- ZP3
has previously served as the basis for an additional ZP3 locus however, sequence and literature review reveals that there is only one full length ZP3 locus in the human genome. Another locus encoding a bipartite transcript designated POMZP3 contains a duplication of the last four exons of ZP3 ... Functional activity of human ZP3 primary sperm receptor resides toward its C terminus journal Biol. Reprod ... encompassing epitopes of human ZP3 and ZP4 immunogenicity and characterization of antibodies journal ... S, Jovine L title Crystal structure of the ZP N domain of ZP3 reveals the core fold of animal egg ..., Boja ES, Hoodbhoy T, et al. title Mass spectrometry analysis of recombinant human ZP3 expressed in glycosylation ... for secretion and integration of ZP3 into the extracellular egg coat of transgenic mice journal Mol ... linked oligosaccharides of mouse egg ZP3 account for its sperm receptor activity journal Cell volume ... 873 82 year 1980 pmid 7418009 doi 10.1016 0092 8674 80 90334 7 refend External links MeshName ZP3 ... more details
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- Zona pellucida
pellucida glycoproteins There are four major zona pellucida glycoproteins , termed ZP1 4. ZP1, ZP3 and ZP4 ... on the ability of sperm to penetrate extracellular matrix surrounding eggs. In the mouse ZP3 allows species specific sperm binding ZP2 mediates subsequent sperm binding ZP1 cross links ZP2 and ZP3 ... journal doi 10.1016 0014 5793 92 80853 9 title A large domain common to sperm receptors Zp2 and Zp3 ... of ZP3 reveals the core fold of animal egg coats year 2008 last1 Monn first1 Magnus last2 Han ... ZP3 year 2010 last1 Han first1 Ling last2 Monn first2 Magnus last3 Okumura first3 Hiroki last4 ... more details
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- Zona pellucida-like domain
Monn M, Han L, Schwend T, Burendahl S, Jovine L title Crystal structure of the ZP N domain of ZP3 reveals ... Insights into egg coat assembly and egg sperm interaction from the X ray structure of full length ZP3 ... ZP1 , ZP2 , ZP3 , ZP4 , ZPLD1 References Reflist Category Protein domains Category Protein families ... more details
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- Perivitelline space
Infobox Anatomy Name Perivitelline space Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Gray3.png Caption2 Human ovum . The zona pellucida is seen as a thick clear girdle surrounded by the cells of the Corona radiata embryology corona radiata . The perivitelline space is between the zona pellucida and the oocyte membrane. Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The perivitelline space is the space between the zona pellucida and the cell membrane of an oocyte or fertilized ovum . ref name Carlson cite book title Human Embryology and Developmental Biology author Bruce M. Carlson edition 3rd year 2004 publisher Elsevier Mosby location Philadelphia, PA pages 34 38 ref In the Polyspermy Slow block of polyspermy slow block to polyspermy , the cortical granules released from the ovum are deposited in the perivitelline space. Polysaccharide s released in the granules cause the space to swell, pushing the zona pellucida farther from the oocyte. ref name Carlson The Hydrolase hydrolytic enzymes released by the granules cause the zona reaction , which removes the ZP3 ligands from the zona pellucida. ref name Carlson Clinical importance Clinically the perivitelline space is relevant because it is where the polar body lodges after meiosis. References reflist External links BUHistology 14805loa female reproductive system DEFAULTSORT Perivitelline Space Category Female reproductive system Category Germ cells Category Cloning ... more details
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- Hyperactivation
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Hyperactivation is a type of Spermatozoon sperm motility . Hyperactivated sperm motility is characterised by a high amplitude, asymmetrical beating pattern of the sperm tail flagellum . This type of motility may aid in sperm penetration of the zona pellucida , which encloses the ovum . Hyperactivation could then be followed by the acrosome reaction where the cap like structure on the head of the cell releases the enzymes it contains. This facilitates the penetration of the ovum and fertilisation. Some definitions consider sperm activation to consist of these two processes of hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction Hyperactivation is a term also used to express an X chromosome gene dosage compensation mechanism and is seen in Drosophila. Here, a complex of proteins bind to the X linked genes to effectively double their genetic activity. This allows males XY to have equal genetic activity as females XX , whose X s are not hyperactivated. Mechanisms Mammalian sperm cells become more active when they approach an egg cell in a process called sperm activation . Sperm activation has been shown to be caused by calcium ionophores in vitro , progesterone released by nearby cumulus cells and binding to ZP3 of the zona pellucida. The initial change is called hyperactivation , which causes a change in spermatozoa motility. They swim faster and their tail movements become more forceful and erratic. A recent discovery links hyperactivation to a sudden influx of calcium ion into the tails. The whip like tail flagellum of the sperm is studded with ion channel s formed by proteins called CatSper . These channels are selective, allowing only calcium ion to pass. The opening of CatSper channels is responsible for the influx of calcium. The sudden rise in calcium levels causes the flagellum to form deeper bends, propelling the sperm more forcefully through the viscous environment. Sperm hyperactivity is necessary for breaking through two p ... more details
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- Cortical reaction
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin GraySubject 3 GrayPage 38 Image Caption Image2 Gray3.png Caption2 Human ovum . The zona pellucida is seen as a thick clear girdle surrounded by the cells of the Corona radiata embryology Corona radiata . System MeshName Zona Pellucida MeshNumber A05.360.490.690.950 The cortical reaction occurs in fertilisation when a spermatozoon sperm cell unites with the ovum egg s plasma membrane , zona reaction .This reaction leads to a modification of the zona pellucida that blocks polyspermy enzymes released by cortical granules digest sperm receptor proteins ZP2 and ZP3 so that they can no longer bind sperm, in mammals. The cortical reaction is exocytosis of the egg s cortical granules. Cortical granules are secretory vesicles that reside just below the egg s plasma membrane. When the fertilizing sperm contacts the egg plasma membrane, it causes calcium to be released from storage sites in the egg, raising the intracellular free calcium concentration. This triggers fusion of the cortical granule membranes with the egg plasma membrane, liberating the contents of the granules to the extracellular space. Fusion begins near the site of sperm contact, and then as the wave of calcium release sweeps around the egg, a wave of cortical granule fusion results. The contents of the granules vary with the species, and are not fully understood. In the well studied sea urchin model system, the granule contents modify a protein coat on the outside of the plasma membrane the vitelline layer so that it is released from the membrane. The released cortical granule proteins exert a colloid osmotic pressure causing water to enter the space between the plasma membrane and the vitelline layer, and the vitelline layer expands away from the egg surface. This is easily visible through a microscope and is known as elevation of the fertilisation envelope . Some of the former granule contents adhere to the fertilisation envelope, and it is extensively modified and cross ... more details
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- Acrosome reaction
into the egg. In the mouse it has been demonstarated that ZP3, one of the proteins that make up ..., since many sperm cells will spontaneously lose their acrosome when they die. See also ZP3 Cortical ... more details
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- Emily Martin (anthropologist)
molecules that fit into these pockets are called ligands. As shown in the diagrams, ZP3 on the egg ... receptors and molecules on the egg would be called ligands. But Wassarman chose to name ZP3 on the egg ... more details
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- Oocyte activation
reaction in sea urchins. The terminal sugars from ZP3 are cleaved to release the sperm and prevent new ... more details
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- Spermatozoon
released by nearby cumulus cells and binding to ZP3 of the zona pellucida . The cumulus cells ... the sperm to fuse with the egg. ZP3, one of the proteins that make up the zona pellucida, then binds ... more details
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- Human fertilization
. A special complementary molecule on the surface of the sperm head binds to a ZP3 glycoprotein ... more details
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- Protective sign
Protective signs are symbols to be used during an War armed conflict to mark persons and objects under the protection of various treaties of International Humanitarian Law IHL . While their essential meaning can be summarized as Don t shoot or Don t attack , the exact conditions implied vary depending on the respective sign and the circumstances of its use. The form, shape and color of these signs are defined by the rules of IHL. Usually, they are easy to draw in order to make even an improvised use as easy as possible, and they were chosen to be as concise, recognizable and visible as possible under all circumstances. Usage of protective signs is restricted to armed conflicts. They are to be used only by eligible organizations or groups to mark their personnel, vehicles, buildings and other objects. The misuse of protective signs is a violation of International Humanitarian Law and punishable under the national law of all countries who are state parties to the respective treaties. List of protective signs The following signs have a protective meaning under certain conditions the Red Cross ref name GC1 Defined in article 38 of the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field August 12, 1949 ref and the equivalent signs of the Red Crescent, ref name GC1 the Red Lion with Sun ref name GC1 and the Red Crystal ref name ZP3 Defined in article 2 of the Protocol additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem Protocol III , 8 December 2005 ref to be used to mark all persons and objects under the protection of the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their additional protocols of 1977 see emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement a blue triangle on orange ground as the international distinctive sign of civil defence ref name PA1 A66 Defined in article 66 of the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 Augus ... more details
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- ZP2
for secretion and integration of ZP3 into the extracellular egg coat of transgenic mice journal Mol ... more details
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- POM121
cite journal author Kipersztok S, Osawa GA, Liang LF, et al. title POM ZP3, a bipartite transcript derived from human ZP3 and a POM121 homologue journal Genomics volume 25 issue 2 pages 354 9 year 1995 ... more details
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- ZP4
and Integration of ZP3 into the Extracellular Egg Coat of Transgenic Mice journal Mol. Cell. Biol ... more details
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- Zamak
ZP3, ZA 3, ZN 003 ref name jinyi Zamak 4 ref Citation title zamak 4 Alloy 4 url http www.nyrstar.com ... ZL3 ZnAl4 ZP0400 ZP3 Zamak3 Zamak 3 Z400 ZincAlloyForHotChamberDieCasting.htm accessdate 2008 02 29 ... more details
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- Neutering
to Zona Pellucida ZP3 on the surface of her ovum, blocking sperm from fertilizing it for periods ... more details
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