wiktionary Arx , ARX , or ArX may refer to ARX operating system , an operating system aristaless related homeobox Arx , the aristaless related homeobox gene and protein Arx, Landes , a commune of the Landes d partement in France ArX revision control , revision control software ObjectARX , a software API for AutoCAD ARX Ltd , a company that provides pharmacy automation, primarily in the UK Arx Roman , a Roman citadel, and in particular The northern hump of the two forming the Capitoline Hill of ancient Rome Arx Fatalis , a first person role playing game developed by Arkane Studios in 2002 Add Rotate Xor, a class of algorithms in symmetric cryptography disambig de Arx es Arx fr ARX it ARX ... more details
Avis Durgan is the ASCII string on which an exclusive OR operation XOR was performed in the text of the vintage Sierra Entertainment Adventure Game Interpreter AGI adventure games to keep the gamers from snooping for clues in these games resource files. In earlier versions of AGI games that booted directly from diskette, the Avis Durgan string was also used to encrypt sections of code as a copy protection scheme. The string Avis Durgan was chosen by the programmer of both uses, Jeff Stephenson , because it was the name of his then girlfriend whom he met shortly before joining Sierra On Line. As of 2009, they are still together ref http marketplace.publicradio.org display web 2009 05 29 mm credit ref , having been married in the 1980s. References reflist videogame software stub Category ASCII Category Video game cheating ... more details
array , may even need to copy the data manually. XOR swap main XOR swap algorithm XOR swap uses the bitwise operation XORXOR operation to swap two numeric variables. It is generally touted to be faster than the naive method mentioned above however it does have XOR swap algorithm Reasons for avoidance in practice disadvantages . XOR swap is generally used to swap low level data types, like integer ... quickly using XOR swap XOR swap . Facilitation of swapping in modern computers Dedicated instructions .... For example, the XOR swap algorithm requires sequential execution of three instructions. However ... more details
id 290607 perlmonks.org by user blokhead ref source lang perl not exp log srand xor s qq qx xor s x x length uc ord and print chr ord for qw q join use sub tied qx xor eval xor print qq q q xor int eval lc q m cos and print chr ord for qw y abs ne open tied hex exp ref y m xor scalar srand print qq q q xor int eval lc qq y sqrt cos and print chr ord for qw x printf each return local x y or print qq s s and eval q s undef or oct xor time xor ref print chr int ord lc foreach qw y hex alarm chdir ... more details
performs an Exclusive or Exclusive Or XOR . The 16 truth tables that this gate and presumably all the others provide access to are The 8 results provided by not alone The 3 ways you can XOR two different inputs The 3 ways you can XOR two different inputs The XOR of all 3 inputs The XOR of all 3 inputs The possible logic gates form a group, with the set of all gates that XOR some of the inputs ... more details
Computer virus Fullname OneHalf Common name OneHalf Technical name OneHalf Family OneHalf Aliases Classification Computer Virus Virus Type DOS Subtype file and boot infector IsolationDate 1994 Isolation Unknown Origin Slovakia Author Vyvojar OneHalf is a DOS based polymorphic code polymorphic computer virus hybrid boot and file infector . It is also known as Slovak Bomber, Freelove or Explosion II. ref http www.f secure.com v descs one half.shtml ref It infects master boot record of the hard disk, COM files and executable files. ref http www.f secure.com v descs one half.shtml ref It will not infect files that have SCAN, CLEAN, FINDVIRU, GUARD, NOD, VSAFE, MSAV or CHKDSK in the name. ref http virus.wikia.com wiki Onehalf ref It is known for its peculiar payload it encrypts certain parts of user s Hard disk , but then decrypts them on the fly when they are accessed, thus user does not notice anything. The encryption is done by bitwise Bitwise XOR XOR XORing by a randomly generated key, which can be decrypted simply by XORing with the same bit stream again. However, careless disinfection will result in data loss if the user does not decrypt the data, then destroys the virus which decrypts and accesses it, the data will be lost. The virus will display the following message on 4th, 8th, 10th, 14th, 18th, 20th, 24th, 28th and 30th of any month and under some other conditions ref http virus.wikia.com wiki Onehalf ref blockquote p Dis is one half. p p Press any key to continue ... p blockquote It is also known as one of the first viruses to implement a technique of patchy infection , introduced in Bomber computer virus Bomber . OneHalf has many variants. References Reflist External links http www.viruslist.com en viruses encyclopedia?virusid 19555 OneHalf at VirusList.com http www.csie.ntu.edu.tw wcchen asm98 asm proj b85506050 ORIGIN ONEHAL 1.HTM One Half The Lieutenant Commander Category Boot viruses Category DOS file viruses malware stub cs OneHalf ru OneHalf sk One Hal ... more details
multiple issues orphan February 2009 unreferenced February 2007 confusing March 2007 wikify January 2011 Madaline Multiple Adaline is a two layer neural network with a set of ADALINE s in parallel as its input layer and a single PE processing element in its output layer. For problems with multiple input variables and one output, each input is applied to one Adaline. For similar problems with multiple outputs, madalines in parallel can be used. The madaline network is useful for problems which involve prediction based on multiple inputs, such as weather forecasting Input variables barometric pressure, difference in pressure. Output variables rain, cloudy, sunny . A MADALINE many Adaline network is created by combining a number of Adalines. The network of ADALINES can span many layers. The use of Multiple Adalines help counter the problem of non linear separability. For example, the MADALINE network with two units exhibits the capability to solve the XOR problem. References http ieeexplore.ieee.org iel5 763 907 00023872.pdf Paper co authored by Widrow about MII Category Neural networks compsci stub A MADALINE many ADALINE network is created by combining a number of ADALINES.The network ADALINE can span many layers . The ues of multiple ADALINE helps counter the problem of non linear separability.Foe example the MADALINE network with two units exhibit the capability to solve the XOR problem . The learning rule also adopted by MADALINE network is termed as MADALINE Adaptive Rule MR and is a form of supervised learning.In this method ,the objective is to adjust the weights such that the error is minimum for the current training pattern,but which as little damage to the learning acquired through previous training patterns. ... more details
lowercase title assert.h C Standard Library The iso646.h header file is part of the C standard library . It was added to this library in a 1995 amendment to the C90 C version C90 standard. It defines a number of macros which allow programmers to use C programming language C language bitwise and logical Operator programming operators , which, without the header file, cannot be quickly or easily typed on some international and non QWERTY keyboards. The filename refers to the ISO646 standard, a 7 bit character set with a number of regional variations, some of which have accented characters in place of the punctuation marks used by C operators. The macros The iso646.h header defines the following 11 macros as stated below class wikitable style font family monospace text align center style font family sans serif style width 10em Macro style width 10em Defined as and && and eq & bitand & bitor nowiki nowiki compl not nowiki nowiki not eq nowiki nowiki or nowiki nowiki or eq nowiki nowiki xor xor eq C These identifiers are operators in C and C operator keywords in the ISO C programming language and do not require the inclusion of a header file. For consistency, the C 98 standard provides the header code < ciso646> code . However the latter file has no effect, being empty. ref cite book isbn 0 596 00298 X title C in a Nutshell last Lischner first Ray page 212 publisher O Reilly Media year 2003 ref Notwithstanding some compilers, such as Microsoft Visual C , do require the header to be included in order to use these identifiers. See also Digraphs and trigraphs C Digraphs and trigraphs in C References reflist External links man bd iso646.h SUS alternative spellings Category C standard library headers fr Iso646.h ru Iso646.h uk Iso646.h ... more details
Infobox cryptographic hash function name JH image caption General designers Hongjun Wu publish date series derived from derived to related to certification SHA 3 finalist Detail digest size 224, 256, 384, 512 structure rounds speed 16.1 cycles per byte cpb on Core 2 in 64 bit mode using SSE2 37.3 cpb using ANSI C. cryptanalysis JH is a cryptographic hash function submitted to the NIST hash function competition by Hongjun Wu. JH was chosen as one of the five finalists of the competition. JH has a 1024 bit state, and works on 512 bit input blocks. Processing an input block consists of three steps XOR the input block into the left half of the state. Apply a 42 round unkeyed permutation encryption function to the state. This consists of 42 repetitions of Break the input into 256 4 bit blocks, and map each through one of two 4 bit S box es, the choice being made by a 256 bit round dependent key schedule. Equivalently, combine each input block with a key bit, and map the result through a 5 4 bit S box. Mix adjacent 4 bit blocks using a maximum distance separable code over Finite field GF 2 sup 4 sup . Permute 4 bit blocks so that they will be adjacent to different blocks in following rounds. The final half round consists of an S box substitution without a following MDS or permutation step. XOR the input block into the right half of the state. The resulting digest is the first 224, 256, 384 or 512 bits from the 1024 bit final value. It is well suited to a bit slicing implementation using the SSE2 instruction set, giving speeds of 16.8 Cycles per byte . External links http www3.ntu.edu.sg home wuhj research jh index.html The JH web site http ehash.iaik.tugraz.at wiki JH JH page on the SHA 3 Zoo http cryptography.gmu.edu athena index.php?id source codes A VHDL source codes developed in the Cryptographic Engineering Research Group CERG at George Mason University Cryptography navbox hash Category NIST hash function competition crypto stub ru JH ... more details
, and helps to show that the model is not wasteful. Logic function with XOR and AND gates O sub 1 sub I sub 1 sub XOR S O sub 2 sub I sub 2 sub XOR S with S I sub 1 sub XOR I sub 2 sub AND C It can also ... more details
This is a list of hash function s, including cyclic redundancy check s, checksum functions, and cryptographic hash function s. Cyclic redundancy checks main Cyclic redundancy check class wikitable Name Length Type BSD checksum 16 bits cyclic redundancy check CRC checksum 32 bits cyclic redundancy check CRC crc16 16 bits cyclic redundancy check CRC crc32 32 bits cyclic redundancy check CRC crc32 mpeg2 32 bits cyclic redundancy check CRC crc64 64 bits cyclic redundancy check CRC SYSV checksum 16 bits cyclic redundancy check CRC Adler 32 is often classified as a CRC, but it uses a different algorithm. Checksums Main Checksum class wikitable Name Length Type sum8 8 bits sum sum16 16 bits sum sum24 24 bits sum sum32 32 bits sum Fletcher s checksum fletcher 4 4 bits sum Fletcher s checksum fletcher 8 8 bits sum Fletcher s checksum fletcher 16 16 bits sum Fletcher s checksum fletcher 32 32 bits sum Adler 32 32 bits sum longitudinal redundancy check xor8 8 bits sum Luhn algorithm 4 bits sum Verhoeff algorithm 4 bits sum Non cryptographic hash functions class wikitable Name Length Type Pearson hashing 8 bits Fowler Noll Vo hash function br FNV Hash 32, 64, 128, 256, br 512, or 1024 bits xor product or br product xor Zobrist hashing variable xor Jenkins hash function 32 or 64 bits xor addition Java hashCode 32 bits Bernstein hash ref http www.partow.net programming hashfunctions index.html ref 32 bits elf64 64 bits hash MurmurHash 32, 64, or 128 bits product rotation SpookyHash 128 bits see Jenkins hash function CityHash 64, 128, or 256 bits Cryptographic hash functions main cryptographic hash function class wikitable Name Length Type BLAKE hash function BLAKE 256 256 bits hash BLAKE hash function BLAKE 512 512 bits hash Elliptic curve only hash ECOH 224 to 512 bits hash Fast Syndrome Based Hash FSB 160 to 512 bits hash GOST hash function GOST 256 bits hash Gr stl 256 to 512 bits hash HAS 160 160 bits hash HAVAL 128 to 256 bits hash JH hash function JH 512 bits hash Keccak 51 ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 In computer central processing unit processor the negative flag or sign flag is a single bit in a system status flag register used to indicate whether the result of last mathematic operation resulted in a value whose most significant bit was set. In a two s complement interpretation of the result, the negative flag is set if the result was negative. For example, in an 8 bit signed number system, 37 will be represented as 1101 1011 in binary the most significant bit is 1 , while 37 will be represented as 0010 0101 the most significant bit is 0 . The negative flag is changed in the x86 architecture x86 series processors by the following instructions referring to the Intel 80386 manual ref http www.intel.com products processor manuals index.htm ref All arithmetic operations except multiplication and division compare instructions equivalent to subtract instructions without storing the result Logical instructions XOR, AND, OR TEST x86 instruction TEST instructions equivalent to AND instructions without storing the result . References references DEFAULTSORT Negative Flag Category Computer arithmetic ... more details
BLP sources date September 2007 Nihongo Eri Nakao Nakao Eri born in Kobe is a Japanese Seiy voice actress . Voice roles Anime Tona Gura Hazuki s mother Zegapain XOR Dita Getsumen To Heiki Mina Hayate the Combat Butler Miki Hanabishi K mpfer Sayaka Nakao Spectator D ep 5 Kujibiki Unbalance Izumi Tachibana Koyuki s Teacher ep 6 Moetan Mio Tezuka Nyan Koi Suzu K saka Tsukumogami ep 10 Zettai Karen Children Natsuko Tokiwa External links ann people 52754 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Nakao, Eri ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1980 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Nakao, Eri Category Japanese voice actors Category Japanese female singers Category Living people Category 1980 births Category People from Kobe ja zh ... more details
P to ciphertext C by deriving a key stream K from a given key and IV and computing C as C P xor K ... since C sub 1 sub xor C sub 2 sub P sub 1 sub xor K xor P sub 2 sub xor K P sub 1 sub xor P sub 2 sub ... message to Alice starting with IV sub 2 sub xor IV sub 1 sub xor P sub Eve sub if her guess was correct ... simple observation C sub Alice sub E IV sub 1 sub xor P sub Alice sub E IV sub 2 sub xor IV sub 2 sub xor IV sub 1 sub xor P sub Alice sub . ref CWE 329 Not Using a Random IV with CBC Mode http ... more details
of all the bits. It can be calculated via an XOR sum of the bits, yielding 0 for even parity and 1 ... occur. However, parity has the advantage that it uses only a single bit and requires only a number of XOR ... 4 bit value 1001 with the parity bit following on the right, and with denoting an XOR gate Transmission ... XOR function to reconstruct the missing data. For example, suppose two drives in a three drive RAID ... drives, an XOR is performed on their data 01101101 br XOR 11010100 ... drive by subjecting the data from the remaining drives to the same XOR operation. If Drive 2 were to fail, its data could be rebuilt using the XOR results of the contents of the two remaining ... 10111001 br XOR 01101101 br br 11010100 The result of that XOR calculation ... XOR concept applies similarly to larger arrays, using any number of disks. In the case of a RAID 3 array of 12 drives, 11 drives participate in the XOR calculation shown above and yield a value that is then stored ... more details
Refimprove date September 2009 Physical verification is a process whereby an Integrated Circuit Layout IC layout design is checked via EDA software tools to see if it meets certain criteria. Verification involves DRC Design rule check , LVS Layout versus schematic , ERC Electrical Rule Check , XOR Exclusive OR , and Antenna Checks. XOR Check This check is typically run after a metal spin, where the original and modified database are compared. This is done to confirm that the desired modifications have been made and no undesired modifications have been made by accident. This step involves comparing the two layout databases GDS by XOR operation of the layout geometries. This check results a database which has all the mismatching geometries in both the layouts. Antenna Check The antenna basically is a metal interconnect, i.e., a conductor like polysilicon or metal, that is not electrically connected to silicon or grounded, during the processing steps of the wafer. During the manufacturing process charge accumulation can occur on the antenna during certain fabrication steps like Plasma etching, which uses highly ionized matter to etch. If the connection to silicon does not exist, charges may build up on the interconnect to the point at which rapid discharge does take place and permanent physical damage results to thin transistor gate oxide. This rapid and destructive phenomenon is known as the antenna effect . Antenna errors can be cured by adding a small antenna diode to safely discharge the node or spillting the antenna by routing up to another metal layer and then down again. The Antenna ratio is defined as the ratio between the physical area of the conductors making up the antenna to the total gate oxide area to which the antenna is electrically connected. ERC Electrical rule check ERC Electrical rule check involves checking a design for all electrical connections that are considered dangerous. This might include checking for well and substrate areas for proper cont ... more details
Xorshift random number generators form a class of pseudorandom number generator s that was discovered by George Marsaglia . ref name marsaglia They generate the next number in their sequence by repeatedly taking the Bitwise operation XOR exclusive or of a number with a Logical shift bit shifted version of itself. This makes them extremely fast on modern computer architectures. They are a subclass of Linear feedback shift registers , but their simple implementation typically makes them faster and use less space. ref name brent However, the parameters have to be chosen very carefully in order to achieve cryptographical security. ref name panne Example Implementation A C programming language C version ref group note In C, the code code caret represents the Bitwise operation XOR Bitwise XOR , and code code the Logical shift bit shift . ref of one xorshift algorithm ref name marsaglia is unsigned long in the paper changed to uint32 t here, because unsigned long is typically 64 bit on 64 bit systems. Marsaglia uses unsigned long long for 64 bit integers in the paper. In any case, being explicit is more clear. source lang C uint32 t xor128 void static uint32 t x 123456789 static uint32 t y 362436069 static uint32 t z 521288629 static uint32 t w 88675123 uint32 t t t x x 11 x y y z z w return w w w 19 t t 8 source This algorithm has a period of math 2 128 1 math and it passes the Diehard tests . Notes reflist group note References reflist close 1 refs ref name marsaglia cite journal first George last Marsaglia title Xorshift RNGs journal Journal of Statistical Software volume Vol. 8 issue Issue 14 month July year 2003 url http www.jstatsoft.org v08 i14 paper ref ref name brent cite journal first Richard P. last Brent title Note on Marsaglia s Xorshift Random Number Generators journal Journal of Statistical Software volume Vol. 11 issue Issue 5 month August year 2004 url http www.jstatsoft.org v11 i04 paper ref ref name panne cite journal first Fran ois l ... more details
Image STURGEON.jpg right thumb 300px STURGEON exhibit at the National Cryptologic Museum . The Siemens AG Siemens and Halske T52 , also known as the Geheimfernschreiber secret teleprinter , or Schl sselfernschreibmaschine SFM , was a World War II Germany German teleprinter cipher machine. The machine and its traffic were codenamed Sturgeon by United Kingdom British cryptanalyst s. While the Enigma machine was generally used by field units, the T52 was an online machine used by Luftwaffe and German Navy units, which could support the heavy machine, teletypewriter and attendant fixed electrical network circuits . It fulfilled a similar role to the Lorenz Cipher Lorenz SZ40 and SZ42 machines in the German Army. The British cryptanalysts of Bletchley Park codename d the German teleprinter ciphers Fish cryptography Fish , with individual cipher systems being given further codenames just as the T52 was called Sturgeon , the Lorenz machine was codenamed Tunny . Operation The teleprinters of the day emitted each character as five parallel bit s on five lines, typically encoded in the Baudot code or something similar. The T52 had ten pinwheel cryptography pinwheel s, which were stepped in a complex nonlinear way, based in later models on their positions from various delays in the past, but in such a way that they could never stall. Each of the five plaintext bits was then XOR ed with the XOR sum of 3 taps from the pinwheels, and then cyclically adjacent pairs of plaintext bits were swapped or not, according to XOR sums of three different output bit s. The numbers of pins on all the wheels were coprime , and the triplets of bits that controlled each XOR or swap were selectable through a plugboard. This produced a much more complex cipher than the Lorenz machine, and also means that the T52 is not just a pseudorandom number generator and XOR cipher. For example, if a cipher clerk erred and sent two different messages using exactly the same settings &mdash a Cryptanalysis Depth ... more details
. One simply performs XOR of all the announced bits. If the result is 0, then it implies that none ... will cancel each other out, and the final XOR result will be math 0 math . This is called ..., he can jam the protocol so that the final XOR result is always math 0 math . This problem occurs ... more details
it is specified by the usages of logical operators, such as OR, AND, and XOR. A major strength of EPC ... XOR branch.png frame If function F1 completes, either events E1 or E2 occur style vertical align top Image EPC XOR merge.png frame If either events E1 or E2 occur, function F1 starts Logical relationships ... to the next element after the merge. A branch in the EPC is represented by an opening XOR, whereas a merge is represented as a closing XOR connectors. Actually, the branch diagram at the right must show a second operand inputting to the XOR block as XOR is a binary operation. Perhaps it may help to think an operand named condition entering the XOR block. Or should it be an XOR block at all .... Since the two situations cannot happen at the same time, XOR is the proper connector to link ... more details
. The row matches if S 13 4 C 13 4 , which is & xor S 13 4 , C 13 4 . We can partially specialize the full adders to 2 input and, or, xor, and xnor because the L input is constant. The resulting expressions ... S R sub i sub , O sub i sub , 0 R sub i sub xor O sub i sub S sub 1 i sub S R sub i sub , O sub i sub ... between them L sub i sub 0 and L sub i 1 sub 0 X sub 0 0 i sub S sub 0 i sub xor C sub 0 i sub R sub i sub xor O sub i sub xor R sub i 1 sub and O sub i 1 sub L sub i sub 0 and L sub i 1 sub 1 X sub 0 1 i sub S sub 0 i sub xor C sub 1 i sub R sub i sub xor O sub i sub xor R sub i 1 sub or O sub i 1 sub L sub i sub 1 and L sub i 1 sub 0 X sub 1 0 i sub S sub 1 i sub xor C sub 0 i sub R sub i sub xnor O sub i sub xor R sub i 1 sub and O sub i 1 sub X sub 0 0 i sub L sub i sub 1 and L sub i 1 sub 1 X sub 1 1 i sub S sub 1 i sub xor C sub 1 i sub R sub i sub xnor O sub i sub xor R sub i 1 sub ... more details
abelian groups Z sub 2 sub sup 4 sup or the table of Bitwise operation bitwise w Exclusive or XOR ... from File Multigrade operator XOR 4 argument variation truth table.svg this one , showing w exclusive or XOR operations. References cite book first1 John Horton last1 Conway authorlink1 John Horton Conway ... more details
is an efficient way to store a number of Boolean values using the minimum of memory. XOR A bitwise XOR takes two bit patterns of equal length and performs the Exclusive disjunction logical exclusive ... 0101 decimal 5 XOR 0011 decimal 3 0110 decimal 6 The bitwise XOR may be used to invert selected ... bits may be toggled by a bitwise XOR with a bit pattern containing 1 in the second and fourth positions 0010 decimal 2 XOR 1010 decimal 10 1000 decimal 8 This technique may be used to manipulate bit patterns representing sets of Boolean states. Assembly language programmers sometimes use XOR as a short cut to setting the value of a Processor register register to zero. Performing XOR on a value ... cycles and or memory than loading a zero value and saving it to the register. See also XOR swap algorithm XOR linked list Bit shifts The bit shifts are sometimes considered bitwise operations, because ... and zero testing code c b and a while a 0 c b and a b b xor a left shift c by 1 a c return b code ... bitwise calculator Online Bitwise Calculator supports Bitwise AND, OR and XOR http www.cs.uiowa.edu ... more details
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