wiktionary Anaerobic is a word which literally means without oxygen , as opposed to aerobic disambiguation aerobic . In wastewater treatment the absence of oxygen is indicated as Anoxia anoxic and anaerobic is used to indicate the absence of a common electron acceptor such as nitrate , sulfate or oxygen. Anaerobic may refer to Anaerobic adhesive , a bonding agent that does not cure in the presence of air Anaerobic clarigester , is a form of anaerobic digester Anaerobic contact process , is a type of anaerobic digester Anaerobic digestion , AD is the naturally occurring process of anaerobic decomposition harnessed and contained to manage waste and or release energy. Anaerobic environment, an aquatic environment with little available oxygen see Hypoxia environmental Anaerobic exercise , a form of exercise Anaerobic filter Anaerobic lagoon , used to dispose of animal waste, particularly that of cows and pigs Anaerobic organism , any organism whose redox metabolism does not depend on free oxygen Anaerobic respiration , oxidation of molecules in the absence of oxygen Anaerobic ammonium oxidation, anammox , the microbial process combining ammonium and nitrite. disambig es Anaer bico tr Anaerobik zh ... more details
The anaerobic clarigester is a form of anaerobic digester . It is regarded as being the ancestor of the UASB anaerobic digester. ref http www.uasb.org discover agsb.htm UASB Homepage ref A clarigester treats dilute biodegradable feedstocks and separates out solid and hydraulic liquid retention times. A diagram comparing the UASB, anaerobic clarigester and anaerobic contact process es can be found http www.fao.org docrep t0541e T0541E02.GIF here . See also Anaerobic digestion Anaerobic digester types Biogas Expanded granular sludge bed digestion UASB References references Category Anaerobic digester types Environmental technology waste stub civil engineering stub ... more details
In sewage treatment systems, an anaerobic filter AF is a form of anaerobic digester . The digestion tank contains a filter medium where Anaerobic organism anaerobic microbial populations organisms that live in the absence of oxygen can establish themselves. Such filters are commonly employed in the treatment of waste water . These reactors are gaining in popularity versus more established aerobic waste water treatment systems because they produce a less solid residue ref http www.usc.es biogrup Anaerobic 20filter...Water 20Research.37 20 4099 4108 .pdf AF Reactor Paper Francisco, O., Garrido, J. M., Arrojo, B. & Mendez, R. 2003 Anaerobic filter reactor performance for the treatment of complex diary waste water at industrial scale, Water Research 37, 4099 4108 ref than do other types of filter. See also Anaerobic digester types Anaerobic digestion References references Environmental technology Category Anaerobic digester types ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Merge to glycolysis date April 2011 Anaerobic glycolysis is the transformation of glucose to pyruvate when limited amounts of oxygen O sub 2 sub are available. Anaerobic glycolysis is only an effective means of energy production during short, intense exercise, providing energy for a period ranging from 10 seconds to 2 minutes. The anaerobic glycolysis lactic acid system is dominant from about 10 30 seconds during a maximal effort. It replenishes very quickly over this period and produces 2 Adenosine triphosphate ATP molecules per glucose molecule, or about 5 of glucose s energy potential 38 ATP molecules . The speed at which ATP is produced is about 100 times that of oxidative phosphorylation . The pH in the cytoplasm quickly drops when hydrogen ions accumulate in the muscle, eventually inhibiting enzymes involved in glycolosis. The burning sensation in muscles during hard exercise can be attributed to the production of hydrogen ions during a shift to anaerobic glycolysis as oxygen is converted to carbon dioxide by aerobic glycolysis faster than the body can replenish it. These hydrogen ions form a part of lactic acid along with lactate. The body falls back on this less efficient but faster method of producing ATP under low oxygen conditions. This is thought to have been the primary means of energy production in earlier organisms before oxygen was at high concentration in the atmosphere and thus would represent a more ancient form of energy production in cells. The liver later gets rid of this excess lactate by transforming it back into an important glycolytic intermediate called pyruvate . Aerobic glycolysis is a method employed by muscle cells for the production of lower intensity energy over a longer period of time. The process of converting ... anaerobic microorganisms carry out Anaerobic Glycolysis through Fermentation biochemistry Fermentation . DEFAULTSORT Anaerobic Glycolysis Category Chemical reactions Reaction stub pt Glic lise anaer bica ... more details
Image Exercise zones.png thumb 300px Fox and Haskell formula Anaerobic exercise is exercise intense enough to trigger Lactic acid fermentation anaerobic metabolism . It is used by athletes in non endurance ... systems trained using anaerobic exercise develop differently compared to aerobic exercise , leading ... up to about 2 minutes. ref name ASMI anaerobic http www.asmi.org sportsmed Performance anaerobic.html Anaerobic training Bot generated title ref ref name jap.physiology.org cite journal last Medbo first JI coauthors Mohn, Tabata, Bahr, Vaage, Sejersted title Anaerobic capacity determined by maximal ... needed date May 2011 Anaerobic metabolism Anaerobic metabolism , or anaerobic energy expenditure, is a natural ... B title Contribution of anaerobic energy expenditure to whole body thermogenesis journal Nutrition ... twitch muscle operates using anaerobic metabolic systems, such that any recruitment of fast twitch muscle fibers leads to increased anaerobic energy expenditure. Intense exercise lasting upwards of about four minutes e.g., a mile race may still have a considerable anaerobic energy expenditure component. Anaerobic energy expenditure is difficult to accurately quantify, although several reasonable methods to estimate the anaerobic component to exercise are available. ref name jap.physiology.org ... of anaerobic muscle metabolism journal Respiration Physiology date Dec. 1 year 1999 volume 118 issue ... bursts of exercise however, the anaerobic system enables muscles to recover for the next burst. Therefore ... types of anaerobic energy systems 1 the high energy phosphates, ATP adenosine triphosphate and CP creatine phosphate and, 2 anaerobic glycolysis . The high energy phosphates are stored in very limited quantities within muscle cells. Anaerobic glycolysis exclusively uses glucose and glycogen as a fuel ... and anaerobic glycolytic metabolic systems begin to predominate. The by product of anaerobic glycolysis ... are a natural consequence of any physical exertion. The effectiveness of anaerobic activity can be improved ... more details
Image Anaerobic.png 300px thumb right Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can be identified by growing them in liquid culture br 1 Obligate aerobic oxygen needing bacteria gather at the top of the test tube in order to absorb maximal amount of oxygen. br 2 Obligate anaerobic bacteria gather at the bottom to avoid oxygen. br 3 Facultative bacteria gather mostly at the top, since aerobic respiration is the most beneficial one but, as lack of oxygen does not hurt them, they can be found all along the test tube. br 4 Microaerophiles gather at the upper part of the test tube but not at the top. They require oxygen but at a low concentration. br 5 Aerotolerant bacteria are not affected at all by oxygen, and they are evenly spread along the test tube. An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does ... of it facultative anaerobic organism facultative anaerobe s, which can grow without oxygen but can ... or anaerobic respiration . br Aerotolerant organisms are strictly fermentative. br In the presence ... some use anaerobic respiration. Fermentation There are many anaerobic fermentative reactions. Fermentative anaerobic organisms mostly use the lactic acid fermentation pathway glucose C sub 6 sub ... per mol, which is conserved in regenerating two ATP from ADP per glucose. Anaerobic bacteria and archaea ... , acetogenesis , or methanogenesis . Some anaerobic bacteria produce toxin s e.g., tetanus ... by microbiologists when culturing anaerobic organisms, for example, handling the bacteria in a glovebox ... System is an isolated container that achieves an anaerobic environment by the reaction of water ... supplies a medium mimicking that of a Dicot, thus providing not only an anaerobic environment ... Anaerobic infection Anaerobic digestion Biogas Digester Facultative anaerobic organism Hypoxia ... DEFAULTSORT Anaerobic Organism Category Biodegradation Category Biodegradable waste management ... Anaerobic organism fi Anaerobinen eli sv Anaerob th uk zh ... more details
Image Haase Lubeck MBT.JPG right thumbnail Anaerobic digestion and regenerative thermal oxidiser component ... Sustainable energy Anaerobic digestion is a series of processes in which microorganisms break down ... www.nnfcc.co.uk publications nnfcc renewable fuels and energy factsheet anaerobic digestion NNFCC Renewable Fuels and Energy Factsheet Anaerobic Digestion , Retrieved on 2011 11 22 ref It is used ... Anaerobic 20Digestion .pdf Anaerobic digestion reference sheet , waste.nl. Retrieved 25.10.07. ref The methanogenic archaea populations play an indispensable role in anaerobic wastewater treatments ... Ali Hassan. 2010. Importance of the methanogenic archaea populations in anaerobic wastewater ... w.php Hydrolysis, Sewage Sludge and Anaerobic Digestion Retrieved 22.02.2010. ref As part of an integrated waste management system, anaerobic digestion reduces the emission of landfill gas into the atmosphere. Anaerobic digesters can also be fed with purpose grown energy crops, such as maize ... energy.com, accessed 08.11.11 ref Anaerobic digestion is widely used as a source of renewable energy ... as fertilizer . The technical expertise required to maintain industrial scale anaerobic digesters ... in its deployment as a waste treatment technology. Citation needed date February 2012 Anaerobic digestion ... capital costs , anaerobic digestion has in recent years received increased attention among governments ... files anaerobic digestion strat action plan.pdf Anaerobic Digestion Strategy and Action Plan ... p49 Fergusen, T. & Mah, R. 2006 Methanogenic bacteria in Anaerobic digestion of biomass, p49 ref In 1808 ... of anaerobic digestion , web.pdx.edu. Retrieved 17.08.07. ref ref name Anaerobic digestion http www.waste.nl content download 472 3779 file WB89 InfoSheet Anaerobic 20Digestion .pdf Anaerobic digestion , waste.nl. Retrieved 19.08.07. ref The first anaerobic digester was built by a leper colony in Bombay .... Citation needed date February 2010 Through scientific research, anaerobic digestion gained ... more details
Hydrogen corrosion is a form of metal corrosion occurring in the presence of anoxic water. Hydrogen corrosion involves a redox reaction that reduces hydrogen ions, forming molecular hydrogen. Metals enter aqueous solution and are oxidized. Oxidation reaction pH independent math Fe rightarrow Fe 2 2 ,e math Reduction reaction in acid solution math 2 ,H 2 ,e rightarrow H 2 math In an acidic solution, the water molecules are protonated and the hydronium ions H sub 3 sub O sup sup are directly reduced into H sub 2 sub . Reduction reaction in neutral or slightly alkaline solution math 2 ,H 2O 2 ,e rightarrow H 2 2 ,OH math In a neutral or slightly alkaline solution, the protons of water are reduced into molecular hydrogen giving rise to the production of hydroxide ions responsible of the precipitation of the slightly soluble ferrous hydroxide Fe OH sub 2 sub . This finally leads to the global reaction of the anaerobic corrosion of iron in water math Fe 2 ,H 2 O rightarrow Fe OH 2 H 2 math Transformation of ferrous hydroxide into magnetite Under anaerobic conditions, the ferrous hydroxide Fe OH sub 2 sub can be oxidized by the proton s of water to form magnetite and molecular hydrogen . This process is described by the Schikorr reaction 3 Fe OH sub 2 sub Fe sub 3 sub O sub 4 sub H sub 2 sub 2 H sub 2 sub O ferrous hydroxide magnetite hydrogen water The well crystallized magnetite Fe sub 3 sub O sub 4 sub is thermodynamically more stable than the ferrous hydroxide Fe OH sub 2 sub . This process also occurs during the wikt anaerobic anaerobic corrosion of iron and steel in oxygen free groundwater and in reducing soil s below the water table . See also Hydrogen Redox reaction Electrochemistry DEFAULTSORT Anaerobic Corrosion Category Corrosion Category Hydrogen production ... more details
Anaerobic infections are caused by anaerobic bacteria . Anaerobic bacteria do not grow on solid media in room air 10 carbon dioxide and 18 oxygen facultative anaerobic bacteria can grow in the presence ..., but grow better under 10 carbon dioxide or anaerobically. Anaerobic bacteria can be divided into strict anaerobes that can not grow in the presence of more than 0.5 oxygen and moderate anaerobic ... EJ, Citron DM, Wexler HM, Finegold SM. Wadsworth KTL anaerobic bacteriology manual. 6th ed. Belmont, CA Star Publishing, 2002. ref Anaerobic bacteria usually do not possess catalase, but some can generate ... frequency are ref Brook, I. Anaerobic Infections Diagnosis and Management . A Textbook. Informa ... negative cocci mainly Veillonella spp. . The frequency of isolation of anaerobic bacterial strains varies in different infectious sites. ref Nagy E. Anaerobic infections update on treatment considerations. Drugs. 2010 70 841 58 ref Mixed infections caused by numerous aerobic and anaerobic bacteria are often observed in clinical situations. Anaerobic bacteria are a common cause of infections, some .... ref Hentges DJ. The anaerobic micro ora of the human body . Clin Infect Dis 1993 164 S175 80. ref ... lead to failures in eradication of these infections. The isolation of anaerobic bacteria requires adequate methods for collection, transportation and cultivation of clinical specimens. ref Brook, I. Anaerobic .... ref The management of anaerobic infection is often difficult because of the slow growth of anaerobic ... and by the increasing antimicrobial resistance of anaerobic bacteria to antimicrobials. ref Jousimies Somer HR, Summanen P, Baron EJ, Citron DM, Wexler HM, Finegold SM. Wadsworth KTL anaerobic ... have been isolated in infections at all body locations. ref Nagy E. Anaerobic infections update on treatment ... of brain abscess with isolation of anaerobic bacteria. Scand J Infect Dis. 2003 35 318 211. ref ... of another location or endocarditis can also cause intracranial infection. Meningitis due to anaerobic ... more details
Multiple issues cleanup August 2010 unreferenced July 2011 Anaerobic respiration is a form of Cellular respiration respiration using electron acceptors other than oxygen. Although oxygen is not used as the final electron acceptor, the process still uses a respiratory electron transport chain it is Cellular respiration respiration without oxygen. In order for the electron transport chain to function, an exogenous final electron acceptor must be present to allow electrons to pass through the system. In aerobic organisms, this final electron acceptor is oxygen. Molecular oxygen is a highly oxidizing agent and, therefore, is an excellent acceptor. In anaerobes, other less oxidizing substances such as sulfate SO sub 4 sub sup 2 sup , nitrate NO sub 3 sub sup sup , or sulfur S are used. These terminal electron acceptor s have smaller reduction potential s than O sub 2 sub , meaning that less energy is released per oxidized molecule. Anaerobic respiration is, therefore, in general energetically less efficient than aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration is used mainly by prokaryotes that live in environments devoid of oxygen. Many anaerobic organisms are obligate anaerobe s, meaning that they can respire only using anaerobic compounds and will die in the presence of oxygen. Anaerobic respiration as compared to fermentation Cellular respiration both aerobic respiration aerobic and anaerobic ... or another species in anaerobic respiration . The membrane in question is the inner mitochondrial ... importance Anaerobic respiration plays a major role in the global nitrogen cycle nitrogen , sulfur ... methane gas by anaerobic digestion . Biogenic methane is used as a sustainable alternative to fossil ... of methane into the atmosphere, where it acts as a powerful greenhouse gas . Specific types of anaerobic ... Biology Study Guide Anaerobic Respiration url http www.sparknotes.com biology cellrespiration glycolysis section3.rhtml refend metabolism MetabolismMap DEFAULTSORT Anaerobic Respiration Category Anaerobic ... more details
Anaerobic Lagoon or Manure Lagoon is a man made outdoor earthen basin filled with animal waste that undergoes anaerobic respiration as part of a system designed to manage and treat refuse created by Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations CAFOs . Anaerobic lagoons are created from a manure slurry, which ... layer. The manure then undergoes the process of anaerobic respiration, whereby the volatile organic compounds are converted into carbon dioxide and methane . Anaerobic lagoons have been shown to harbor ... the construction of new anaerobic lagoons in 1999. There has also been a significant push for the research ... name Pfost cite web last Pfost first Donald title Anaerobic Lagoons for Storage Treatment of Livestock ... can be drained from underfloor gutters and piped to storage tanks or anaerobic lagoons. ref name ... fields. ref name Pfost There are three main types of lagoon anaerobic, which is inhibited ... livestock lagoons are anaerobic lagoons. ref name Pfost Design Description Image Anaerobic Lagoon at Cal Poly.jpg thumb right A photo of the anaerobic treatment lagoon at the California Polytechnic State University Cal Poly Dairy taken in 2003. Anaerobic lagoons are earthen basins with a usual depth ... 2 November 2011 ref Anaerobic lagoons are not heated, aerated or mixed. Anaerobic lagoons are most effective in warmer temperatures anaerobic bacteria are ineffective below 15 C. ref name Bowman cite ... Design and Management of Anaerobic Lagoons in Iowa for Animal Manure Storage and Treatment url ... of the lagoon so that it can mix with the active microbial mass in the sludge layer. These anaerobic ... is not applied, a crust will form that will trap heat and odors. ref name Bowman Anaerobic lagoons ... to trap methane, which is used for energy. ref name Bowman Anaerobic Lagoons work through a process called anaerobic digestion . ref name Tishmack Decomposition of the organic matter begins shortly after the animals void. Lagoons become anaerobic due to the high biological oxygen demand BOD of the feces ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The following is a partial list of types of anaerobic digesters . These processes and systems harness anaerobic digestion for purposes such as sewage treatment and biogas generation. Examples include Anaerobic activated sludge process Anaerobic clarigester Anaerobic contact process Anaerobic expanded bed reactor Anaerobic filter Anaerobic fluidised bed Anaerobic lagoon Anaerobic migrating blanket reactor Batch system anaerobic digester Continuous stirred tank reactor CSTR Expanded granular sludge bed digestion EGSB Hybrid reactor Imhoff tank Internal circulation reactor IC One stage anaerobic digester Plug flow anaerobic digester Submerged media anaerobic reactor Sintex Digester Two stage anaerobic digester Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion UASB Upflow and down flow anaerobic attached growth Environmental technology DEFAULTSORT Anaerobic Digester Types Category Anaerobic digester types Waste stub fr Biodigesteur pt Biodigestor anaer bico zh ... more details
The anaerobic contact process is a type of anaerobic digester . Here a set of reactors are created in series, often with recycling. This recycled material is pumped up into the bottom of the first reactor, an upflow reactor. The upflow anaerobic process is a large reactor which allows the waste to flow up from the bottom and separates the waste into 3 zones. At the very top is the biogas zone where the gas is collected. Bacteria digest waste in the lowest portion of the upflow reactor the bioreactor zone. In between these two stages is the clarifier zone where the which exports the stabilised waste ref http www.rpi.edu dept chem eng Biotech Environ Environmental Sludge digest.html anaerobic digesters ref ref Owen, William F. 1982 Energy in Wastewater Treatment. New Jersey Prentice Hall, Inc. ref . A diagram of an anaerobic contact process can be found http www.fao.org docrep t0541e T0541E02.GIF here . See also Anaerobic digester types References references Environmental technology DEFAULTSORT Anaerobic Contact Process Category Anaerobic digester types waste stub ... more details
class wikitable style float right margin left 10px Anaerobic & aerobic system comparison style background color cfb Anaerobic digestion style background color cfb Composting Digestate Compost Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide Methane Heat Hydrogen sulfide trace levels The following article is a comparison of aerobic and anaerobic digestion . In both Aerobic organism aerobic and anaerobic systems the growing ... name Aerobic and anaerobic respiration http www.sp.uconn.edu terry Common respiration.swf Aerobic and anaerobic respiration , www.sp.uconn.edu, retrieved 24.10.07 ref In an anaerobic system there is an absence of gaseous oxygen. In an anaerobic digester, gaseous oxygen is prevented from entering the system ... source in an anaerobic system is derived from the organic material itself, then the intermediate ... Control Number LCCN 67019834 ref ref http www.anaerobic digestion.com html the anaerobic digestion proces.php What is the anaerobic digestion process? , www.anaerobic digestion.com, retrieved 17.08.07 ref In an anaerobic system the majority of the chemical energy contained within the starting material ..., R. 2006 Methanogenic bacteria in Anaerobic digestion of biomass, p49 ref In an aerobic system ... , phosphate and sulfate . ref name Aerobic and anaerobic respiration In an aerobic system the majority ... that are able to break down lignin and cellulose s to a greater extent than anaerobic bacteria ... , www.css.cornell.edu, retrieved 2.11.07 ref Due to this fact it is possible, following anaerobic digestion, to compost the anaerobic digestate allowing further volume reduction and stabilisation. ref http www.foe.co.uk resource briefings anaerobic digestion.pdf Anaerobic digestion briefing , www.foe.co.uk, retrieved 2.11.07 ref When considering an overall system, energy and carbon balance anaerobic ... html introduction to anaerobic dige.html A comparison of anaeorbic digestion and composting , www.anaerobic digestion.com, retrieved 05.11.07 ref References references Category Anaerobic digestion ... more details
Infobox Organization name Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Association image ADBA Logo.jpg size caption abbreviation ADBA motto formation 2009 extinction status purpose Promotion of Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas in the United Kingdom location The Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Association, Room 318, Canterbury Court, Kennington Park, 1 3 Brixton Road, London, SW9 6DE region served UK membership leader title Chairman leader name Rupert Mitford, 6th Baron Redesdale Rupert, Lord Redesdale main organ parent organization affiliations budget website http www.adbiogas.co.uk ADBA Homepage remarks The Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Association ADBA is a United Kingdom based trade association for the anaerobic digestion and biogas industries. ADBA was founded in September 2009 by its chairman Rupert Mitford, 6th Baron Redesdale Lord Redesdale and 10 founder member companies to represent businesses involved in the anaerobic digestion and biogas industries. Its objective is to help remove the barriers to anaerobic digestion that are faced and to support its members to grow their businesses. Its principal aim is to enable and facilitate the development of a mature anaerobic digestion industry in the UK within 10 years. Recognising there was no industry group that exclusively represented the emerging anaerobic digestion industry in the UK previously the Renewable Energy Association ref http www.r ... out groups related to anaerobic digestion ADBA was formed by a number of UK based companies which specialise in anaerobic digestion technologies ref http www.adbiogas.co.uk ta content.asp?id 14 ADBA ... do ecco view item?listid 1&listcatid 32&listitemid 3551 FiT rates fail to support anaerobic digestion ... 21.03.2011 ref References Format footnotes Reflist External links http www.adbiogas.co.uk Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Association Website DEFAULTSORT Anaerobic Digestion And Biogas Association Category Anaerobic digestion Category Professional associations ... more details
File Anaerobic.png thumb Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can be identified by growing them in liquid culture br 1. Obligate aerobe BR 2. Obligate anaerobe BR 3. Facultative anaerobic organism continuum with facultative aerobic organism BR 4. Microaerophile BR 5. Aerotolerant A facultative anaerobic organism is an organism , usually a bacterium , that makes Adenosine triphosphate ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but is also capable of switching to Fermentation biochemistry fermentation . In contrast, obligate anaerobe s die in the presence of oxygen. Some examples of facultative anaerobic bacteria are Staphylococcus Gram positive , Escherichia coli and Shewanella oneidensis Gram negative , and Listeria Gram positive . Certain eukaryote phyla are also facultative anaerobes, including fungi such as yeasts and many aquatic invertebrates such as Nereid worm polychaete s, for example. ref Cite journal last Sch ttler first U. title On the Anaerobic Metabolism of Three Species of Nereis Annelida journal Marine Ecology Progress Series volume 1 pages 249 54 date November 30, 1979 url http www.int res.com articles meps 1 m001p249.pdf issn 1616 1599 accessdate February 14, 2010 ref There are also circulating white blood cell s that are classified as facultative anaerobes. These include neutrophil s, monocyte s and tissue macrophage s. The concentrations of oxygen and fermentable ... fast consumption of ATP preferentially use anaerobic glycolysis. See also Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration Anaerobic organism Obligate anaerobe References reflist External links http trishul.sci.gu.edu.au courses ss12bmi micro groups fac anaerobes.html Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria http trishul.sci.gu.edu.au courses ss12bmi micro groups obl anaerobes.html Obligate Anaerobic Bacteria http aggie horticulture.tamu.edu extension compost chapter1.html Anaerobic Bacteria and Anaerobic Bacteria in the decomposition stabilization of organic matter. Bacteria Category Anaerobic digestion Category ... more details
Anaerobic oxidation of methane AOM is a microbial process occurring mainly in anoxic marine sediments . During AOM methane is oxidized with sulfate as the terminal electron acceptor CH sub 4 sub SO sub 4 sub sup 2 sup HCO sub 3 sub sup sup HS sup sup H sub 2 sub O According to current knowledge, AOM is mediated by a syntrophic consortium http www.thefreedictionary.com syntrophy of methanotrophic archaea and sulfate reducing bacteria . They often form small aggregates or sometimes voluminous mats. The archaeal partner is abbreviated ANME, which stands for anaerobic methanotroph . ANME s are very closely related to methanogenic archaea and recent investigations suggest that AOM is an enzymatic reversal of methanogenesis . It is still poorly understood how the syntrophic partners interact and which intermediates are exchanged between the archaeal and bacterial cell. The research on AOM is hindered by the fact that the responsible organisms have not been isolated. This is because these organisms show very slow growth rates with a minimum doubling time of a few months. Countless isolation efforts have not been able to isolate one of the anaerobic methanotrophs, a possible explanation can be that the ANME archaea and the SRB have an obligate syntrophic interaction and can therefore not be isolated individually. In benthic marine areas with strong methane releases from fossil reservoirs e.g. at cold seeps , mud volcano es or gas hydrate deposits AOM can be so high that chemosynthetic ... 440 issue 7086 pages 878 879 title A microbial consortium couples anaerobic methane oxidation to denitrification ... reduction. In the literature two different abbreviations of anaerobic oxidation of methane can be found AOM anaerobic oxidation of methane and AMO anaerobic methane oxidation . AMO was considered to be grammatically incorrect, because it implies that anaerobic methane is oxidized Clarify me pre text ... http www.amethox.com Anaerobic Methane Oxidation Category Methane es Oxidaci n anaerobia de metano ru ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Bacterial anaerobic corrosion is a bacterially induced oxidation of metal s. Image Bacterial Anaerobic Corrosion dumb version .jpg thumb Diagram of bacterially induced corrosion. In a humid environment and anoxic conditions the corrosion of metals occurs as a result of a redox reaction that generates molecular hydrogen from hydrogen ions, requiring bacteria, unlike anaerobic corrosion that occurs spontaneously. A base metal , such as iron Fe goes into aqueous solution as positively charged cation, Fe sup 2 sup . As the metal is oxidized under anaerobic condition by the protons of water, H sup sup ions are reduced to form molecular H sub 2 sub . This can be written in the following ways under acidic and neutral conditions respectively Fe 2 H sup sup &rarr Fe sup 2 sup H sub 2 sub Fe 2 H sub 2 sub O &rarr Fe OH sub 2 sub H sub 2 sub Usually, a thin film of molecular hydrogen forms on the metal. Sulfate reducing bacteria, oxidize the molecular hydrogen to produce hydrogen sulfide ions HS sup sup and water 4 H sub 2 sub SO sub 4 sub sup 2 sup &rarr HS sup sup 3 H sub 2 sub O OH sup sup The iron ions partly precipitate to from iron II sulfide . A reaction with water also occurs, producing iron hydroxide . Fe sup 2 sup HS sup sup &rarr FeS H sup sup br 3 Fe sup 2 sup 6 H sub 2 sub O &rarr 3 Fe OH sub 2 sub 6 H sup sup The net equation comes to 4 Fe SO sub 4 sub sup 2 sup H sup sup 3 H sub 2 sub O &rarr FeS 3 Fe OH sub 2 sub OH sup sup This form of corrosion by sulfate reducing bacteria can, in this way, be far more harmful than anaerobic corrosion . See also Corrosion Category Corrosion Category Bacteria de Bakterielle anaerobe Korrosion ... more details
McIntosh and Filde s anaerobic jar is an instrument used in the production of an anaerobic environment. This method of anaerorbiosis as others is used to culture bacteria which die or fail to grow in presence of oxygen anaerobes . ref Textbook of Microbiology by Prof. C P Baveja, ISBN 81 7855 266 3 ref ref Textbook of Microbiology by Ananthanarayan and Panikar, ISBN 81 250 2808 0 ref Construction The jar, about 20&Prime 12.5&Prime is made up of a metal. Its parts are as follows The body made up of metal airtight The lid, also metal can be placed in an airtight fashion A screw going through a curved metal strip to secure and hold the lid in place A thermometer to measuring the internal temperature A pressure gauge to measuring the internal pressure or a side tube is attached to a manometer Another side tube for evacuation and introduction of gases to a gas cylinder or a vacuum pump A wire cage hanging from the lid to hold a catalyst that makes hydrogen react to oxygen without the need of any Combustion ignition source Method of use First The culture The culture media are placed in side the jar, stacked up one on the other, and Indicator system Pseudomonas aeruginosa , inoculated on to a nutrient agar plate is kept inside the jar along with the other plates. This bacteria need oxygen to grow Aerobic organism aerobic . A growth free culture plate at the end of the process indicates a successful anaerobiosis. However, P. aeruginosa possesses a denitrification pathway. If nitrate is present in the media, P. aeruginosa may still grow under anaerobic conditions. Second sup 6 sup sub 7 sub sup ths sup of the air inside is pumped out and replaced with either unmixed Hydrogen or as a 10 CO sub 2 sub 90 H sub 2 sub mixture. The catalyst Palladium acts and the oxygen is used up in forming water with the hydrogen. The manometer registers this as a fall in the internal pressure of the jar. Third Hydrogen is pumped in to fill up the jar so that the pressure inside equals atmospheric ... more details
discover granules.htm granules What are sludge granules? UASB Homepage ref A picture of anaerobic ... of power generated. See also Portal Sustainable development Anaerobic digestion Anaerobic digester types Anaerobic clarigester Relative cost of electricity generated by different sources Ecological sanitation Environmental technology Anaerobic filter Expanded granular sludge bed digestion Hybrid reactor combination of UASB and an anaerobic filter AF Fluidized bed reactor Mechanical biological ... title Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor a review journal Indian J Environ Health volume 43 issue ... G title Challenge of psychrophilic anaerobic wastewater treatment journal Trends Biotechnol. volume ... G title Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment systems journal Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek volume ... refend References reflist Category Anaerobic digester types es UASB it UASB zh ... more details
Infobox protein family Symbol DcuA DcuB Name Anaerobic c4 dicarboxylate membrane transporter image width caption Pfam PF03605 Pfam clan CL0182 InterPro IPR004668 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP TCDB 2.A.13 OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD Infobox protein family Symbol DcuC Name C4 dicarboxylate anaerobic carrier image width caption Pfam PF03606 Pfam clan CL0182 InterPro IPR018385 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP TCDB 9.B.50 OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD In molecular biology, the anaerobic C4 dicarboxylate membrane transporter protein family or C4 dicarboxylate Uptake Dcu family is a family of proteins which includes the DcuA, DcuB and DcuC proteins. Many members of this family are predicted to have 12 GES predicted transmembrane regions, however the one member of this family whose Cell membrane membrane ... JR, Andrews SC title Topological analysis of DcuA, an anaerobic C4 dicarboxylate transporter of Escherichia ... coli mutants defective in two genes encoding homologous membrane proteins with putative roles in anaerobic ... N, Imre A, Rychlik I, Barrow PA, Nagy B title Genes responsible for anaerobic fumarate and arginine ... functions may be to catalyse aspartate fumarate and fumarate malate exchange during the wikt anaerobicanaerobic utilization of aspartate and fumarate , respectively. ref name pmid7961398 cite journal author Six S, Andrews SC, Unden G, Guest JR title Escherichia coli possesses two homologous anaerobic ... homologous anaerobic C4 dicarboxylate transporters in Escherichia coli journal J. Bacteriol. volume .... ref name pmid1512189 cite journal author Engel P, Kramer R, Unden G title Anaerobic fumarate ... expression expressed constitutively in aerobic and anaerobic growth and can substitute for DcuB ... of gene expression induced only under anaerobic conditions, and is not repressed by glucose . DcuC may therefore function as a succinate efflux system during anaerobic glucose fermentation. However ... DcuC for anaerobic C4 dicarboxylate transport in Escherichia coli roles of the three Dcu carriers ... more details
italic title Bifidobacterium dentium is a species of bacteria in the genus of Bifidobacterium , branch ed anaerobic bacteria from the Bifidobacteriaceae family . B. dentium is a source of Anaerobic organism anaerobic infection s, and is also tracked in polluted water to trace the source of fecal contamination. Category Actinobacteridae bacteria stub ... more details
See Hybrid nuclear fusion for the proposed nuclear reactor. Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A hybrid reactor is an anaerobic digester that combines a UASB reactor with an anaerobic filter . This combination is an advanced form enabling improved solid retention time in the treatment of waste water. See also Anaerobic digester types Environmental technology DEFAULTSORT Hybrid Reactor Category Anaerobic digester types Waste stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The aerobic threshold AeT is a term sometimes used by sports coaches and trainers to describe a level of exercise somewhat below the anaerobic threshold . It, however, is not a defined physiological term. The AeT is sometimes defined as the exercise intensity at which anaerobic energy pathways start to operate and where blood lactate reaches a concentration of 2 Mole unit mmol litre at rest it is around 1 . This tends to be at a heart rate of approximately 20 40 bpm less than the anaerobic threshold and correlates with about 65 of the maximum heart rate. The anaerobic energy system does not utilize oxygen to create Adenosine triphosphate ATP and uses glycogen glucose. Lactic acid is the by product of creating ATP for working muscles. See also Anaerobic exercise VO2max DEFAULTSORT Aerobic Threshold Category Aerobic exercise Sport stub de aerobe Schwelle ... more details
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