces. Make every program a Filter Unix filter . Worse is better Main Worse is better Richard P. Gabriel suggests that a key advantage of Unix was that it embodied a design ... he questions the quality of some results. For example, in the early days Unix was a monolithic .... The Unix system would occasionally return early from a system call with an error stating that it had ... Unix is simple. It just takes a genius to understand its simplicity. Dennis Ritchie Unix was not designed ... things. Doug Gwyn Unix never says please . Rob Pike Unix is user friendly. It just isn t promiscuous ... more details
lowercase In most Unix like operating systems , the code ps code program short for p rocess s tatus displays the currently running process computing processes . A related Unix utility named Top Unix top provides a real time view of the running processes. The code ps code command is analogous to the Microsoft Windows code tasklist code command. In Windows PowerShell , code ps code is a predefined Alias command command alias for the code Get Process code cmdlet which basically serves the same purpose. Examples For example source lang bash ps PID TTY TIME CMD 7431 pts 0 00 00 00 su 7434 pts 0 00 00 00 bash 18585 pts 0 00 00 00 ps source Users can also utilize the tt ps tt command in conjunction with the code grep code see the tt pgrep tt and tt pkill tt commands command to find information about one process, such as its process id source lang bash Trying to find the PID of firefox bin which is 2701 ps A grep firefox bin 2701 ? 22 16 04 firefox bin source and the easier version with tt pgrep tt source lang bash pgrep l firefox bin 2701 firefox bin source To see every process running as root real & effective ID in user format source lang bash ps U root u root u USER PID CPU MEM VSZ RSS TTY ... options. On operating system s that support the Single UNIX Specification SUS and POSIX standards, ps ... kill code List of Unix programs code nmon code &mdash a system monitor tool for the AIX and Linux operating systems. code pgrep code code pstree Unix pstree code code top Unix top code External ... Unix Specification http www.cyberciti.biz faq show all running processes in linux Show all running processes in Linux using ps command man 1 ps report a snapshot of the current processes unix commands Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category Unix process and task management related software bg Ps Unix ca Ps UNIX cs Ps Unix de Ps Unix el Ps Unix es Ps Unix fa Ps fr Ps Unix ko Ps it Ps Unix ka Ps hu Ps Unix nl Ps Unix ja Ps UNIX pl Ps Unix pt Ps Unix ro Ps Unix ru Ps uk Ps ... more details
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