chembox Verifiedfields changed Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 458276050 Name small D small Xylose ImageFileL1 Xylose.svg ImageSizeL1 120px ImageNameL1 D Xylopyranose ImageFileR1 Xylofuranose.png ImageSizeR1 130px ImageNameR1 Xylofuranose ImageFile2 D Xylose.svg ImageSize2 180px ImageName2 Xylose chair ImageFile3 Xylose linear.png ImageSize3 180px ImageName3 Xylose linear IUPACName small D small Xylose OtherNames Xylose br Wood sugar Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 58 86 6 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo1 609 06 3 CASNo1 Comment small L small isomer CASNo1 Ref cascite correct ESIS CASNo2 ... Xylulose Xylose cf. Ancient Greek language Greek , xylos , wood is a sugar first isolated from wood, and named for it. Xylose is classified as a monosaccharide of the aldopentose type, which ... The acyclic form of xylose has chemical formula HOCH sub 2 sub carbon C H OH sub 3 sub CHO ..., depending on the relative orientation of the anomeric hydroxy group. Occurrence Xylose is the main building block for hemicellulose , which comprises about 30 of plant matter. Xylose is otherwise pervasive ... in 1881. Xylose is also the first saccharide added to the serine or threonine in the proteoglycan ... 119.pub2 ref Xylose is not metabolised by humans. It is completely absorbed and secreted from the kidneys. In animal medicine, xylose is used to test for malabsorption by administration in water to the patient after fasting . If xylose is detected in blood and or urine within the next few ... article 003606.htm title D xylose absorption work MedlinePlus publisher U.S. National Library of Medicine date July 2008 accessdate 2009 09 06 . ref Organic redox reaction Reduction of xylose by catalytic hydrogenation produces the non cariogenic sugar substitute xylitol . See also Xylose metabolism ... be x old bg ca Xilosa da Xylose de Xylose es Xilosa eu Xilosa fr Xylose fy Ksyloaze gl Xilosa id Xilosa it D xilosio hu Xil z nl Xylose ja nn Xylose pl Ksyloza pt Xilose ... more details
File Xylose.png thumb Xylose D Xylose is a five carbon aldose pentose , monosaccharide that can be catabolized ... pathways for the catabolism of D xylose An oxireductive pathway that is present in eukaryotic ... called the Xylose Reductase Xylitol Dehydrogenase or XR XDH pathway. Xylose reductase XR and xylitol dehydrogenase XDH are the first two enzymes in this pathway. XR is reducing D xylose to xylitol ... in an overproduction of xylitol byproduct. The isomerase pathway In this pathway the enzyme xylose isomerase is responsible for the conversion of D xylose into D xylulose. D xylulose is then phosphorylated ... is an oxidative pathway where the D xylose is oxidized to D xylono lactone by a D xylose dehydrogenase ... of D xylose degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 60 1433 1439 ref starts as the Weimberg pathway ... applications It is desirable to ferment D xylose to ethanol however microorganisms that are naturally able to do that have disadvantages. One organism that can naturally ferment D xylose to ethanol ... D xylose to ethanol. In attempts to generate S.cerevisiae strains that are able to ferment D xylose ... A, Christensson C, Wahlbom CF, Hahn H gerdal B title Anaerobic xylose fermentation by recombinant Saccharomyces ... xylose isomerase was introduced. Studies on flux through the pentose phosphate pathway during D xylose ... Xylose Utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Improves the Ethanol Yield from Xylose ... D xylose metabolizing pathways revealed that the XI pathway was best able to metabolize D xylose ... production. ref Karhumaa et al. , Comparison of the xylose reductase xylitol dehydrogenase and the xylose isomerase pathways for xylose fermentation by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbial ... a yeast strain that efficiently produces ethanol. However, the effectiveness of D xylose metabolizing laboratory strains do not always reflect their metabolism abilities on raw xylose products in nature. Since D xylose is mostly isolated from agricultural residues such as wood stocks then the genetically ... more details
enzyme Name xylose isomerase EC number 5.3.1.5 CAS number 9023 82 9 IUBMB EC number 5 3 1 5 GO code 0009045 image 2glk.png width caption D Xylose isomerase tetramer from Streptomyces rubiginosus Protein Data Bank PDB PDBe 2glk ref cite pmid 16707576 ref . One monomer is coloured by secondray structure to highlight the TIM barrel architecture. In enzymology , a xylose isomerase EC number 5.3.1.5 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction D xylose math rightleftharpoons math D xylulose This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductase s interconverting aldose s and ketose s. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D xylose aldose ketose isomerase . Other names in common use include D xylose isomerase , D xylose ketoisomerase , and D xylose ketol isomerase . This enzyme participates in pentose and glucuronate interconversions and fructose and mannose metabolism. The enzyme is used industrially to convert glucose to fructose in the manufacture of high fructose corn syrup . It is sometimes referred to as glucose isomerase . Structural studies Xylose isomerase enzymes exhibit a TIM barrel fold with the active site in the centre of the barrel and a tetrameric quaternary structure ref http www.ebi.ac.uk pdbe srv PDBeXplore enzyme ?ec 5.3.1.5&tab assemblies ref . PDB structures are available in the links in the infobox to the right. References reflist 1 cite journal author HOCHSTER RM, WATSON RW date 1954 title Enzymatic isomerization of D xylose to D xylulose journal Arch. Biochem. Biophys. volume 48 pages 120&ndash 9 pmid 13125579 doi 10.1016 0003 9861 54 90313 6 issue 1 cite journal author Slein MW date 1955 title Xylose isomerase from Pasteurella pestis, strain A 1122 journal J. Am. Chem. Soc. volume 77 pages 1663&ndash 1667 doi 10.1021 ja01611a074 issue 6 cite journal author Yamanaka K date 1968 title Purification, crystallization and properties of the D xylose isomerase from Lactobacillus brevis journal ... more details
enzyme Name D xylose 1 dehydrogenase NADP EC number 1.1.1.179 CAS number 83534 37 6 IUBMB EC number 1 1 1 179 GO code 0047837 image width caption In enzymology , a D xylose 1 dehydrogenase NADP EC number 1.1.1.179 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction D xylose NADP sup sup math rightleftharpoons math D xylono 1,5 lactone NADPH H sup sup Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are D xylose and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP sup sup , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are D xylono 1,5 lactone , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH , and hydrogen ion H sup sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH OH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D xylose NADP 1 oxidoreductase . Other names in common use include D xylose nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate , dehydrogenase , D xylose NADP dehydrogenase , D xylose NADP oxidoreductase , and D xylose 1 dehydrogenase NADP . References reflist 1 cite journal author Wissler JH date 1977 title D Xylose NADP oxidoreductase of arterial vessels and eye lens a new enzyme and a final link in ATP independent cycling of reducing equivalents in aldose polyol ketose interconversion journal Hoppe Seyler s Z. Physiol. Chem. volume 358 pages 1300&ndash 1301 cite journal author Wissler JH date 1978 title Direct spectrophotometric and specific quantitative determination of free and bound D xylose by analytical application of a new enzyme, D xylose NADP oxidoreductase journal Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. volume 290 issue 2 pages 179&ndash 180 doi 10.1007 BF00482334 1.1.1 enzyme stub Category EC 1.1.1 Category NADPH dependent enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure it D xilosio 1 deidrogenasi NADP ja D 1 NADP ... more details
enzyme Name L xylose 1 dehydrogenase EC number 1.1.1.113 CAS number 37250 44 5 IUBMB EC number 1 1 1 113 GO code 0050037 image width caption In enzymology , a L xylose 1 dehydrogenase EC number 1.1.1.113 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction L xylose NADP sup sup math rightleftharpoons math L xylono 1,4 lactone NADPH H sup sup Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are L xylose and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP sup sup , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are L xylono 1,4 lactone , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH , and hydrogen ion H sup sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH OH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L xylose NADP 1 oxidoreductase . Other names in common use include L xylose dehydrogenase , and NADPH xylose reductase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Uehara K and Takeda M date Tokyo title L Xylose dehydrogenase in bakers yeast journal J. volume Biochem. pages 461&ndash 463 1.1.1 enzyme stub Category EC 1.1.1 Category NADPH dependent enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure it L xilosio 1 deidrogenasi ja L 1 ... more details
enzyme Name D xylose 1 dehydrogenase EC number 1.1.1.175 CAS number 62931 20 8 IUBMB EC number 1 1 1 175 GO code 0047838 image width caption In enzymology , a D xylose 1 dehydrogenase EC number 1.1.1.175 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction D xylose NAD sup sup math rightleftharpoons math D xylonolactone NADH H sup sup Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are D xylose and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD sup sup , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are D xylonolactone , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH , and hydrogen ion H sup sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH OH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D xylose NAD 1 oxidoreductase . Other names in common use include NAD D xylose dehydrogenase , D xylose dehydrogenase , and NAD linked D xylose dehydrogenase . This enzyme participates in pentose and glucuronate interconversions . References reflist 1 cite journal author Yamanaka K, Gino M and Kaneda R date 1977 title A specific NAD D xylose dehydrogenase from Arthrobacter sp journal Agric. Biol. Chem. volume 41 pages 1493&ndash 1499 1.1.1 enzyme stub Category EC 1.1.1 Category NADH dependent enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure it D xilosio 1 deidrogenasi ja D 1 ... more details
enzyme Name UTP xylose 1 phosphate uridylyltransferase EC number 2.7.7.11 CAS number 9026 20 4 IUBMB EC number 2 7 7 11 GO code 0047338 image width caption Orphan date February 2009 In enzymology , an UTP xylose 1 phosphate uridylyltransferase EC number 2.7.7.11 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UTP alpha D xylose 1 phosphate math rightleftharpoons math diphosphate UDP xylose Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are uridine triphosphate UTP and alpha D xylose 1 phosphate , whereas its two product chemistry products are diphosphate and UDP xylose . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing nucleotide groups nucleotidyltransferase s . The systematic name of this enzyme class is UTP alpha D xylose 1 phosphate uridylyltransferase . Other names in common use include xylose 1 phosphate uridylyltransferase , uridylyltransferase, xylose 1 phosphate , UDP xylose pyrophosphorylase , uridine diphosphoxylose pyrophosphorylase , and xylose 1 phosphate uridylyltransferase . This enzyme participates in nucleotide sugars metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Ginsburg V, Neufeld EF, Hassid WZ date 1956 title ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE XYLOSE AND URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE ARABINOSE journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 42 pages 333&ndash 5 pmid 16578456 doi 10.1073 pnas.42.6.333 issue 6 pmc 528284 enzyme stub Category EC 2.7.7 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name protein xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.26 CAS number 55576 38 0 IUBMB EC number 2 4 2 26 GO code 0030158 image width caption In enzymology , a protein xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.26 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction in which a beta D xylose xylosyl residue is transferred from UDP D xylose to the sidechain oxygen atom of a serine residue in a protein . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP D xylose protein beta D xylosyltransferase . Other names in common use include UDP D xylose core protein beta D xylosyltransferase , UDP D xylose core protein xylosyltransferase , UDP D xylose proteoglycan core protein beta D xylosyltransferase , UDP xylose core protein beta D xylosyltransferase , uridine diphosphoxylose core protein beta xylosyltransferase , and uridine diphosphoxylose protein xylosyltransferase . This enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate and glycan structures. References reflist 1 cite journal author Stoolmiller AC, Horwitz AL, Dorfman A date 1972 title Biosynthesis of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Purification and properties of xylosyltransferase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 247 pages 3525&ndash 32 pmid 5030630 issue 11 cite journal author Gotting C, Kuhn J, Zahn R, Brinkmann T, Kleesiek K date 2000 title Molecular cloning and expression of human UDP d Xylose proteoglycan core protein beta d xylosyltransferase and its first isoform XT II journal J. Mol. Biol. volume 304 pages 517&ndash 28 pmid 11099377 doi 10.1006 jmbi.2000.4261 issue 4 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
known natural ability of any yeast to directly ferment xylose , converting it to ethanol , a potentially economically valuable trait. Xylose, is a hemicellulosic sugar found in all angiosperm plants. As such xylose constitutes the second most abundant carbohydrate moiety in nature. Xylose ... of grain. Given the abundance of xylose and its potential for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic ... sequence of the lignocellulose bioconverting and xylose fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis trans title ... to produce 50 g l ethanol in 48 h from pure xylose in defined minimal medium using urea as a nitrogen ... of S. stipitis will produce 57 g l ethanol from pure xylose in under 48 h and adapted strains ... of S. stipitis to ferment xylose to ethanol, has inspired efforts to engineer this trait into the related ... not natively metabolize xylose. This limits the usefulness of S. cerevisiae in the production of fuels and chemicals from plant cell walls, which contain a large amount of xylose. In response, S. cerevisiae has been engineered to ferment xylose through the addition of the S. stiptis genes, XYL1 and XYL2 , coding for xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase, respectively. The concerted action of these enzymes converts xylose to xylulose, which is naturally fermented by S. cerevisae . Additional modifications are necessary for rapid fermentation of xylose, however. References reflist yeast ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 one source date May 2010 A xyloside is a type of glycoside derived from the sugar xylose . Proteoglycan PG synthesis is initiated by the transfer of D xylose from UDP xylose to a serine residue in core proteins. This natural primer acts as a template for the assembly of heparin sulfate , heparin , chondroitin sulfate , and dermatan sulfate side chains, depending on the tissue. However, in 1973 it was determined that synthetic B D xylosides can prime glycosaminoglycan GAG synthesis by substituting for the core xylosylated protein. Many Beta D xylosides have been studied for use as xylose primes with varying results Esko and Montgomery 1995 . 1 Priming requires the Beta anomer of xylose Galligani et al. 1975 . 2 Priming activity correlates with the activity of the aglycone cite . 3 The most active xyloside primers contain O or S in glycosidic linkage Sobue et al. 1987 . 4 Priming is dose dependent Esko et al. 1987, Lugemwa and Esko 1991 . 5 Beta D xylosides prime GAGs in most cells. 6 Most of the material created from Beta D xylosides priming is excreted into the growth media. 7 Beta D xylosides prime chondroitin sulfate or dermatan slfate whereas priming of heparin sulfate poorly, except with the appropriate aglycones Lugemwa and Esko, 1991 Fritz et al. , 1994 . Beta D xylosides consist of a xylose in beta linkage to an aglycone. The aglycone often consists of a hydrophobic compound which aids in carrying the sugar moiety to the Golgi apparatus golgi membrane where GAG synthesis takes place. List of xylosides 2 naphthol B D xyloside References reflist The influence of p nitrophenyl beta d xyloside on the synthesis of proteochondroitin sulfate by slices of embryonic chick cartilage.,Okayama M, Kimata K, Suzuki S.,J Biochem. 1973 Nov 74 5 1069 73. http jb.oxfordjournals.org cgi reprint 74 5 1069 Category Glycosides ... more details
enzyme Name UDP arabinose 4 epimerase EC number 5.1.3.5 CAS number 9024 18 4 IUBMB EC number 5 1 3 5 GO code 0050373 image width caption In enzymology , an UDP arabinose 4 epimerase EC number 5.1.3.5 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP L arabinose math rightleftharpoons math UDP D xylose Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , UDP L arabinose , and one product chemistry product , UDP D xylose . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those racemase s and epimerase s acting on carbohydrate s and derivatives. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP L arabinose 4 epimerase . Other names in common use include uridine diphosphoarabinose epimerase , UDP arabinose epimerase , uridine 5 diphosphate D xylose 4 epimerase , and UDP D xylose 4 epimerase . This enzyme participates in nucleotide sugars metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author FEINGOLD DS, NEUFELD EF, HASSID WZ date 1960 title The 4 epimerization and decarboxylation of uridine diphosphate D glucuronic acid by extracts from Phaseolus aureus seedlings journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 235 pages 910&ndash 3 pmid 13821949 isomerase stub Category EC 5.1.3 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name Xyloglucan 6 xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.39 CAS number 80238 01 3 IUBMB EC number 2 4 2 39 GO code image width caption In enzymology , a xyloglucan 6 xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.39 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction in which an alpha D xylose xylosyl residue is transferred from UDP D xylose to a glucose residue in xyloglucan , being attached by an alpha 1,6 D xylosyl D glucose bond. This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP D xylose xyloglucan 1,6 alpha D xylosyltransferase . Other names in common use include uridine diphosphoxylose xyloglucan 6alpha xylosyltransferase , and xyloglucan 6 alpha D xylosyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Hayashi T, Matsuda K date 1981 title Biosynthesis of xyloglucan in suspension cultured soybean cells Occurrence and some properties of xyloglucan 4 beta D glucosyltransferase and 6 alpha D xylosyltransferase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 256 pages 11117&ndash 22 pmid 6457048 issue 21 cite journal author Hayashi T and Matsuda K date 1981 title Biosynthesis of xyloglucan in suspension cultured soybean cells synthesis of xyloglucan from UDP glucose and UDP xylose in the cell free system journal Plant Cell Physiol. volume 22 pages 517&ndash 523 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2008 Image Xylose.png thumb Xylose Xylosyltransferase are transferase enzymes which act upon xylose and are classified under EC 2.4.2. More specifically, they can refer to Dolichyl phosphate D xylosyltransferase Dolichyl xylosyl phosphate protein xylosyltransferase Flavonol 3 O glycoside xylosyltransferase Glycoprotein 2 beta D xylosyltransferase Protein xylosyltransferase Xyloglucan 6 xylosyltransferase XYLT1 XYLT2 Zeatin O beta D xylosyltransferase Glycosyltransferases xylosyl transferase is the first enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycan chains, an important constituent of proteoglycans. There are two types of xylosyl transferases type I and type II. Category EC 2.4.2 Transferase stub ... more details
enzyme Name dolichyl phosphate D xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.32 CAS number IUBMB EC number 2 4 2 32 GO code 0047283 image width caption In enzymology , a dolichyl phosphate D xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.32 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP D xylose dolichyl phosphate math rightleftharpoons math UDP dolichyl D xylosyl phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are UDP D xylose and dolichyl phosphate , whereas its two product chemistry products are uridine diphosphate UDP and dolichyl D xylosyl phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP D xylose dolichyl phosphate D xylosyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Waechter CJ, Lucas JJ, Lennarz WJ date 1974 title Evidence for xylosyl lipids as intermediates in xylosyl transfers in hen oviduct membranes journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. volume 56 pages 343&ndash 50 pmid 4823870 doi 10.1016 0006 291X 74 90848 1 issue 2 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name zeatin O beta D xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.40 CAS number 110541 22 5 IUBMB EC number 2 4 2 40 GO code 0050404 image width caption In enzymology , a zeatin O beta D xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.40 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP D xylose zeatin math rightleftharpoons math UDP O beta D xylosylzeatin Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are UDP D xylose and zeatin , whereas its two product chemistry products are uridine diphosphate UDP and O beta D xylosylzeatin . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP D xylose zeatin O beta D xylosyltransferase . Other names in common use include uridine diphosphoxylose zeatin xylosyltransferase , and zeatin O xylosyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Turner JE, Mok DW, Mok MC, Shaw G date 1987 title Isolation and partial purification of an enzyme catalyzing the formation of O xylosylzeatin in Phaseolus vulgaris embryos journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 84 pages 3714&ndash 3717 pmid 16593839 doi 10.1073 pnas.84.11.3714 issue 11 pmc 304946 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE C sub 5 sub H sub 10 sub O sub 5 sub The molecular formula C sub 5 sub H sub 10 sub O sub 5 sub molar mass 150.13 g mol, exact mass 150.052823 may refer to Apiose Aldopentose s Arabinose Lyxose Ribose Xylose Ketopentose s Ribulose Xylulose MolFormDisambig fr C5H10O5 it C5H10O5 sr C5H10O5 ... more details
enzyme Name UDP glucuronate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.35 CAS number 9024 68 4 IUBMB EC number 4 1 1 35 GO code 0048040 image width caption In enzymology , an UDP glucuronate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.35 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP D glucuronate math rightleftharpoons math UDP D xylose CO sub 2 sub Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , UDP D glucuronate , and two product chemistry products , UDP D xylose and carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the carboxy lyases, which cleave carbon carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP D glucuronate carboxy lyase UDP D xylose forming . Other names in common use include uridine diphosphoglucuronate decarboxylase , and UDP D glucuronate carboxy lyase . This enzyme participates in starch and sucrose metabolism and nucleotide sugars metabolism . It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , NAD . Structural studies As of late 2007, two tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 2B69 and PDB link 2BLL . References reflist 1 cite journal author Ankel H and Feingold DS date 1965 title Biosynthesis of uridine diphosphate D xylose. 1. Uridine diphosphate glucuronate carboxy lyase of wheat germ journal Biochemistry volume 4 pages 2468&ndash 2475 doi 10.1021 bi00887a028 issue 11 4.1 enzyme stub Category EC 4.1.1 Category NADH dependent enzymes Category Enzymes of known structure ... more details
enzyme Name 1,4 beta D xylan synthase EC number 2.4.2.24 CAS number 37277 73 9 IUBMB EC number 2 4 2 24 GO code 0047517 image width caption In enzymology , a 1,4 beta D xylan synthase EC number 2.4.2.24 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP D xylose 1,4 beta D xylan n math rightleftharpoons math UDP 1,4 beta D xylan n sup sup 1 Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are UDP D xylose and 1,4 beta D xylan n , whereas its two product chemistry products are uridine diphosphate UDP and 1,4 beta D xylan n 1 . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP D xylose 1,4 beta D xylan 4 beta D xylosyltransferase . Other names in common use include uridine diphosphoxylose 1,4 beta xylan xylosyltransferase , 1,4 beta xylan synthase , xylan synthase , and xylan synthetase . This enzyme participates in starch and sucrose metabolism and nucleotide sugars metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Bailey RW and Hassid WZ date 1966 title Xylan synthesis from uridine diphosphate D xylose by particulate preparations from immature corncobs journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA volume 56 issue 5 pages 1586&ndash 1593 doi 10.1073 pnas.56.5.1586 pmc 220039 pmid 16591393 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name flavonol 3 O glycoside xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.35 CAS number 83380 90 9 IUBMB EC number 2 4 2 35 GO code 0047285 image width caption In enzymology , a flavonol 3 O glycoside xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.35 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP D xylose a flavonol 3 O glycoside math rightleftharpoons math UDP a flavonol 3 D xylosyl 1 2 beta D glycoside Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are UDP D xylose and flavonol 3 O glycoside , whereas its two product chemistry products are uridine diphosphate UDP and flavonol 3 D xylosyl 1 2 beta D glycoside . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP D xylose flavonol 3 O glycoside 2 O beta D xylosyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Wiermann R date 1982 title Formation of flavonol 3 O diglycosides and flavonol 3 O triglycosides by enzyme extracts from anthers of Tulipa cv apeldoorn characterization and activity of 3 different O glycosyltransferases during anther development journal Z. Natursforsch. C Biosci. volume 37 pages 587&ndash 599 cite journal author Ishikura N and Yang ZQ date 1991 title UDP D xylose flavonol 3 O xylosyltransferase from young leaves of Euonymus alatus f. ciliato dentatus journal Z. Naturforsch. C Biosci. volume 46 pages 1003&ndash 1010 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name xylosylprotein 4 beta galactosyltransferase EC number 2.4.1.133 CAS number 52227 72 2 IUBMB EC number 2 4 1 133 GO code 0046525 image width caption In enzymology , a xylosylprotein 4 beta galactosyltransferase EC number 2.4.1.133 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP galactose O beta D xylosylprotein math rightleftharpoons math UDP 4 beta D galactosyl O beta D xylosylprotein Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are UDP galactose and O beta D xylosylprotein , whereas its two product chemistry products are uridine diphosphate UDP and 4 beta D galactosyl O beta D xylosylprotein . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP galactose O beta D xylosylprotein 4 beta D galactosyltransferase . Other names in common use include UDP D galactose D xylose galactosyltransferase , UDP D galactose xylose galactosyltransferase , galactosyltransferase I , and uridine diphosphogalactose xylose galactosyltransferase . This enzyme participates in chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis and glycan structures biosynthesis 1 . It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , manganese . References reflist 1 cite journal author Schwartz NB, Roden L date 1975 title Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate. Solubilization of chondroitin sulfate glycosyltransferases and partial purification of uridine diphosphate D galactose D xylose galactosyltrans journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 250 pages 5200 7 pmid 1150655 issue 13 cite journal author Okajima T, Yoshida K, Kondo T, Furukawa K date 1999 title Human homolog of Caenorhabditis elegans sqv 3 gene is galactosyltransferase I involved in the biosynthesis of the glycosaminoglycan protein linkage region of proteoglycans journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 274 pages 22915 22918 pmid 10438455 doi 10.1074 jbc.274.33.22915 issue 33 Category EC 2.4.1 Category Manganese enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown struct ... more details
XLD may refer to Xylose lysine deoxycholate or XLD agar , a growth medium for bacterial cultures. X Lossless Decoder , a tool for Mac OS X that is able to decode, convert, and play various lossless audio files. The XLD connector , a keyed variant of the XLR connector. A series of Atari computers, including the 1450 XLD . A Microsoft Excel file format. dab it XLD ... more details
File Salmonella growing on XLD agar.JPG right thumb Salmonella growing on XLD agar Xylose lysine deoxycholate agar XLD agar is a wikt selective selective growth medium used in the isolation of Salmonella and Shigella species from clinical samples and from food. ref cite journal author Zajc Satler J, Gragas AZ title Xylose lysine deoxycholate agar for the isolation of Salmonella and Shigella from clinical specimens journal Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A volume 237 issue 2 3 pages 196 200 year 1977 pmid 848209 ref ref cite journal author Nye KJ, Fallon D, Frodsham D, et al. title An evaluation of the performance of XLD, DCA, MLCB, and ABC agars as direct plating media for the isolation of Salmonella enterica from faeces journal J. Clin. Pathol. volume 55 issue 4 pages 286 8 year 2002 month April pmid 11919214 pmc 1769632 url http jcp.bmj.com cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 11919214 doi 10.1136 jcp.55.4.286 ref It has a pH of approximately 7.4, leaving it with a bright pink or red appearance due to the indicator phenol red. Sugar Fermentation biochemistry fermentation lowers the pH and the phenol red indicator registers this by changing to yellow. Most gut bacteria, including Salmonella , can ferment the sugar xylose to produce acid Shigella colonies cannot do this and therefore remain red. After exhausting the xylose supply Salmonella colonies will decarboxylate lysine, increasing the pH once again to alkaline and mimicking the red Shigella colonies. Salmonellae metabolise thiosulfate to produce hydrogen sulfide , which leads to the formation of colonies with black centers and allows them to be differentiated from the similarly coloured Shigella colonies. Other Enterobacteria such as Escherichia coli E. coli will ferment the lactose and sucrose present in the medium to an extent that will prevent pH reversion by decarboxylation and acidify the medium turning it yellow. Salmonella ... 5g l Xylose 3.75g l Lactose 7.5g l Sucrose 7.5g l Sodium deoxycholate 1g l Sodium chloride 5g l Sodium ... more details
Arabinoxylan is a hemicellulose found in both the primary and secondary cell walls of plants, including woods and cereal grains ref McCartney L, et al. 2005 . Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. 53 543 546. ref , consisting of copolymers of two pentose sugar s arabinose and xylose . Structure Arabinoxylan molecule contains a chain of 1,4 linked xylose units. Many xylose units are substituted with 2, 3 or 2,3 linked arabinose residues. ref Dervilly Pinel G, et al. 2004 . Carbohydrate Polymers 55 171 177 ref Functions Arabinoxylans chiefly serve a structural role in the plant cells ref Wakabayashi K, et al 2005 . Physiologia Plantarum. 125 127 134 ref . They are also the reservoirs of large amounts of ferulic acid and other phenolic acids which are covalently linked to arabinoxylans. Phenolic acids may also be involved in defense including protection against fungal pathogens. Arabinoxylans are one of the main components of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber s which are shown to exert various health benefits ref Izydorczyk MS and Dexter JE 2008 . Food Research International. 41 850 868 ref . In addition, arabinoxylans, owing to their bound phenolic acids, are shown to have antioxidant activity. ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 16289622 Rao RSP and Muralikrishna G 2006 . Phytochemistry. 67 91 99 ref . They are also linked to have various functions and health benefits ref Guillon F and Champ M 2000 . Food Research International. 33 233 245 ref References reflist Category Polysaccharides nl arabinoxylaan ... more details
enzyme Name glycoprotein 2 beta D xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.38 CAS number 141256 56 6 IUBMB EC number 2 4 2 38 GO code 0050513 image width caption In enzymology , a glycoprotein 2 beta D xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.38 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP D xylose N sub 4 sub N acetyl beta D glucosaminyl 1 2 alpha D mannosyl 1 3 N acetyl beta D glucosaminyl 1 2 alpha D mannosyl 1 6 beta D mannosyl 1 4 N acetyl beta D glucosaminyl 1 4 N acetyl beta D glucosaminyl asparagine math rightleftharpoons math UDP N sub 4 sub N acetyl beta D glucosaminyl 1 2 alpha D mannosyl 1 3 N acetyl beta D glucosaminyl 1 2 alpha D mannosyl 1 6 beta D xylosyl 1 2 beta D mannosyl 1 4 N acetyl beta D glucosaminyl 1 4 N acetyl beta D glucosaminyl asparagine The 5 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are UDP D xylose , N4 N acetyl beta D glucosaminyl 1 2 alpha D mannosyl 1 3 N , acetyl beta D glucosaminyl 1 2 alpha D mannosyl 1 6 beta D , mannosyl 1 4 N acetyl beta D glucosaminyl 1 4 N acetyl beta D , and glucosaminyl asparagine , whereas its 5 product chemistry products are uridine diphosphate UDP , N4 N acetyl beta D glucosaminyl 1 2 alpha D mannosyl 1 3 N , acetyl beta D glucosaminyl 1 2 alpha D mannosyl 1 6 beta D , xylosyl 1 2 beta D mannosyl 1 4 N acetyl beta D glucosaminyl , and 1 4 N acetyl beta D glucosaminyl asparagine . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP D xylose glycoprotein D xylose to the 3,6 disubstituted mannose of N4 N acetyl beta D glucosaminyl 1 2 alpha D mannosyl 1 3 N a cetyl beta D glucosaminyl 1 2 alpha D mannosyl 1 6 beta D man nosyl 1 4 N acetyl beta D glucosaminyl 1 4 N acetyl beta D glu cosaminyl asparagine 2 beta D xylosyltransferase . Other names in common use include beta1,2 xylosyltransferase , UDP D xylose glycoprotein D xylose to the 3,6 disubstituted mannose , of , 4 N N acetyl beta D glucosaminy ... more details
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