bodies or scarring. This is especially true if the wheeze is monotone monotonal , occurs throughout ... , as occurs in some diseases that lead to collapse of parts of the lung s. The location of the wheeze ... of a wheeze does not reliably predict the degree of narrowing in the affected airway. ref cite journal ... 8620967 doi 10.1183 09031936.95.08111942 ref A special type of wheeze is stridor . Stridor ... more details
Squawks or short wheeze s are brief squeaky sounds that are also referred to as squeaks. Their waveforms show a Sine wave sinusoidal pattern with a duration 10 to 100 Millisecond ms and a frequency between 200 and 800 Hertz Hz . Squawks have been described in bird fancier s disease and other forms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis ref Earis JE, Marsh K, Pearson, MG. The inspiratory squawk in extrinsic allergic alveolitis and other pulmonary fibroses. Thorax 1979 37 923 926. ref . They are also heard in a variety of conditions in which alveolitis is present. In one study they were found in 10 of patients with pneumonia ref Paciej R, Vyshedskiy A, Bana D, Murphy R, Squawks in pneumonia, Thorax 2004 59 177 179 ref . References reflist Category Abnormal respiration ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Olden Type Compilation Artist 16 Horsepower Cover Olden hp.jpg Released 2003 Recorded 1993 1994 Genre Alternative country Length 1 03 32 Label Jet Set Records Reviews Allmusic Rating 4 5 http www.allmusic.com album olden r645737 review link Last album Folklore 16HP album Folklore br 2002 This album Olden br 2003 Next album Live March 2001 br 2008 Olden is a compilation album by 16 Horsepower , released July 8, 2003. It would be the last record released by 16 Horsepower before their break up. The album is divided into three sections, with each section separated by two short interviews with David Eugene Edwards , the band s vocalist and lead musician. The first seven tracks were recorded at the Night Owl Studio in Denver in 1993 , and are referred to as the Night Owl Studio sessions. The next six songs were recorded at Kerr Macy studio in Denver in 1994 . The last six songs are live recordings from their session at the Mercury Cafe in Denver in 1994. Track listing American Wheeze 3 55 Coal Black Horses 3 27 Scrawled in Sap 2 52 Prison Shoe Romp 2 51 I Seen What I Saw 2 59 Neck on the New Blade 3 08 Interview 0 20 South Pennsylvania Waltz 4 56 My Narrow Mind 4 56 American Wheeze 3 40 Shametown 2 51 Train Serenade 4 20 Strong Man 4 36 Interview 1 03 Slow Guilt Trot Live 3 34 Low Estate Live 3 38 Pure Clob Road Live 3 01 Heel on the Shovel Live 2 43 Sac of Religion Live 3 00 Dead Run Live 3 10 Mastered Absinthe Studio, Denver, CO br Produced 16 Horsepower . All songs by David Eugene Edwards 16 Horsepower, except track 12 by Keven Soll 16 Horsepower. Personnel br David Eugene Edwards vocals, bandoneon , guitars, banjo br Keven Soll acoustic bass guitar , double bass , vocals on track 12 br Jean Yves Tola drums Category 16 Horsepower albums Category English language compilation albums Category 2003 compilation albums fr Olden ... more details
Infobox book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name The Rape of the A P E orig title The Rape of the A.P.E. American Puritan Ethic The Official History of the Sex Revolution, 1945 1973 The Obscening of America, an R.S.V.P. translator image Image Rape of the ape.jpg image caption Cover of first paperback edition author Allan Sherman cover artist country United States language English language English series genre Non fiction publisher Putnam Publishing Group release date 1973 media type Print Hardcover Hardback & Paperback pages 410 pp isbn no ISBN oclc 2696289 The Rape of the A P E is a book by Allan Sherman , published in September 1973 by the Putnam Publishing Group ref name amazon http www.amazon.com Rape American Puritan Ethic Revolution dp 0671162519 Amazon.com Rape of the A. P. E. American Puritan Ethic The Official History of the Sex Revolution, 1945 1973 The Obscening of America, an R. S. V. P. Allan Sherman Bo... Bot generated title ref , regarding sex and its historical repression and resurgence in the United States ref name AC http www.austinchronicle.com gyrobase Issue story?oid oid 3A337525 The Austin Chronicle Arts Hello Muddah, Hello Fadduh My son, the theatrical revue Bot generated title ref . ref name latimeswheeze http pqasb.pqarchiver.com latimes access 636417512.html?dids 636417512 636417512&FMT ABS&FMTS ABS AI&date Oct 04 2C 1973&author ART SEIDENBAUM&pub Los Angeles Times&desc A Wheeze Over Sex&pqatl google A Wheeze over Sex . The Los Angeles Times . Art Seidenbaum. Oct 4, 1973. p. A1 ref The A.P.E. on the title is a pun play on the words ape and the American Puritan Ethic . The book was the subject of much publicity, when it appeared, due to both its subject and author. Despite his ill health at the time, Sherman went on a two week media tour to promote The Rape and appeared on many radio shows. ref name latimeswheeze References reflist Bibliography The Rape of the A.P.E American Puritan Ethic The Official History ... more details
on the show was performed by the cast members. The B side, Walking With Mr. Wheeze , is an instrumental .... Wheeze 3 31 French 7 single Our House Stretch mix 3 45 Walking with Mr. Wheeze 3 31 Stretch mix is a mostly ... 3 23 Walking with Mr. Wheeze 3 31 U.S. 12 single Our House Dance mix 5 02 Mad House Our House ... more details
only nominal relation to the original. The Wheeze mix is the only remix that utilizes the high ... names reference the medicinal Ventolin asthma beats , wheeze a symptom of asthma , and Salbutamol ... Ventolin the remixes EP Ventolin Wheeze Mix 7 07 Ventolin Carharrack Mix 2 49 Ventolin Probus ... more details
http www.independent.co.uk news uk home news transfer fees wheeze cuts old school ties 1412897.html ..., 10 July 1994, http www.independent.co.uk news uk home news transfer fees wheeze cuts old school ties 1412897.html Transfer fees wheeze cuts old school ties accessed 7 May 2010 ref Detmar ... more details
Orphan date June 2008 Notability date June 2008 ChestEze or Do Do ChestEze is a United Kingdom British over the counter substance over the counter pharmaceutical product manufactured by Novartis ref http emc.medicines.org.uk medicine 20683 SPC Do Do Chesteze eMC product summary ref for relief of Bronchiole bronchial cough , wheeze wheezing , Dyspnea breathlessness and other symptom s of asthma tic bronchitis and to clear the chest of mucus following upper respiratory tract infection . It contains 30mg caffeine , 18.31mg ephedrine hydrochloride and 100mg anhydrous theophylline . It comes in a fawn brown tablet. Recommended doses are Adults not more than 1 tablet in 4 hours. Maximum 4 tablets in 24 hours. Young persons over 12 years 1 tablet and no more than 3 tablets daily with an interval of at least 4 hours between each tablet. Because ChestEze contains ephedrine, it is sometimes used illicitly in large doses by bodybuilders. This use can be dangerous, however, since theophylline can be toxic at relatively low doses. In 2008, changes in the law regarding supply of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine containing medicines ref cite web url http www.mhra.gov.uk home idcplg?IdcService GET FILE&dDocName CON014095&RevisionSelectionMethod LatestReleased title Drug Safety Update, March 2008 format pdf work date 2008 06 30 publisher The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency and the Commission on Human Medicines ref resulted in ChestEze being withdrawn from pharmacies in the bulk 30 pack size. It is still available without prescription in the 9 pack size at the pharmacist s discretion from most UK Pharmacies. References references Category Decongestants ... more details
Eefing also written eeephing , eephing , eeefing , eefin ref http www.rossmusic.net eef.htm eefin , What the heck is an eef?. Accessed January 7, 2007. ref , or eefn nowiki nowiki ref http yahmdallah.blogspot.com 2003 04 eefn its funny how sometimes attic.html eefn , Third Level Digression blog . Accessed March 20, 2006. ref and doubtless other ways is an Appalachia n United States vocal technique similar to beatboxing , but nearly a century older. Jennifer Sharpe describes it as a kind of hiccupping, rhythmic wheeze that started in rural Tennessee more than 100 years ago. ref name Sharpe Sharpe 2005 ref An eefing piece called Swamp Root was one of the first singles recorded and released by Sam Phillips . Singer Joe Perkins had a minor 1963 hit Little Eeefin Annie , 76 on the Billboard magazine Billboard chart, featuring eefer Jimmy Riddle , whom Sharpe calls the acknowledged master of the genre. Riddle later brought eefing to national visibility on the television series Hee Haw . ref name Sharpe In fall 1963, the same time as Perkins Little Eefin Annie was released, a group called the Ardells issued a single on Epic called Eefinanny, a sort of Bluegrass music bluegrass hillbilly spoof on the Folk music folk hootenanny movement. It was not a hit. The song Hillbilly beatbox by The Evolution Control Committee prominently features eefing recordings. ref http soundcloud.com ecc hillbilly beatboxing Hillbilly beatboxing by ECC page on SoundCloud ref Notes reflist References Jennifer Sharpe, http www.npr.org templates story story.php?storyId 5259589 Jimmie Riddle and the Lost Art of Eephing , National Public Radio , March 13, 2006. Accessed March 20, 2006. Includes audio in RealAudio and Windows Media Player formats. http www.angelfire.com tn2 bobloyce eeef.html Joe Perkins Little Eeefin Annie page Category Vocal skills music genre stub ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name It s... Madness Too Type Compilation album Artist Madness band Madness Cover It s... Madness Too.jpg Released October 1991 Recorded 1979 1984 Genre Ska Pop music Pop Length Label Virgin Records Producer Reviews Allmusic Rating 2 5 Allmusic class album id r575133 pure url yes link Last album It s... Madness br 1990 This album It s... Madness Too br 1991 Next album Divine Madness Madness album Divine Madness br 1992 Misc Extra album cover Upper caption Re release cover Type Compilation album Cover It s... Madness Too alt.jpg Lower caption It s... Madness Too is a compilation album by the British pop band Madness band Madness , released in 1991 in music 1991 . It combines some of the band s hit singles and b sides and is a sequel to It s... Madness , released the previous year. Track listing The Prince song The Prince Madness One Step Beyond song One Step Beyond Mistakes The Return of the Los Palmas 7 Night Boat to Cairo Shut Up Madness song Shut Up A Town With No Name Cardiac Arrest song Cardiac Arrest In the City Our House Madness song Our House Walking with Mr. Wheeze Tomorrow s Just Another Day Victoria Gardens The Sun and the Rain Michael Caine song Michael Caine Madness Category 1991 compilation albums Category Madness band compilation albums Category Virgin Records compilation albums sv It s... Madness Too ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Hoarse Type Live Artist 16 Horsepower Cover Hoarse hp.jpg Released 2000 Europe , 2001 North America Recorded 1998 Genre Alternative country Label Checkered Past Records 2001, Alternative Tentacles 2006 Last album Secret South br 2000 This album Hoarse br 2000 Next album Folklore 16HP album Folklore br 2002 Hoarse is a live album by the band 16 Horsepower . It was released in Europe in 2000 in digipak with Glitterhouse Records . In March 2001 it was released regularly in jewel case with Glitterhouse. An American version was released in 2001 on Checkered Past records. Another American version was finally re released on Alternative Tentacles in 2006. The song is a live album with most of the songs featured recorded at their show on May 5, 1998, at the Bluebird Theatre in Denver , except for Horse Head recorded on March 4, 1998 at the Bluebird and Fire Spirit recorded at Bataclan theatre Bataclan , Paris , on October 21, 1998 which features Bertrand Cantat . On the first edition of the European release, Hoarse had an incorrect track listing. Only ten tracks were listed, whereas there had been eleven the song Black Lung wasn t shown. The track order was also erroneous and the cover of Creedence Clearwater Revival s Bad Moon Risin was incorrectly credited to 16 Horsepower. With the next European release in 2001, the errors were corrected. Track listing American Wheeze 4 11 Black Soul Choir 4 31 Bad Moon Rising song Bad Moon Risin by John Fogerty 4 10 Low Estate 4 25 For Heaven s Sake 4 44 Black Lung 4 31 Horse Head 5 07 South Pennsylvania Waltz 5 45 Brimstone Rock 6 47 Fire Spirit by Jeffrey Lee Pierce The Gun Club 3 21 Day of The Lords by Joy Division 5 01 DEFAULTSORT Hoarse Category 2000 live albums Category 16 Horsepower albums fr Hoarse ... more details
gets kidnapped by obsessive fans Wheeze David Henrie with his friend, Sheldon Denzel Whitaker , and his ... book using his daughter as a reader. Wheeze, Andre and Sheldon get all of the Trip Zoome fans in town ... while Neil thanks his fans. Wheeze gives his number to Melissa before she and her father leave on their long overdue vacation. Cast Emily Osment as Melissa Morris David Henrie as Wheeze Jason Earles ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Williams Campbell syndrome is a disease of the airways where cartilage in the bronchus bronchi is defective. This leads to collapse of the airways and bronchiectasis . ref name Palmer cite journal pages 534 7 doi 10.1378 chest.113.2.534 title Lung Transplantation for Williams Campbell Syndrome year 1998 last1 Palmer first1 S. M. last2 Layish first2 D. T. last3 Kussin first3 P. S. last4 Tapson first4 V. F. last5 Oury first5 T. last6 Davis first6 R. D. journal Chest volume 113 issue 2 pmid 9498979 ref Williams Campbell syndrome is deficiency of the bronchial cartilage distally. ref name Britishmedical british medical journal BMJ ref br big Symptoms big 1. Persistent cough ref british medical journal british medical journal BMJ ref br 2. Wheeze ref name Britishmedical br 3. Lung function Impaired lung function ref name Britishmedical br big Investigations big Radiologically, the lungs are Hyperinflation overinflated and on bronchoscopy bronchomalacia is demonstrated. ref british medical journal ref It was described in 1960. ref cite journal pmid 8265276 year 1993 last1 Jones first1 VF last2 Eid first2 NS last3 Franco first3 SM last4 Badgett first4 JT last5 Buchino first5 JJ title Familial congenital bronchiectasis Williams Campbell syndrome volume 16 issue 4 pages 263 7 journal Pediatric pulmonology doi 10.1002 ppul.1950160410 ref ref name pmid13844857 cite journal author WILLIAMS H, CAMPBELL P title Generalized Bronchiectasis associated with Deficiency of Cartilage in the Bronchial Tree journal Arch. Dis. Child. volume 35 issue 180 pages 182 91 year 1960 month April pmid 13844857 pmc 2012546 doi 10.1136 adc.35.180.182 url ref References reflist Category Bronchus disorders med stub ... more details
, evil Mr. Twitchell voiced by Brian Doyle Murray is the inventor of Summer Wheeze , an aerosol ... Wheeze , delighting Twitchell but causing Frosty to be concerned, not unreasonably, about his safety ... s are used in the special to spray Summer Wheeze around the town, alluding to the use of DDT trucks ... more details
SignSymptom infobox Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 R06 ICD9 ICD9 786.7 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D012135 Respiratory sounds or breath sounds refer to the specific sounds identified through auscultation of the respiratory system ref MeshName Respiratory sounds ref with a stethoscope . In this context, adventitious sounds refers to sounds heard apart from the normal sounds of Inhalation inspiration and expiration . ref DorlandsDict nine 100019064 adventitious sounds ref Types of adventitious breath sounds class wikitable Name Continuous discontinuous Frequency Pitch Inspiratory expiratory Quality Associated conditions Example Wheeze continuous high expiratory or inspiratory whistling sibilant, musical asthma , many others listen filename Wheeze2O.ogg title Wheezing description The sound of wheezing as heard with a stethoscope . format Ogg Stridor continuous high either, mostly inspiratory whistling sibilant, musical epiglottitis , foreign body etc listen filename Stridor NP OGG 2.ogg title Stridor description Inspiratory and expiratory stridor in a 13 month child with croup . format Ogg Rhonchi continuous low either, more pronounced in expiratory snoring bronchitis not available Inspiratory gasp continuous high inspiratory whoop whooping cough not available rales Rales, crackles or crepitations discontinuous high fine or low coarse inspiratory cracking clicking rattling pneumonia, congestive heart failure listen filename Crackles pneumoniaO.ogg title Crackles description Crackles heard in the lungs of a person with pneumonia using a stethoscope. pos right format Ogg Hamman s sign or Mediastinal crunch discontinuous neither heartbeat crunching, rasping pneumomediastinum , pneumopericardium not available References reflist External links http www.rale.ca Recordings.htm R.A.L.E. Repository sound files of breath sounds http www.mediscuss.org content respiratory auscultation tips audio mp3 examples 71.html MEDiscuss Respiratory ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Mendelson& 39 s syndrome Image Caption DiseasesDB 979 ICD10 ICD10 J 95 4 j 95 ICD9 ICD9 668.0 , ICD9 997.3 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Mendelson s syndrome is chemical pneumonitis caused by Pulmonary aspiration aspiration during anaesthesia , especially during pregnancy . Presentation Mendelson s syndrome is characterised by a bronchopulmonary reaction following aspiration of gastric contents during general anaesthesia due to abolition of the laryngeal reflexes. The main clinical features are signs of general Hypoxia medical hypoxia , two to five hours after anaesthesia. Such features may include cyanosis, dyspnoea, fever, pulmonary wheeze, crepitant rales, rhonchi, and tachycardia with a high blood pressure. Decreased arterial oxygen tension is also likely to be evident. Pulmonary edema can cause sudden death or death may occur later from pulmonary complications. Risk Historically it is said that a patient is at risk if they have ref name Levy2006 cite journal last Levy first DM title Pre operative fasting 60 years on from Mendelson journal Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain volume 6 issue 6 pages 215 year 2006 pmid pmc doi 10.1093 bjaceaccp mkl048 url http ceaccp.oxfordjournals.org content 6 6 215.short ref Residual gastric volume of greater than 25ml, with pH of less than 2.5 However these are indirect measurements and are not factors that directly influence aspiration risk. ref name Levy2006 Patients with a high risk should have a rapid sequence induction . High risk is defined as these factors ref name Levy2006 Non elective surgical procedure Light anaesthesia unexpected response to stimulation Acute or chronic, upper or lower GI pathology Obesity Opioid medication Neurological disease, impaired conscious level, or sedation Lithotomy position Difficult intubation airway Gastrointestinal reflux Hiatal hernia Treatment The risk may be reduced by administering a non particulate antacid e.g. ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Sackcloth n Ashes Type Album Artist 16 Horsepower Cover Sackclothandashes.jpg Released February 6, 1996 Recorded small at Ardent Studios , Memphis, Tennessee Memphis , Tennessee small Genre Alternative country Length 46 18 Label A&M Records A&M Producer Warren Bruleigh Reviews Allmusic Rating 4 5 Allmusic class album id r254634 pure url yes link Last album 16 Horsepower EP 16 Horsepower br 1995 This album Sackcloth n Ashes br 1996 Next album Low Estate br 1997 Sackcloth n Ashes is the first full length studio album by the band 16 Horsepower . It was released in 1996. Track listing I Seen What I Saw Edwards 16 Horsepower 3 24 Black Soul Choir Edwards 16 Horsepower 3 52 Scrawled in Sap Edwards 16 Horsepower 2 46 Horse Head Edwards 16 Horsepower 3 01 Ruthie Lingle Edwards 16 Horsepower 2 44 Harm s Way Edwards 16 Horsepower 3 20 Black Bush Edwards 16 Horsepower 3 16 Heel on the Shovel Edwards 16 Horsepower 3 11 American Wheeze Edwards 16 Horsepower 3 33 Red Neck Reel Edwards 16 Horsepower 2 41 Prison Shoe Romp Edwards 16 Horsepower 3 11 Neck on the New Blade Edwards 16 Horsepower 3 15 Strong Man Edwards 16 Horsepower 4 21 Personnel David Eugene Edwards Vocals, Banjo , Guitar , Bandoneon , Lap steel Jean Yves Tola Drums, Backup vocals Keven Soll Stand up bass, Flat top acoustic bass, Cello, Backup vocals small Guest Gordon Gano Fiddle small Trivia The instrument credited as a Bandoneon on this album is actually a similar instrument called a Chemnitzer concertina . Citation needed date June 2008 The album title is a reference to the Holy Bible see Gospel of Matthew Matthew 11 20 21 RSV and Book of Esther Esther 4 1 RSV . The songs Black Soul Choir and Haw were both later made into music videos, both of which featured the band. Category 1996 albums Category 16 Horsepower albums Category A&M Records albums Category English language albums 1990s country album stub fr Sackcloth n Ashes it Sackcloth n Ashes ... more details
Infobox MLB player name Johnny Enzmann position Pitcher image bats Right throws Right birth date Birth date 1890 3 4 birth place Brooklyn, New York death date death date and age 1984 3 14 1890 3 4 death place Riverhead town , New York Riverhead, New York debutdate July 10 debutyear 1914 debutteam Brooklyn Robins finaldate October 2 finalyear 1920 finalteam Philadelphia Phillies stat1label Win loss record pitching Win loss record stat1value 11 12 stat2label Earned run average stat2value 2.84 stat3label Strikeouts stat3value 91 teams nowiki nowiki Los Angeles Dodgers Brooklyn Robins 1914 Cleveland Indians 1918 1919 Philadelphia Phillies 1920 John Enzmann a.k.a. Gentleman John March 4, 1890 in Brooklyn, New York March 14, 1984 in Riverhead town , New York Riverhead, New York was a pitcher in Major League Baseball . He pitched for the 1914 Los Angeles Dodgers Brooklyn Robins , the 1918 1919 Cleveland Indians and the 1920 Philadelphia Phillies . Following his baseball career, Enzmann worked as toolmaker from which he retired in 1972. The Phillies celebrated the franchise s centennial in 1983 Philadelphia Phillies season 1983 and identified Enzmann as the team s then living oldest player. Enzmann was 93 years old and living in Ft. Lauderdale. ref cite news title In Philadelphia, They re The Wheeze Kids author Steve Wulf url http sportsillustrated.cnn.com vault article magazine MAG1120630 index.htm newspaper Sports Illustrated date 1983 03 14 accessdate 2010 12 21 ref As part of celebrations on May 1, 1983, Enzmann threw out the first pitch prior to the Phillies game against the Houston Astros at Veterans Stadium . ref cite news title Phillies begin 100 year celebration author url http news.google.com newspapers?id xagyAAAAIBAJ&sjid 7ucFAAAAIBAJ&pg 6193,5612726&dq johnny enzmann phillies&hl en newspaper Gettsyburg Times date 1983 05 03 accessdate 2010 12 21 page 11 ref References Reflist External links Baseballstats br e enzmajo01 fangraphs cube Persondata Metadata see Wik ... more details
Infobox disease Name Status asthmaticus Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 J 46 j 40 ICD9 ICD9 493.01 , ICD9 493.91 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 302238 MeshID D013224 Status asthmaticus is an Acute medical acute exacerbation of asthma that does not respond to standard treatments of bronchodilators and steroids. Symptoms include chest tightness, rapidly progressive dyspnea shortness of breath , dry cough , use of accessory muscles, labored breathing and extreme Wheeze wheezing . It is a life threatening episode of airway obstruction considered a medical emergency. Complications include cardiac and or respiratory arrest. It is characterized histologically by smooth muscle hypertrophy and basement membrane thickening. TOC limit 3 Epidemiology Status asthmaticus is slightly more common in males and is more common among African Americans and Hispanics. The gene locus glutathione dependent S nitrosoglutathione GSNOR has been suggested as one possible correlation to development of status asthmaticus. ref cite journal author Moore PE, Ryckman KK, Williams SM, Patel N, Summar ML, Sheller JR title Genetic variants of GSNOR and ADRB2 influence response to albuterol in African American children with severe asthma. journal Pediatric Pulmonology date 9 year 2009 month July volume 44 issue 7 pages 649 654 pmid 19514054 doi 10.1002 ppul.21033 ref Pathophysiology Inflammation in asthma is characterized by an influx of eosinophil s during the early phase reaction and a mixed cellular infiltrate composed of eosinophils, mast cell s, lymphocyte s, and neutrophil s during the late phase or chronic reaction. The simple explanation for allergic inflammation in asthma begins with the development of a predominantly helper T2 lymphocyte driven, as opposed to helper T1 lymphocyte driven, immune milieu, perhaps caused by certain types of immune stimulation early in life. This is followed by allergen exposure in a genetically susceptible individual. Specific alle ... more details
Infobox disease Name Bronchomalacia Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 Q 32 2 q 30 ICD9 ICD9 748.3 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Bronchomalacia is a term for weak cartilage in the walls of the bronchial tubes , occurring in children under six months, presented with noisy breathing and or wheezing. There is collapse of a main stem bronchus , on expiration . There are two types of Bronchomalacia. Primary Bronchomalacia is due to a deficiency in the cartilaginous rings. Secondary Bronchomalacia may occur by extrinsic compression from an enlarged vessel, a vascular ring or a bronchogenic cyst. Description Bronchomalacia can best be described as a birth defect of the bronchus in the respiratory tract . Congenital malacia of the large airways is one of the few causes of irreversible airways obstruction in children, with symptoms varying from recurrent wheeze and recurrent lower airways infections to severe dyspnea and respiratory insufficiency. ref Carden, KA, Boiselle, PM, Waltz, DA, et al. 2005 Tracheomalacia and tracheobronchomalacia in children and adults an in depth review. Chest 127,984 1005. ref ref Clements, B Congenital malformations of the lungs and airways. Taussig, LM Landau, LI eds. Pediatric respiratory medicine 1999,1106 1136 Mosby. St. Louis, MO ref ref Austin, J, Ali, T Tracheomalacia and bronchomalacia in children pathophysiology, assessment, treatment and anaesthesia management. Paediatr Anaesth 2003 13,3 11 ref ref McNamara, VM, Crabbe, DC Tracheomalacia. Paediatr Respir Rev 2004 5,147 154 ref Classification Primary Bronchomalacia Secondary Bronchomalacia Primary Bronchomalacia Primary Bronchomalacia is classified as congenital. Primary Bronchomalacia is caused by a deficiency in the cartilaginous rings. Primary airway malacia was defined as airway malacia in otherwise normal infants. ref Benjamin, B Tracheomalacia in infants and children. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1984 93,438 442 ref Secondary Bronchomalacia Secondary Bron ... more details
Organic dust toxic syndrome ODTS is a potentially severe flu like syndrome originally described in farmers, mushroom workers, bird breeders and other persons occupationally exposed to dusty conditions. Symptoms Symptoms arise 4 12 hours after exposure to an organic dust, and generally last from one to five days. Common generalised symptoms include fever over 38 C, chills, myalgia and malaise . The most frequent respiratory symptoms are dyspnea and a dry cough , while a wheeze may be present less commonly. Headache , rhinitis , conjunctivitis and keratitis can also be present, and skin irritation may occur in those handling grain. ref name Seifert03 Respiratory function may worsen to the point where hypoxia medical hypoxia occurs, and damage to the airways may lead to non cardiogenic pulmonary edema one to three days post exposure. ref name Seifert03 Laboratory investigations may show a raised white blood cell white cell and specifically neutrophil count, while a chest X ray is often normal or shows minimal Infiltration medical interstitial infiltration . ref name Seifert03 Causes An inflammation inflammatory reaction of the airways and alveoli , the mechanism of organic dust toxic syndrome is thought to be toxic rather than autoimmunity autoimmune in origin. ref name linaker03 cite journal author Linaker C, Smedley J title Respiratory illness in agricultural workers journal Occup Med Lond volume 52 issue 8 pages 451 59 year 2002 month December pmid 12488515 url http occmed.oxfordjournals.org content 52 8 451.long ref The airways are exposed to high concentrations of organic dust created by some form of disturbance or mechanical process. They can be such materials such as grain kernel fragments, bits of insects, bacteria, fungal spores, molds or chemical residues, the individual particles 0.1 to 50 microns in size. ref name Seifert03 A common scenario is exposure to moldy grain, hay or woodchips, with farmers and pig workers the most common occupations affected. ... more details
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