notability Biographies date January 2011 Infobox person name Ron Newman or Ronald Newman image 2008 04 anonymous and Ron Newman 01 crop.jpg imagesize 150px caption Ron Newman at ROFLCon , at Massachusetts Institute of Technology , in April 2008 birth date birth place occupation Computer programmer nationality alma mater residence United States website http www.thecia.net rnewman footnotes Ron Newman is a computer programmer . He was part of the early development team behind the X Window System , from the first version in 1984 to X11R2 in 1988. From December 1994 to October 1996 he maintained a web page detailing the first few years of Scientology vs. the Internet , ref cite web first Dan last Kennedy title BU s Scientology Connection Scientology s Tangled Web url http bostonphoenix.com alt1 archive specials scientology TANGLED WEB.html work publisher Boston Phoenix date 1996 04 19 accessdate 2008 01 17 ref . Of late he is unemployed and spends much time trolling on line Somerville, Cambridge, and Boston communities looking for fellowship. Notes Reflist References Refbegin James W. Gettys and Robert W. Schiefler http www.x.org docs X11 xlib.pdf Xlib C Language X Interface X.org Robert W. Scheifler and James Gettys X Window System Core and extension protocols, X version 11, releases 6 and 6.1 , Digital Press 1996, ISBN 1 55558 148 X cite web first Alan last Prendergast title Hunting rabbits, serving spam The net under siege url http www.westword.com 1995 10 04 news hunting rabbits serving spam the net under siege full work Westword Denver Westword publisher Village Voice Media date 1995 10 04 accessdate 2008 03 16 cite web first Dan last Kennedy title BU s Scientology Connection Scientology s Tangled Web url http bostonphoenix.com alt1 archive specials scientology TANGLED WEB.html work The Phoenix newspaper Boston Phoenix date 1996 04 19 accessdate 2008 03 16 cite web first Joseph last Mallia title Church, enemies wage war on Internet battlefield work Inside the Churc ... more details
BLP sources date September 2010 Citations missing date September 2010 Infobox person image Carsten Haitzler at Linuxtag 2001.jpg image size 150px name Carsten Haitzler caption birth date birth date and age 1975 11 29 df y occupation Software engineer spouse NA website http www.rasterman.com Carsten Haitzler born 1975 , known as Raster or Rasterman to the Open source software open source community, is an Australian Germany German his father is German and his mother is Finnish software engineer best known for initiating and leading the development of the Enlightenment window manager Enlightenment window manager and its Enlightenment Foundation Libraries libraries . Carsten Haitzler was born in Nigeria , but soon moved with his family to Germany where he lived until the age of 4. Carsten then moved to Sydney , Australia where he attended the University of New South Wales , graduating with a bachelor degree in computer science . In 1997 Carsten moved to North Carolina , United States U.S. to work for Red Hat in the development of the CORBA , Xlib , GTK libraries, then later moved to work with VA Linux Systems . In Sydney, Carsten worked for Fluffy Spider Technologies where he refined, optimized and commercialized the basic Enlightenment Foundation Libraries EFL for Enlightenment 0.17. Fluffy Spider Technologies use some of EFL for their embedded Linux graphical user interface FancyPants. After working for Morgan Stanley in Tokyo, he worked for Openmoko , decided that it turned out to be a non working thing for me, so I resigned . Other software Carsten has contributed to includes electric eyes, GTK theme engines, Imlib, Imlib2 and Epplets. External links and References http www.linux.org.au auscontrib Linux Australia Australian Contributors. http www.dsj.net compedge rasterman.html Carsten Haitzler departs Red Hat http www.kalamazoolinux.org mailarchive 9801 msg00053.html RHS Newsletter, January 1998. http lwn.net 1999 features Timeline ?month jun LWN Linux Timeline, Ju ... more details
Primary sources date May 2008 Infobox software name 9wm title 9wm logo File screenshot File caption collapsible author developer David Hogan computer scientist David Hogan dhog released 1994 Start date 1994 MM DD discontinued latest release version latest release date Start date and age YYYY MM DD latest preview version latest preview date Start date and age YYYY MM DD frequently updated DO NOT include this parameter unless you know what it does programming language C programming language C operating system Unix like platform size language status genre Window manager license website http unauthorised.org dhog 9wm.html 9wm is an Open Source stacking window manager stacking window manager for X11 , written by David Hogan computer scientist David Hogan dhog in 1994 to emulate the Plan 9 from Bell Labs Plan 9 Second Edition window manager, 8 Plan 9 8 . Many later minimalist window managers for X were either inspired by, or directly derived from, 9wm. The http unauthorised.org dhog 9wm README README file in the 9wm source distribution describes it like so blockquote 9wm is an X window manager which attempts to emulate the Plan 9 window manager 8 as far as possible within the constraints imposed by X. It provides a simple yet comfortable user interface, without garish decorations or title bars. Or icons. And it s click to type. This will not appeal to everybody, but if you re not put off yet then read on. And don t knock it until you ve tried it . blockquote 9wm has an undocumented tt nostalgia tt option, for a Blit computer terminal Blit cursor, which John Mackin insisted on. Features Written in C programming language C using the xlib toolkit. No other dependencies. A right click on the root window gives a menu that provides window operations Move, Resize, Delete, Hide , a list of hidden windows which may be unhidden by selecting from the menu, and a command to launch a terminal emulator , typically 9term . There are no keyboard controls. Window borders originally did no ... more details
entries are predefined by the hardware and cannot be changed. See also X11 color names Xlib and other client libraries Main Xlib Most client programs communicate with the server via the Xlib client library. Beside Xlib, the XCB library operates more closely to X protocol. In particular, most clients ... Xlib for interacting with the server. Inter client communication anchor ICE inbound links to anchor ... Commit removing XPrint ref See also Xlib Intrinsics Xt X Window System core protocol X logical ... more details
Infobox software name Xfig logo screenshot File Xfig screenshot.png 250px caption Screenshot of xfig with example drawings. developer released start date and age 1985 ref name XfigCredits latest release version 3.2.5b latest release date start date and age 2009 06 01 programming language C programming language C and Xlib operating system Linux , Mac OS X , Microsoft Windows , FreeBSD , Solaris operating system Solaris language English and Japanese status Active genre Vector graphics editor license Free and open source MIT License MIT like License website URL www.xfig.org Xfig is a free and open source vector graphics editor which runs under the X Window System on most Unix UNIX compatible Computing platform platforms . In Xfig, figures may be drawn using objects such as circles, boxes, lines, spline curves, text, etc. It is also possible to import images in formats such as GIF , JPEG , Encapsulated PostScript EPS , PostScript , etc. Those objects can be created, deleted, moved or modified. Attributes such as colors or line styles can be selected in various ways. For text, 35 font s are available. Xfig saves figures in its native text only Fig format . Xfig has a facility to print figures to a PostScript printer too. A convenient feature is the PSTEX or PDFTEX export format that allows a smooth integration of Xfig generated images into LaTeX documents. Most operations in xfig are performed using the mouse, but some operations may also be performed using keyboard accelerators short cuts . The interface is designed for a three button mouse, although it is also possible to use a two button or a one button mouse with appropriate emulation, for example on a Macintosh under OS X. History Xfig was written by Supoj Sutanthavibul in 1985. Ken Yap ported xfig to X11. In 1989, Brian V. Smith added many features. In 1991, Paul King added many features including overhauling the GUI for version 2.0. In 1997, Tom Sato added Japanese text support, spell checker, and search replace. ... more details
Other uses2 Argo Infobox web browser name Argo logo screenshot File Argo.gif 200px caption author developer Bert Bos ref name WWW3 released release date and age 1993 latest release version latest release date release date and age 1997 07 02 operating system HP UX platform language English programming language genre web browser license W3C Software Notice and License ref group a Insert footnote text here ref CERN open source copyright discontinued yes website Argo was part of a project to make the Internet accessible to scholars in the Humanities at the University of Groningen . ref name chapter20 The Argo web browser was created in August 1994 by Bert Bos . ref name WWW3 Cite web title SIMPLE STYLE SHEETS FOR SGML & HTML ON THE WEB url http www.w3.org People Bos style.html publisher World Wide Web Consortium accessdate 20 June 2010 author Bert Bos date 14 April 1995 ref There currently is no publicly available compiled version, although the source code still exists. ref http www.w3.org People Bos Argo browser argo the download directory for the Argo files ref History The Argo browser was able to handle its own style sheet language called Stream based Style Sheet Proposal SSP Rendering computer graphics rendered mostly by Xlib Xrm . ref name WWW3 SSP was general enough to be able to applied to other markup language s in addition to HTML . In the development process of Cascading Style Sheets CSS Bos was one of the first people who decided to join H kon Wium Lie . ref name chapter20 Cite web title Chapter 20 The CSS saga url http www.w3.org Style LieBos2e history publisher World Wide Web Consortium accessdate 23 June 2010 author H kon Wium Lie coauthors Bert Bos ref Although this early adoption SSP had other advanced features that could not be integrated in CSS1 and had to wait for CSS2. ref name chapter20 Arena web browser Arena and Argo were presented as a testbed at the World Wide Web Conference 3 on 10 14 April 1995 in Darmstadt ref name WWW3 ref name chapter20 Fun ... more details
About X Window System X s default window manager Tiling Window Manager Tiling window manager lowercase title twm Infobox software name twm logo screenshot Image twm.png 180px twm desktop caption collapsible author Tom LaStrange developer Eeri Kask current maintainer released 1987 latest release version latest release date latest preview version latest preview date frequently updated programming language C programming language C operating system Unix like platform size language status Active genre X window manager Window manager license MIT License website Portal Free software In computing , twm originally Tom s Window Manager , then Tab Window Manager and now Timeless Windows Manager ref cite web title index xorg app twm work Timeless Windows Manager publisher git. freedesktop.org date 2011 07 28 url http cgit.freedesktop.org xorg app twm accessdate 2011 11 01 ref is the standard X window manager window manager for the X Window System , version X11R4 onwards. It is a re parenting window manager that provides title bars, shaped windows and icon management, and is extensively configurable. twm was a breakthrough achievement in its time, but has been largely superseded by other window managers. twm made a strong impact on the development of X window managers. Many others, such as vtwm , tvtwm , CTWM , FVWM and their derivatives, were built on its source code code , while many others used concepts pioneered by it. A small but dedicated minority of users favor twm for its simplicity, customizability, and light weight&mdash partly due to being written in C programming language C directly against Xlib rather than based on a widget toolkit . twm is still standard with the X.Org reference implementation and is available as part of many X distributions. The Knoppix live CD will resort to twm if the computer it is running on lacks the Random access memory RAM for a more sophisticated window manager. twm was created by Tom LaStrange . It is currently maintained in X.Org by Eeri ... more details
For a discussion of callback with computer modem s callback telecommunications In computer programming , a callback is a Reference computer science reference to a piece of executable code , that is passed as an argument computer science argument to other code. This allows a lower level abstraction layer software layer to call a subroutine or function defined in a higher level layer. Image Callback notitle.svg thumb 370px A callback is often back on the level of the original caller. Use Callbacks have a wide variety of uses. For example, imagine a function that reads a configuration file and associates values with options. If the options are identified by a hash function hash , then writing the function so that it takes a callback makes it more flexible its user can choose whatever hashing algorithm is desired and the function will continue to work, since it uses the callback to turn option names into hashes thus, callbacks allow the user of a function to fine tune it at runtime. Another use is in error signaling. A Unix program, for example, might not want to terminate immediately when it receives SIGTERM to make sure things get taken care of, it would register the cleanup function as a callback. Callbacks may also be used to control whether a function acts or not Xlib allows custom Branch predication predicates to be specified to determine whether a program wishes to handle an event. The following code in C programming language C demonstrates the use of callbacks to display two numbers. source lang c include stdio.h include stdlib.h The calling function takes a single callback as a parameter. void PrintTwoNumbers int numberSource void printf d and d n , numberSource , numberSource A possible callback int overNineThousand void return rand 1000 9001 Another possible callback. int meaningOfLife void return 42 Here we call PrintTwoNumbers with three different callbacks. int main void PrintTwoNumbers rand PrintTwoNumbers overNineThousand PrintTwoNumbers meaningOfLife re ... more details
Infobox software name X keyboard extension logo screenshot caption collapsible author X.Org Foundation developer released Start date YYYY MM DD latest release version 1.0 latest release date Start date and age 1996 latest preview version latest preview date Start date and age YYYY MM DD frequently updated programming language operating system platform size language status genre license website In human computer interface s, the X keyboard extension or XKB is a part of the X Window System that extends the ability to control the computer keyboard keyboard over what is offered by the X Window System core protocol . The main features of this extension are enhanced support for modifier key modifier s better treatment of key group s extended control of keyboard indicators LED s and bell character bell s various new keyboard parameters controls association of actions of a particular kind to keys The extension is composed of two parts a server extension and a client library. Modern versions of Xlib contain XKB, which is active by default. Client programs not using this extension can deactivate it before connecting with the server, or can simply work normally as the extension simulates the core protocol by default. Latched and locked modifiers XKB allows a modifier to be locked or latched , other than being in its regular state. Normally, a modifier is active exactly when it is pressed, like the Shift key Shift . However, a modifier may also be locked, like the Caps Lock modifier. In particular, when a modifier is locked, it remains active until it is explicitly deactivated. An intermediate condition between regular and locked is the latched state When a modifier is latched, it remains active, but only until the next non modifier key is pressed. XKB allows a client application to explicitly latch or lock a modifier. Moreover, an application can bind a key press or release to a modifier state change. This way, a modifier may automatically become latched or locked whenever a k ... more details
The Graphics Device Interface GDI is a Microsoft Windows application programming interface and core operating system component responsible for representing graphical objects and transmitting them to output devices such as computer display monitors and computer printer printers . GDI is responsible for tasks such as drawing lines and curves, rendering Typeface fonts and handling Palette computing palettes . It is not directly responsible for drawing windows, menus, etc. that task is reserved for the Windows USER user subsystem, which resides in user32.dll and is built atop GDI. Other systems have components that are similar to GDI, for example Macintosh s QuickDraw and GTK s GDK Xlib . Perhaps the most significant capability of GDI over more direct methods of accessing the hardware are its scaling capabilities, and its abstract representation of target devices. Using GDI, it is very easy to draw on multiple devices, such as a screen and a printer, and expect proper reproduction in each case. This capability is at the center of all WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get applications for Microsoft Windows. Simple games that do not require fast graphics rendering use GDI. However, GDI is relatively hard to use for advanced animation, and lacks a notion for synchronizing with individual video frame s in the video card , lacks hardware rasterization for 3D, etc. Modern games usually use DirectX or OpenGL instead, which let programmers exploit the features of modern hardware. Technical details A Device Context DC is used to define the attributes of text and images that are output to the screen or printer. The actual context is maintained by GDI. A handle to the Device Context HDC is obtained before output is written and then released after elements have been written. Version history split section GDI date April 2012 Windows XP With the introduction of Windows XP , GDI was deprecated Citation needed date July 2011 in favor of its successor, the C based GDI subsystem. GDI adds ... more details
Refimprove date December 2007 Infobox publisher image Image O Reilly Media logo.svg 150px parent status founded 1978 founder Tim O Reilly successor country United States headquarters Sebastopol, California distribution keypeople publications Book s, Magazine s topics genre imprints revenue numemployees nasdaq url URL http www.oreilly.com Image with inadequate rationale removed Image Programming Perl.jpg thumb 200px right Programming Perl is a classic O Reilly book. O Reilly Media formerly O Reilly & Associates is an American Mass media media company law company established by Tim O Reilly that publishes books and Web sites and produces conferences on computer technology topics. Their distinctive brand features a woodcut of an animal on many of their book covers. Company The company began in 1978 as a private consulting firm doing technical writing , based in the Cambridge, Massachusetts area. In 1984, it began to retain publishing rights on manuals created for Unix vendors. A few 70 page Nutshell Handbooks were well received, but the focus remained on the consulting business until 1988. After a conference displaying O Reilly s preliminary Xlib manuals attracted significant attention, the company began increasing production of manuals and books In 1992, O Reilly Media published one of the first popular books about the Internet , Ed Krol s Whole Internet User s Guide and Catalog . ref name latimes1 cite news url http www.latimes.com business la fi oreilly10 2008oct10,0,7602348,print.story title Tech guru challenges next generation to get serious Los Angeles Times publisher Latimes.com date 2008 10 10 accessdate 2010 08 10 first Jessica last Guynn ref O Reilly Media also created the first web portal , the Global Network Navigator GNN in 1993 it was sold to AOL in 1995, one of the first large transactions of the dot com bubble . O Reilly launched a Perl Conference to raise the profile of the Perl programming language. Many of the company s other software bestsellers wer ... more details
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