H NFPA F NFPA R NFPA O RPhrases SPhrases RSPhrases FlashPt Autoignition ExploLimits PEL Xanthine .... A number of stimulant s are derived from xanthine, including caffeine and theobromine . ref ... 8 oclc doi url accessdate ref Xanthine is a product on the pathway of purine degradation . It is created from guanine by guanine deaminase . It is created from hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidoreductase ... of Biochemistry Life at the Molecular Level , p. 840. ref Xanthine is subsequently converted to uric acid by the action of the xanthine oxidase enzyme. Studies reported in 2008, based on sup 12 sup C sup 13 sup C isotopic ratio s of organic compounds found in the Murchison meteorite , suggested that xanthine ... suggesting xanthine and related organic molecules, including the DNA and RNA components adenine ... People with the rare genetic disorder xanthinuria lack sufficient xanthine oxidase and cannot convert xanthine to uric acid . Clinical significance of xanthine derivatives Derivatives of xanthine ... CH sub 3 sub Methyl CH sub 3 sub H 1,3 dimethyl 7H purine 2,6 dione Tea , chocolate , Yerba mate Xanthine ... ca Xantina da Xanthin de Xanthin es Xantina fa fr Xanthine gl Xantina ko hr Ksantin io Xantino id Xantina it Xantina kk mk nl Xanthine ja pl Ksantyna pt Xantina ru sr Ksantin fi Ksantiini sv Xantin ur Xanthine zh ... more details
enzyme Name xanthine oxidase dehydrogenase EC number 1.17.3.2 IUBMB EC number 1 17 3 2 CAS number 9002 ... of bovine xanthine oxidase. ref name pmid11005854 PDB 1FIQ cite journal author Enroth C, Eger BT, Okamoto K, Nishino T, Nishino T, Pai EF title Crystal structures of bovine milk xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase structure based mechanism of conversion journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. .... protein Name xanthine oxidase dehydrogenase caption image width HGNCid 12805 Symbol Xanthine dehydrogenase ... 1.17.3.2 Chromosome 2 Arm p Band 23.1 LocusSupplementaryData Xanthine oxidase XO sometimes XAO is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase , an enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species ref cite journal ... on xanthine oxidoreductase xanthine oxidase in mammalian corneal epithelium journal Acta Histochem ... DUPLICATE DATA pmid 15032331 ref . It catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid . This enzyme plays an important role in the catabolism ... and function of xanthine oxidoreductase where are we now? journal Free Radic. Biol. Med. volume 33 issue 6 pages 774 97 year 2002 pmid 12208366 doi 10.1016 S0891 5849 02 00956 5 ref Xanthine oxidase ... approved gene symbol XDH , can also have xanthine dehydrogenase activity EC 1.17.1.4 . ref cite web ... in the liver exists in a form with xanthine dehydrogenase activity, but it can be converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic modification. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene XDH xanthine dehydrogenase url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ... entry 607633?search xanthine 20dehydrogenase&highlight xanthine 20dehydrogenase title 607633 XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE XDH ref Reaction The following chemical reactions are catalyzed by xanthine oxidase hypoxanthine H sub 2 sub O O sub 2 sub math rightleftharpoons math xanthine H sub 2 sub O sub 2 sub xanthine H sub 2 sub O O sub 2 sub math rightleftharpoons math uric acid H sub 2 sub O sub ... more details
PBB geneid 7498 enzyme Name xanthine dehydrogenase EC number 1.17.1.4 IUBMB EC number 1 17 1 4 CAS number 9054 84 6 GO code 0004854 image width caption Xanthine dehydrogenase , also known as XDH , is a protein ... xanthine dehydrogenase url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch ... S, Hosoya T, Sakai O, Shimizu N, Nishino T title Cloning of the cDNA encoding human xanthine dehydrogenase ... 90652 J url ref Function Xanthine dehydrogenase belongs to the group of molybdenum containing hydroxylase s involved in the oxidative metabolism of purine s. The enzyme is a homodimer. Xanthine dehydrogenase can be converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic modification. ref name entrez Xanthine dehydrogenase catalysis catalyzes the following chemical reaction xanthine NAD sup sup H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math urate NADH H sup sup The three substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are xanthine , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide .... The systematic name of this enzyme class is xanthine NAD oxidoreductase . Other names in common use include NAD xanthine dehydrogenase , xanthine NAD oxidoreductase , xanthine NAD oxidoreductase , and xanthine oxidoreductase . This enzyme participates in purine metabolism . Clinical significance Defects in xanthine dehydrogenase cause xanthinuria , may contribute to adult respiratory stress .... ref name entrez See also aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, a b hammerhead domain xanthine ... 1153833 cite journal author Corte ED, Stirpe F date 1972 title The regulation of rat liver xanthine ... OF XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE FROM DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 92 ... and properties of chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 242 pages ... 1967 title Purification and properties of xanthine dehydroganase from Micrococcus lactilyticus journal ... K, Canne C, Huttermann J, Kappl R, Fetzner S date 2001 title Xanthine dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas ... more details
enzyme Name xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.22 CAS number 9023 10 3 IUBMB EC number 2 4 2 22 GO code 0000310 image width caption In enzymology , a xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.22 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction XMP diphosphate math rightleftharpoons math 5 phospho alpha D ribose 1 diphosphate xanthine Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are XMP and diphosphate , whereas its two product chemistry products are 5 phospho alpha D ribose 1 diphosphate and xanthine . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is XMP diphosphate 5 phospho alpha D ribosyltransferase . Other names in common use include Xan phosphoribosyltransferase , xanthosine 5 phosphate pyrophosphorylase , xanthylate pyrophosphorylase , xanthylic pyrophosphorylase , XMP pyrophosphorylase , 5 phospho alpha D ribose 1 diphosphate xanthine , phospho D ribosyltransferase , 9 5 phospho beta D ribosyl xanthine diphosphate , and 5 phospho alpha D ribosyltransferase . This enzyme participates in purine metabolism . Structural studies As of late 2007, 6 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1A95 , PDB link 1A96 , PDB link 1A97 , PDB link 1A98 , PDB link 1NUL , and PDB link 2FXV . References reflist 1 cite journal author Krenitsky TA, Neil SM, Miller RL date 1970 title Guanine and xanthine phosphoribosyltransfer activities of Lactobacillus casei and Escherichia coli. Their relationship to hypoxanthine and adenine phosphoribosyltransfer activities journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 245 pages 2605&ndash 11 pmid 4910918 issue 10 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.2 Category Enzymes of known structure ... more details
A xanthine oxidase inhibitor is any substance that Enzyme inhibitor inhibits the activity of xanthine oxidase , an enzyme involved in purine metabolism . In human s, inhibition of xanthine oxidase reduces the production of uric acid , and several medication s that inhibit xanthine oxidase are Indication ... of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors Renaissance Half a Century after the Discovery of Allopurinol journal ... 10.1124 pr.58.1.6 url ref Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are being investigated for management of reperfusion injury . Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are of two kinds purine analogue s and others. Purine ... clearance of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor oxypurinol induced by a uricosuric agent, benzbromarone ... nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase a twenty eight day, multicenter, phase II, randomized ... . In experiments, numerous natural product s have been found to inhibit xanthine oxidase in vitro ... of superoxide anion radicals by xanthine oxidase and stimulated neutrophils journal Archives of Biochemistry ... inhibit xanthine oxidase. ref name pmid10671036 cite journal author Nagao A, Seki M, Kobayashi H title Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by flavonoids journal Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry ... ref An essential oil extracted from Cinnamomum osmophloeum inhibits xanthine oxidase in mouse mice ... Essential oil from leaves of Cinnamomum osmophloeum acts as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor and reduces ... propolis from selected sources inhibits xanthine oxidase in rat s the specific substance responsible .... ref name pmid15738631 cite journal author Yoshizumi K, Nishioka N, Tsuji T title Xanthine oxidase inhibitory ... 2010 ref An extract of leaves of Pistacia integerrima also inhibits xanthine oxidase at a level that appears ... a weak inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. ref name pmid7539070 cite journal author Chiang HC, Lo YJ, Lu FJ title Xanthine oxidase inhibitors from the leaves of Alsophila spinulosa Hook Tryon journal Journal ... Antigout preparations Category Xanthine oxidase inhibitors Category Uric acid musculoskeletal ... more details
Pfam box Symbol Ald Xan dh C Name Aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, a b hammerhead domain image width caption Pfam PF01315 InterPro IPR000674 SMART Prosite SCOP 1alo TCDB OPM family OPM protein PDB PDB3 1t3q E 28 142 PDB3 1n5w E 35 144 PDB3 1zxi B 35 144 PDB3 1n60 B 35 144 PDB3 1n63 E 35 144 PDB3 1n62 E 35 144 PDB3 1n61 E 35 144 PDB3 1sb3 D 25 131 PDB3 1rm6 A 25 131 PDB3 1wyg A 587 693 PDB3 1v97 B 587 693 PDB3 1n5x A 587 693 PDB3 1fo4 B 587 693 PDB3 1vdv B 587 693 PDB3 1fiq C 587 693 PDB3 1dgj A 203 308 PDB3 1sij A 192 308 PDB3 1vlb A 192 308 The aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, a b hammerhead domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain . Aldehyde oxidase EC number 1.2.3.1 catalyzes the conversion of an aldehyde in the presence of oxygen and water to an acid and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme is a homodimer, and requires FAD , molybdenum and two 2FE 2S clusters as cofactors. Xanthine dehydrogenase EC number 1.1.1.204 catalyzes the hydrogenation of xanthine to uric acid urate , and also requires FAD, molybdenum and two 2FE 2S clusters as cofactors. This activity is often found in a bifunctional enzyme with xanthine oxidase EC number 1.1.3.22 activity too. The enzyme can be converted from the dehydrogenase form to the oxidase form irreversibly by proteolysis or reversibly through oxidation of sulfhydryl groups. Human proteins containing this domain aldehyde oxidase 1 AOX1 , xanthine dehydrogenase XDH Further reading refbegin cite journal author Rom o MJ, Archer M, Moura I, Moura JJ, LeGall J, Engh R, Schneider M, Hof P, Huber R title Crystal structure of the xanthine oxidase related aldehyde oxido reductase from D. gigas journal Science volume 270 issue 5239 pages 1170 6 year 1995 month November pmid 7502041 doi 10.1126 science.270.5239.1170 url issn cite journal author Dobbek H, Gremer L, Meyer O, Huber R title Crystal structure and mechanism of CO dehydrogenase, a molybdo iron sulfur flavoprotein containing S selanylcysteine journal Proc ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Image Purin2.svg thumb Purine File Xanthin Xanthine.svg thumb Xanthine Image Hypoxanthin Hypoxanthine.svg thumb Hypoxanthine Purinones are derivatives of purine which have a substituted keto group. Most are divided into two families Hypoxanthine s Xanthine s External links MeshName Purinones Category Purines chemistry stub ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2010 Weidel s reaction may refer to either a chemical reaction showing the presence of uric acid or xanthine bodies, or to a Chemical test test now considered obsolete based on that reaction invented by the Austria n chemist Hugo Weidel . A solution of the suspected substance in chlorine water with a little nitric acid is evaporated in a water bath , and then exposed to the vapor of ammonia the presence of xanthine is indicated when a red or purple color develops. Category Chemical tests Category Name reactions zh Weidel ... more details
XDH is a three letter abbreviation with multiple meanings, as described below the XDH Assumption , or, the External Diffie Hellman assumption , a mathematic assumption used in elliptic curve cryptography XdH Aviation Services Inc. , a Canada Canadian aviation company xanthine dehydrogenase , an enzyme disambig ... more details
Infobox disease Name Xanthinuria ICD10 ICD10 E 79 8 e 70 ICD9 ICD9 277.2 ICDO Image Xanthin Xanthine.svg Caption Xanthine OMIM 278300 OMIM mult OMIM2 603592 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj ped eMedicineTopic 2452 DiseasesDB 14194 DiseasesDB mult DiseasesDB2 29821 MeshName MeshNumber Xanthinuria , also known as xanthine oxidase deficiency , is a rare genetic disorder causing the accumulation of xanthine . It is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme xanthine oxidase . It was first formally characterized in 1954. ref cite journal author Dent CE, Philpot GR title Xanthinuria, an inborn error or deviation of metabolism journal The Lancet Lancet year 1954 volume 266 issue 6804 pages 182 5 pmid 13118765 doi 10.1016 S0140 6736 54 91257 X ref Causes It can be caused by a deficiency of xanthine oxidase , which is an enzyme necessary for converting xanthine to uric acid . ref name pmid9153281 cite journal author Ichida K, Amaya Y, Kamatani N, Nishino T, Hosoya T, Sakai O title Identification of two mutations in human xanthine dehydrogenase gene responsible for classical type I xanthinuria journal J. Clin. Invest. volume 99 issue 10 pages 2391 7 year 1997 pmid 9153281 pmc 508078 doi 10.1172 JCI119421 ref Presentation Sufferers have unusually high concentrations of xanthine in their blood and urine, which can lead to health problems such as renal failure and xanthine kidney stones, one of the rarest types of kidney stones. Treatment There is no specific treatment beyond maintaining a high fluid intake and avoiding foods that are high in purine . References references div class references small cite journal author Kojima T., Nishina T., Kitamura M., Hosoya T., Nishioka K. title Biochemical studies on the purine metabolism of four cases with hereditary xanthinuria journal Clin Chim Acta. year 1984 volume 137 issue 2 pages 189 98 pmid 6423323 doi 10.1016 0009 8981 84 90179 7 cite journal author Hille R. title Structure and Function of Xanthine Oxidoreductase journal European Journal of In ... more details
enzyme Name enzyme thiol transhydrogenase glutathione disulfide EC number 1.8.4.7 CAS number 85030 79 1 IUBMB EC number 1 8 4 7 GO code 0047142 image width caption In enzymology , an enzyme thiol transhydrogenase glutathione disulfide EC number 1.8.4.7 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction xanthine dehydrogenase glutathione disulfide math rightleftharpoons math xanthine oxidase 2 glutathione Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are xanthine dehydrogenase and glutathione disulfide , whereas its two product chemistry products are xanthine oxidase and glutathione . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on a sulfur group of donors with a disulfide as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is xanthine dehydrogenase glutathione disulfide S oxidoreductase . Other names in common use include xanthine dehydrogenase oxidized glutathione S oxidoreductase , enzyme thiol transhydrogenase oxidized glutathione , glutathione dependent thiol disulfide oxidoreductase , and thiol disulfide oxidoreductase . This enzyme participates in glutathione metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Battelli MG, Lorenzoni E date 1982 title Purification and properties of a new glutathione dependent thiol disulphide oxidoreductase from rat liver journal Biochem. J. volume 207 pages 133&ndash 8 pmid 6960894 issue 1 pmc 1153833 1.8 enzyme stub Category EC 1.8.4 Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Enzima tiolo transidrogenasi glutatione disolfuro ja ... more details
NOTC The molecular formula C sub 5 sub H sub 4 sub N sub 4 sub O sub 2 sub may refer to xanthine Oxypurinol Molecular formula disambiguation C sub 5 sub H sub 4 sub N sub 4 sub O sub 2 sub sr C5H4N4O2 ... more details
necrosis necrotizing papillitis . Xanthine oxidase deficiency main Xanthine oxidase deficiency Another possible cause of nephropathy is due to decreased function of xanthine oxidase in the purine degradation pathway. Xanthine oxidase will degrade hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid . Xanthine is not very soluble in water therefore, an increase in xanthine forms crystals which can lead to kidney stone s and result in damage of the kidney. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, like allopurinol ... more details
nucleoside phosphorylase converts guanosine to guanine Guanase converts guanine to xanthineXanthine oxidase a form of xanthine oxidoreductase catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid Adenine ... nucleoside phosphorylase acts upon inosine to create hypoxanthine Xanthine oxidoreductase catalyzes the biotransformation of hypoxanthine to xanthineXanthine oxidoreductase acts upon xanthine to create ... . Allopurinol is a drug that inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase and, thus, lowers the level ... more details
Drugbox IUPAC name 7 2 dimethylaminoethyl 1,3 dimethyl purine 2,6 dione image Dimethazan.png Clinical data tradename pregnancy category legal status Rx only routes of administration Oral Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number 519 30 2 ATC prefix none ATC suffix PubChem 10612 ChemSpiderID 10167 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII H943V308AD synonyms small 1,3 dimethyl 7 2 dimethylaminoethyl xanthine br 7 2 dimethylaminoethyl theophylline small Chemical data C 11 H 17 N 5 O 2 molecular weight 251.29 g mol smiles O C2N c1ncn c1C O N2C CCN C C C Dimethazan Elidin is a stimulant drug of the xanthine class related to caffeine and theophylline . ref name pmid13559232 cite journal author BATTERMAN RC, GROSSMAN AJ, LEIFER P, MOURATOFF GJ title Central nervous system stimulation and sedation with dimethazan journal The American Journal of the Medical Sciences volume 236 issue 2 pages 162 7 year 1958 month August pmid 13559232 doi url ref It also has anxiolytic tranquilizing and respiration physiology respiratory stimulating effects and has been sold as an antidepressant . ref name pmid13559232 cite journal author BATTERMAN RC, GROSSMAN AJ, LEIFER P, MOURATOFF GJ title Central nervous system stimulation and sedation with dimethazan journal The American Journal of the Medical Sciences volume 236 issue 2 pages 162 7 year 1958 month August pmid 13559232 doi url ref ref name isbn0 911910 13 1 cite book author O Neil, Maryadele J. title The Merck index an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, and biologicals publisher Merck Research Laboratories location Rahway, NJ year 2001 pages isbn 0 911910 13 1 oclc doi accessdate ref See also Xanthine References Reflist 2 Antidepressants Stimulants Adenosinergics Category Antidepressants Category Xanthines Category Article Feedback 5 nervous system drug stub ... more details
Chembox ImageFile Oxypurinol.svg PIN 1,2 Dihydropyrazolo 4,3 e pyrimidine 4,6 dione SystematicName 1 H ,2 H ,4 H ,5 H ,6 H pyrazolo 3,4 d pyrimidine 4,6 dione OtherNames 1 H ,2 H ,5 H pyrazolo 3,4 d pyrimidine 4,6 dione br Alloxanthine Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 2465 59 0 PubChem 4644 PubChem Ref pubchemcite ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 859 ChemSpiderID 4483 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite EINECS 219 570 9 KEGG C07599 MeSHName Oxypurinol ChEBI 28315 UNII G97OZE5068 SMILES O C1NC O C2 CNNC2 N1 InChI 1S C5H4N4O2 c10 4 2 1 6 9 3 2 7 5 11 8 4 h1H, H3,6,7,8,9,10,11 InChIKey HXNFUBHNUDHIGC UHFFFAOYSA N Beilstein 139956 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 5 sub H sub 4 sub N sub 4 sub O sub 2 sub MolarMass 152.11086 Appearance white crystals Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Oxypurinol is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase . It is an active metabolite of allopurinol and it is cleared renally. In cases of renal disease, this metabolite will accumulate to toxic levels. Category Pyrazolopyrimidines Category Xanthine oxidase inhibitors heterocyclic stub de Oxipurinol ru fi Oksipurinoli ... more details
Oster, K., Oster, J., and Ross, D. Immune Response to Bovine Xanthine Oxidase in Atherosclerotic ... Xanthine Oxidase in Atherosclerotic Plaques and Myocardial Tissues. Proceedings of the Society ... xanthine oxidase. Proceedings for the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1980 163 141 145. Clifford AJ, Ho CY, Swenerton H. Homogenized bovine milk xanthine oxidase a critique of the hypothesis .... 1983 38 327 332. McCarthy RD, Long CA. Bovine milk intake and xanthine oxidase activity in blood ... xanthine oxidase studies on miniature pigs. Nutrition Report International. 1977 16 241 248. Ho CY ... bovine milk xanthine oxidase. Journal of Nutrition. 1978 108 55 60. Bangham AD. Physical structure and behavior ... AJ. Bovine milk xanthine oxidase, blood lipids and coronary plaques in rabbits. Journal of Nutrition ... more details
chembox UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 221A91BQ2S verifiedrevid 437136415 ImageFile Etamiphylline.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName 7 2 diethylaminoethyl 1,3 dimethylpurine 2,6 dione OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 314 35 2 PubChem 28329 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG D07378 SMILES CCN CC CCN1C NC2 C1C O N C O N2C C Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 13 sub H sub 21 sub N sub 5 sub O sub 2 sub MolarMass 279.33814 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Etamiphylline or etamiphyllin is a xanthine . pharmacology stub Category Xanthines fa ... more details
name pmid225216 cite journal author Iancu L, Shneur A, Cohen H title Trials with xanthine derivatives ... pmid 225216 doi url ref See also Xanthine References Reflist Stimulants Asthma and copd rx Adenosinergics ... more details
The enzyme super family of molybdenum oxotransferase s all contain molybdenum , and promote oxygen atom transfer reactions. ref name lippard Stephen J. Lippard, Jeremy M. Berg, Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry , University Science Books, 1994, ISBN 0 935702 72 5, pg 318 http books.google.com books?id zGJtXzPINAUC&pg PA318&lpg PA318&dq oxotransferase&source bl&ots gBP8OYZlhE&sig 2GN1dvf un5AX vFvd i pWD4Po&hl en&ei MFvMTL7sIpK6sQO1rKmFDw&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 9&ved 0CEUQ6AEwCA v onepage&q oxotransferase&f false ref Enzymes in this family include DMSO reductase , xanthine oxidase , nitrite reductase , and sulfite oxidase . See also Bioinorganic chemistry References Reflist Category Metalloproteins Category Molybdenum compounds enzyme stub it Molibdo enzimi mononucleari ... more details
of the action of xanthine oxidase on xanthine . However, more frequently in purine degradation , hypoxanthine is formed from reduction of xanthine by xanthine oxidoreductase . Hypoxanthine guanine .... Additional images gallery Image Adenin.svg Adenine Image Guanin.svg Guanine Image Xanthin.svg Xanthine ... more details
XO may refer to XO Care Most advanced dentist equipment Executive officer in the military Christian Allen , New College Entz Executive order disambiguation Executive order , an edict by a member of the executive branch of a government Xanthine oxidase , an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine Crystal oscillator , an electronic circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal to create an electrical signal with a precise frequency XO, the now deprecated abbreviation for crystal oscillator Circuit notations and abbreviations crystal oscillators on electrical schematic diagrams XO, a grade of Cognac drink Grades cognac , meaning extra old XO, the IATA code for Spain s LTE International Airways XO Communications , a telecom company XO sauce , a spicy seafood sauce XO Telescope and its related exo planet survey Music XO album XO album by singer songwriter Elliott Smith XO , a song on Fall Out Boy s third studio album, From Under The Cork Tree XO Leathermouth album XO Leathermouth album , Leathermouth s debut album XOXO , a song on Gunnie Sanotchra s 2009 studio album, Girl Crazy XO , alias for Toronto based musician The Weeknd See also Chi Omega , a National Panhellenic Conference women s fraternity Eastern Orthodoxy Christianity from the Greek , Xristianos Orthodoksos Hugs and kisses , sometimes written as a sequence of XOs OLPC XO 1 laptop, produced by the One Laptop per Child association Tic tac toe , a game using X s and O s X0 disambiguation XOXO , an XML microformat disambig Category Initialisms de XO es XO fa XO fr XO it XO sw XO nl XO ja XO sv XO zh XO ... more details
italic title taxobox name Pseudocinnamomum image Cinnamomum osmophloeum.jpg status VU status system IUCN2.3 regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperm s unranked classis Magnoliid s ordo Laurales familia Lauraceae genus Cinnamomum species C. osmophloeum binomial Cinnamomum osmophloeum binomial authority Kaneh Cinnamomum osmophloeum , commonly known as pseudocinnamomum or indigenous cinnamon , is an evergreen tree in the genus Cinnamomum . It is native to Taiwan . Cinnamaldehyde , an essential oil extracted from C. osmophloeum , has numerous commercial uses. Also, it is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor , hence a potential drug for treatment of hyperuricemia and related medical conditions including gout . ref name pmid18693097 cite journal author Wang SY, Yang CW, Liao JW, Zhen WW, Chu FH, Chang ST title Essential oil from leaves of Cinnamomum osmophloeum acts as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor and reduces the serum uric acid levels in oxonate induced mice journal Phytomedicine volume 15 issue 11 pages 940 year 2008 month August pmid 18693097 doi 10.1016 j.phymed.2008.06.002 url ref References reflist External links commonscat http etds.ncl.edu.tw theabs site sh detail result.jsp?id 091NTU00252023 Cinnamomum osmophloeum See also Cinnamomum aromaticum Cassia Cinnamon Japanese cinnamon Malabathrum Saigon cinnamon Category Cinnamomum osmophloeum Category Spices Category Vulnerable plants Laurales stub ar az Cinnamomum osmophloeum zh ... more details
Drugbox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 443500928 IUPAC name 4 amino 3 3 trifluoromethyl phenyl 1,2 thiazole 5 carboxylic a cid image Amflutizole.png Clinical data tradename Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life Identifiers CAS number 82114 19 0 ATC prefix ATC suffix PubChem 192344 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 49508 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 83N680M457 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG D02896 Chemical data C 11 H 7 F 3 N 2 O 2 S 1 molecular weight 288.2g mol smiles FC F F c1cccc c1 c2nsc c2N C O O InChI 1 C11H7F3N2O2S c12 11 13,14 6 3 1 2 5 4 6 8 7 15 9 10 17 18 19 16 8 h1 4H,15H2, H,17,18 InChIKey KVMCEGAWQYTFKC UHFFFAOYAW StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C11H7F3N2O2S c12 11 13,14 6 3 1 2 5 4 6 8 7 15 9 10 17 18 19 16 8 h1 4H,15H2, H,17,18 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey KVMCEGAWQYTFKC UHFFFAOYSA N Amflutizole is a xanthine oxidase enzyme inhibitor inhibitor used for the treatment of gout . Synthesis The tosyl oxime of the meta trifluromethyl benzoic acid acid cyanide is the reactamt. This is cross reacted with ethyl 2 mercaptoacetate in the presence of a base displacement of the tosylate by mercaptide leads to the formation of the heterocyclic N S bond. This intermediate compound is then converted to the carbanion by a second equivalent of base. This adds to the cyano group protonation then goes on to form the imine , tautomerization of which gives the corresponding amino form. Finally, saponification of the ester thus affords amflutizole as the product. File Amflutizole synth.png 500px Aron Samuel, M. D. Sterne, J. J. 1971, Cite patent CA 941300 . Category Xanthine oxidase inhibitors ... more details
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