P. mirabilis may refer to Pisaura mirabilis , a spider species Proteus mirabilis , a Gram negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium species See also Mirabilis disambiguation Species Latin name abbreviation disambiguation ... more details
The internal circulation reactor IC reactor is a form of anaerobic digester . It is primarily designed to treat wastewater . The IC reactor is an evolution of the UASB and EGSB digestion systems. The digester typically produces biogas with a high concentration methane c80 . In essence the IC to improve digestion rates and gas yields. The foot print for the IC reactor is therefore typically smaller however it is taller due to the increased complexity of the reactor. The IC reactor typically comes as part of a two stage anaerobic digestion system where it is preceded by an acidogenesis acidification and hydrolyk tank. Effluent leaving the IC reactor will often require aerobic treatment to reduce biochemical BOD and COD to discharge consent levels. See also Anaerobic digester types waste management Category Anaerobic digester types waste stub pt Reator de circula o interna ... more details
Refimprove date May 2011 An expanded granular sludge bed EGSB reactor is a variant of the UASB concept. ref http www.uasb.org discover agsb.htm egsb UASB and EGSB Field, J. 2002 Anaerobic granular sludge bed technology pages, anaerobic granular sludge bed reactor technology ref The distinguishing feature is that a faster rate of upward flow velocity is designed for the wastewater passing through the sludge bed. The increased flux permits partial expansion fluidisation of the granular sludge bed, improving wastewater sludge contact as well as enhancing segregation of small inactive suspended particle from the sludge bed. The increased flow velocity is either accomplished by utilizing tall reactors, or by incorporating an effluent recycle or both . A scheme depicting the EGSB design concept is shown in this http www.uasb.org discover agsb.htm egsb EGSB diagram . The EGSB design is appropriate for low strength soluble wastewaters less than 1 to 2 g soluble Chemical oxygen demand COD l or for wastewaters that contain inert or poorly biodegradable suspended particles which should not be allowed to accumulate in the sludge bed. See also Anaerobic digestion Anaerobic digester types Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion External links http www.uasb.org UASB & EGSB Website References references Environmental technology DEFAULTSORT Expanded Granular Sludge Bed Digestion Category Anaerobic digester types waste stub ... more details
P. magnus may refer to Paragomphus magnus , a dragonfly species found in Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe Peptostreptococcus magnus , an anaerobic, Gram positive, non spore forming bacterium species See also Magnus Species Latin name abbreviation disambiguation ... more details
C. fallax may refer to Calliphora fallax , a synonym for Calliphora hilli , a fly species Clostridium fallax , an anaerobic motile gram positive bacterium species See also Fallax disambiguation Species Latin name abbreviation disambiguation ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 An acetogen is a microorganism that generates acetate as a product of anaerobic respiration . This process is known as acetogenesis ref cite pmid 18378590 ref and is different from acetate fermentation , although both occur in the absence of oxygen and produce acetate. These organisms are also referred to as acetogenic bacteria, because all known acetogens are bacteria . Acetogens are found in a variety of habitats, generally those that are Hypoxia environmental anaerobic lack oxygen . Acetogens can use a variety of compounds as sources of energy and carbon the best studied form of acetogenic metabolism involves the use of carbon dioxide as a carbon source and hydrogen as an energy source. References reflist 2 Bacteria Category Anaerobic digestion Category Bacteria microbiology stub hu Acetog n bakt rium ... more details
Mixed acid fermentation is an wikt anaerobicanaerobic fermentation where the products are a complex mixture of acids, particularly lactic acid lactate , acetate , succinate and formate as well as ethanol and equal amounts of H sub 2 sub and CO sub 2 sub . It is characteristic for members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. ref M.Madigan & J. Martinko, 11th edition, 2006 Brock s Biology of Microorganisms, NJ, Pearson Prentice Hall, p. 352 ref External links http biocyc.org META NEW IMAGE?type PATHWAY&object FERMENTATION PWY Mixed acid fermentation References reflist DEFAULTSORT Mixed Acid Fermentation Category Anaerobic digestion Category Fermentation waste stub de Gemischte S ureg rung it Fermentazione acido mista ... more details
Oxygen free may refer to the absence of oxygen in an environment or in a material. Environmental conditions Anoxia disambiguation Anoxic , an environment with low, or near zero, oxygen content Anaerobic disambiguation Anaerobic , a technical word which literally means without air where air is generally used to mean oxygen , as opposed to Aerobic disambiguation aerobic Aerobic disambiguation Aerobic , anthonym of anaerobic. Oxygen free materials Oxygen free copper , pure copper without oxygen in its crystal lattice OFHC , oxygen free high thermal conductivity copper CuOFP , oxygen free pure copper containing phosphorus . Disambig ... more details
etc. Peptostreptococcus is a genus of Anaerobic organism anaerobic , Gram positive , non Endospore spore ... necrosis necrotizing soft tissue infection s. They participate in mixed anaerobic infection ... are susceptible to beta lactam antibiotic s. ref name Treatment Brook I. Treatment of anaerobic infection ... specimen sources. Anaerobic gram positive cocci such as Peptostreptococcus are the second most frequently recovered anaerobes and account for approximately one quarter of anaerobic isolates found. Most often Anaerobic gram positive cocci are usually recovered mixed in with other anaerobic or aerobic ... of isolating Peptostreptococcus organisms. ref name Finegold Finegold SM. Anaerobic Bacteria ... is the only genus among anaerobic gram positive cocci that is encountered in clinical infections. As such, Peptostreptococcus species are viewed as being clinically significant anaerobic cocci. Other similar clinically significant anaerobic cocci include Veillonella species gram negative cocci , and microaerophilic streptococci aerotolerant . Anaerobic gram positive cocci include various clinically significant species of the genus Peptostreptococcus . ref name Anaerobic infections Brook I. Anaerobic Infections. In Diagnosis and Management. 4th Edition. New York Informa Healthcare ... was renamed Peptostreptococcus tetradius. The species of anaerobic gram positive cocci isolated ... anaerobius, Peptostreptococcus prevotii, and Peptostreptococcus micros. Anaerobic gram positive .... Most of these organisms are anaerobic, but some are microaerophilic. Due to a large amount ... strains of the genus. ref name Recovery Brook I. Recovery of anaerobic bacteria from clinical ... which makes them increasingly resistant to antimicrobrials. ref name Anaerobic infections The most common Peptostreptococcus species found in infections are P. magnus 18 of all anaerobic gram positive ... and respiratory tract infections and wounds. When anaerobic and facultative cocci were recovered ... more details
Cellular waste products are formed as a by product of cellular respiration , a series of processes and reactions that generate energy for the cell, in the form of Adenosine triphosphate ATP . Two examples of cellular respiration creating cellular waste products are aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration . ref http www.answers.com topic cellular respiration?cat health cellular respiration Definition and Much More from Answers.com Bot generated title ref Aerobic respiration main Aerobic respiration When in the presence of oxygen, cells use aerobic respiration to obtain energy from glucose molecules. ref http www.purchon.com biology aerobic.htm Aerobic Respiration Bot generated title ref ref http library.thinkquest.org C004535 aerobic respiration.html Aerobic Respiration Bot generated title ref Simplified Theoretical Reaction C sub 6 sub H sub 12 sub O sub 6 aq sub 6O sub 2 g sub 6CO sub 2 g sub 6H sub 2 sub O sub l sub H sub c sub 2880kJ In aerobic respiration the cellular waste products are Carbon dioxide carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub Water water H sub 2 sub O The other product coming out of cellular respiration is energy in the form of ATP Anaerobic respiration main Anaerobic respiration When oxygen is not available, a cell must undergo anaerobic respiration to generate energy. Fermentation biochemistry Fermentation is an example of anaerobic respiration. Simplified Theoretical Reaction C sub 6 sub H sub 12 sub O sub 6 sub math to math 2C sub 3 sub H sub 6 sub O sub 3 sub 2 ATP 120 kJ In anaerobic respiration, the cellular waste product is Lactic acid Lactic acid C sub 3 sub H sub 6 sub O sub 3 sub References reflist See also Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration Category Cell biology biology stub ... more details
Taxobox color lightgrey name Sporohalobacter regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Firmicutes classis Clostridia ordo Haloanaerobiales familia Haloanaerobiaceae genus Sporohalobacter Sporohalobacter are a genus of anaerobe anaerobic bacteria belonging to the family Haloanaerobiaceae. ref cite journal author Oren A, Gurevich P, Henis Y title Reduction of nitrosubstituted aromatic compounds by the halophilic anaerobic eubacteria Haloanaerobium praevalens and Sporohalobacter marismortui journal Appl Environ Microbiol volume 57 issue 11 pages 3367 70 year 1991 pmid 1669931 pmc 183973 ref The organisms are endospore spore forming bacteria that grow in hypersaline environments. ref cite journal author Ollivier B, Caumette P, Garcia J, Mah R title Anaerobic bacteria from hypersaline environments journal Microbiol Rev volume 58 issue 1 pages 27 38 year 1994 pmid 8177169 pmc 372951 ref References reflist Category Halanaerobiales bacteria stub es Sporohalobacter fr Sporohalobacter it Sporohalobacter ... more details
Disambig wiktionarypar digester A digester is a huge vessel where chemical or biological reactions are carried out. These are used in different types of process industries . Digester may also refer to Digester Computing Processes where digesters are used Anaerobic digestion Kraft process Sulfite process Soda process ... more details
Orphan date October 2008 Gytta or Gyttja is formed from the partial Decomposition decay of peat . It is black and has a gel like consistency. Aerobic digestion of the peat by bacteria forms Humic acid see http www.suprahumic.unina.it and reduces the peat in the first oxygenated 0.5 metre generally of the peat column. As the peat is buried under new peat or soil the oxygen is reduced, often by water logging, and further degradation by Anaerobic organism Anaerobic microbes , Anaerobic digestion can produce gyttja. The gyttja then slowly drains to the bottom of the column ref http www.giss.nasa.gov research briefs peteet 03 fig2.pdf ref . It pools at the bottom of the peat column, about 10 metres below the surface or wherever it is stopped by e.g. compacted soil Peat , Bedrock , Permafrost . Gyttja accumulates as long as new material is added to the top of the column and the conditions are right for anaerobic degradation of the peat. Gyttja can form in layers reflecting changes in the environment ref http www.pimdeklerk palynology.eu page108c9d270f5.html ref as with other Sedimentary rock . Gytta is the part of peat that forms coal , but it must be buried under thousands of feet for coalification to occur because it has to be hot enough to drive off the water it contains. see Dopplerite References http smtc.uwyo.edu coal swamp how.asp How Swamps Produce Coal Reflist Category Coal Carbon cycle Category Carbon cycle ... more details
italic title Taxobox color lightgrey name Caldicellulosiruptor bescii regnum Bacteria phylum Firmicutes classis Clostridia ordo Thermoanaerobacteriales familia Thermoanaerobacterales Family III genus Caldicellulosiruptor species C. saccharolyticus binomial Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus binomial authority Rainey et al, 1994 ref name Rainey 1994 Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus is a species of thermophilic , Anaerobic organism anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria . It was isolated from a piece of wood floating in the flow from a freshwater thermal spring in New Zealand in 1987, and tentatively named Caldocellum saccharolyticum . ref name Sissons 1987 In 1994, the isolate was more thoroughly characterized physiologically, and classified to a new genus, Caldicellusiruptor , based on 16S RNA sequence. ref name Rainey 1994 It is the type species, and more thoroughly studied member of its genus. References Reflist refs ref name Sissons 1987 Sissons, C. H., K. R. Sharrock, R. M. Daniel, and H. W. Morgan. 1987. Isolation of cellulolytic anaerobic extreme thermophiles from new zealand thermal sites. Appl Environ Microbiol 53 832 8. ref ref name Rainey 1994 Rainey, F. A., A. M. Donnison, P. H. Janssen, D. Saul, A. Rodrigo, P. L. Bergquist, R. M. Daniel, E. Stackebrandt, and H. W. Morgan. 1994. Description of Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus gen. nov., sp. nov an obligately anaerobic, extremely thermophilic, cellulolytic bacterium. FEMS Microbiol Lett 120 263 6. ref Category Thermoanaerobacteriales ... more details
Image Anaerobic digestate.JPG right thumbnail 300px Acidogenic digestate produced from mixed municipal waste Digestate is solid material remaining after the anaerobic digestion of a biodegradable feedstock. Anaerobic digestion produces two main products digestate and biogas . Digestate is produced both by acidogenesis and methanogenesis and each has different characteristics. Acidogenic digestate Acidogenic digestate is fibrous and consists of structural plant matter including lignin and cellulose . Acidogenic digestate has high moisture retention properties. The digestate may also contain minerals and remnants of bacteria . Methanogenic digestate Methanogenic digestate is a sludge sometimes called a liquor . This is often high in nutrients such as nitrate s and phosphate s. Uses The primary use of digestate is as a soil conditioner . ref http www.nnfcc.co.uk tools evaluation of opportunities for converting indigenous uk wastes to fuels and energy report nnfcc 09 012 Evaluation of Opportunities for Converting Indigenous UK Wastes to Fuels and Energy Report , NNFCC 09 012 ref Acidogenic digestate provides moisture retention and organic content for soils. This organic material can break down further, aerobically in soil . Methanogenic digestate provides nutrients for plant growth. It can ... by anaerobic digestion can be assessed on three criteria, chemical, biological and physical aspects ... called PAS110 governs the definition of digestate derived from the anaerobic digestion of source segregated biodegradable materials ref http www.wrap.org.uk ad WRAP Anaerobic Digestion Page ... info.co.uk index.php standards agri.html UK s Official Information Portal on Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas, Digestate Standards Page ref . See also Anaerobic decomposition Anaerobic digester types Anaerobic digestion Biogas powerplant Biosolids Mechanical biological treatment References references waste management Category Anaerobic digestion Category Biodegradable waste management Category Mechanical ... more details
The Association for Organics Recycling AfOR formally the Composting Association is the leading trade organisation for the biodegradable waste management industry in the UK United Kingdom British . The association aims to promote the benefits of composting and the sustainable development of Organic material organic resources. AfOR has helped to develop the BSI PAS 100 industry standard for compost s. The Association s primary focus has been composting but is now involved with anaerobic digestion and certified compostable packaging. There is a separate branch of the Composting Association for Scotland . See also Anaerobic digestion BSI PAS 100 Compost Composting External links http www.organics recycling.org.uk Composting Association Website Category Composting Category Waste organisations Category Professional associations based in the United Kingdom waste stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Serratia proteamaculans regnum Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Gamma Proteobacteria ordo Enterobacteriales familia Enterobacteriaceae genus Serratia binomial Serratia proteamaculans binomial authority Paine and Stansfield 1919 br Grimont et al. 1978 synonyms Pseudomonas proteamaculans small Paine and Stansfield 1919 small br Xantomonas proteamaculans small Paine and Stansfield 1919 Burkholder 1948 small br Erwinia proteamaculans small Paine and Stansfield 1919 Dye 1966 small Serratia proteamaculans is a Gram negative , Facultative anaerobic organism facultatively anaerobic , bacillus rod shaped bacterium . Category Enterobacteria vi Serratia proteamaculans Proteobacteria stub ... more details
A biogas upgrader is a facility that is used to concentrate the methane in biogas to natural gas standards. The system removes carbon dioxide , hydrogen sulphide , ref http www.sgc.se dokument Evaluation.pdf EVALUATION OF UPGRADING TECHNIQUES FOR BIOGAS, Margareta Persson, October 2003, School of Environmental Engineering, Lund University ref water and contaminants from the biogas. One technique for doing this uses amine gas treating . This purified biogas is also called biomethane . It can be used interchangeably with natural gas. See also Anaerobic digestion References references DEFAULTSORT Biogas Upgrader Category Anaerobic digestion energy stub de Biogasaufbereitung ... more details
Tannerella forsythia is an Anaerobic organism anaerobic , gram negative species of bacteria of the Cytophaga Bacteroidetes family implicated in periodontal disease s. ref http www.oralgen.lanl.gov oralgen bacteria tfor Tannerella forsythensis ATCC 43037 ref T. forsythia , sometimes referred to by previous names including Bacteroides forsythus and Tannerella forsythensis ref Cionca, N, et al. Microbiologic testing and outcomes of full mouth scaling and root planing with or without amoxicillin metronidazole in chronic periodontitis. J Perio 2010 81 15 23. ref , is a member of the red complex of periodontal pathogen s. References Reflist Periodontology Gram negative non proteobacterial bacterial diseases Category Bacteroidetes Bacteria stub ... more details
Italic title Taxobox image image width image caption regnum Bacteria divisio Firmicutes classis Clostridia familia Clostridiaceae genus Clostridium species Cl. chauvoei binomial Clostridium chauvoei binomial authority Arloing et al. 1887 Scott 1928 Clostridium chauvoei is an Anaerobic organism anaerobic , Motility motile , gram positive bacterium . In cattle and sheep, a severe Cl. chauvoei infection causes Blackleg disease blackleg . References NCBI 46867 Clostridium chauvoei Arloing et al. 1887 Scott 1928 UniProt Taxonomy name Clostridium chauvoei id 46867 accessdate 2011 02 04 External links Catalogue of Life 4258310 eol 974995 Clostridium chauvoei Bacteria stub Category Clostridiaceae Category Gram positive bacteria ... more details
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