TOCright The arcconverter , sometimes called the arc transmitter or Poulsen arc after its inventor Danish engineer Valdemar Poulsen , is a device that used an electric arc to convert direct current electricity .... Only the arcconverter with passive frequency conversion was suitable for portable and maritime ... ref Description Unlike the spark gap transmitter converter, the arcconverter produces undamped or continuous ... by Danish inventor Valdemar Poulsen . The Poulsen arcconverter can be likened to a continuous duty rated Arc welding electric arc welder with a tuned circuit connected across the arc. The negative resistance characteristics of an electric arc permits the creation of a relaxation oscillator that converts direct current to radio frequency energy. The arcconverter consisted of a water cooled bronze ... converter. Keying Since the arc took some time to strike and operate in a stable fashion, normal ... wiki index.php Milestones Poulsen Arc Radio Transmitter, 1902 title Milestones Poulsen Arc Radio ... 2011 ref History Elihu Thomson discovered that a carbon arc shunted with a series tuned circuit would sing . This singing arc was probably limited to audio frequencies. ref Harvnb Little 1921 p 125 ref ... arc Bureau of Standards credits William Duddell with the shunt resonant circuit around 1900. ref ... a resonant circuit using a carbon arc lamp . Duddell s musical arc operated at audio frequencies , and Duddell himself concluded that it was impossible to make the arc oscillate at radio frequencies ... the efficiency and frequency to the desired level Poulsen s arc could generate frequencies of up to 200 hertz kilohertz and was patented in 1903. After a few years of development the arc technology ... and their financial backers. In 1909 the American patents as well as a few arc converters were ... by vacuum tube systems. In 1922, the NIST Bureau of Standards stated, the arc is the most widely used transmitting apparatus for high power, long distance work. It is estimated that the arc is now responsible ... more details
wiktionarypar converterConverter may refer to Electromagnetics Frequency converter voltage converter , another name for electromagnetic transformer switched mode power supply DC to DC converter Electronics Digital to analog converter Analog to digital converter a combination local oscillator and mixer stage in a Superheterodyne receiver converter , an alternate name for a remote control In television Cable converter box , an electronic device use in Cable Television Systems Digital television adapter , sometimes known as a converter box Information technology low noise block converter , in communications Scan conversion scan converter between video formats File format converter convert between various file formats Audio converter Metallurgy converter metallurgy Bessemer converter , a metallurgical process for steelmaking a process vessel in Basic oxygen steelmaking Vehicles, automobiles catalytic converter , in automobiles Autogas Converter Autogas Converter , part of an automotive LPG system, also known as a vaporiser or pressure reducer Miscellaneous converter music , the name of a noise music project by Scott Sturgis Torque converter fountain pen converter, a removable filling mechanism for fountain pens unit converter See also Conversion disambiguation Adapter disambiguation disambig da Omformer de Konverter fr Convertisseur ko io Konverto it Convertitore pl Konwerter ru sv Konverter uk ... more details
About Arc as a word initialisms ARC disambiguation wiktionary arcarc arcs Arc may refer to tocright Mathematics Arc geometry , a segment of a differentiable curve Arc projective geometry , a particular ... of a degree arc , a prefix sometimes used for an inverse function , specifically trigonometry functions ... occasionally appearing along with very bright sun dogs Infralateral arc , a rare halo, an optical phenomenon appearing similar to a rainbow under a white parhelic circle Lower tangent arc , rarely ... Parry arc , a rare halo, an optical phenomenon which occasionally appears over a 22 halo together with an upper tangent arc Subhelic arc , a rare halo that curves upwards from the horizon and touches the tricker arc above the anthelic point Supralateral arc , a rare halo, an optical phenomenon often confused with the indeed infrequently appearing 46 halo Upper tangent arc , halo, an atmospheric ... Arc chute , a protective device in an electrical circuit breaker Arc lamp , a device that produces light by an electric arcArc welding , a method of welding that uses an electric arc to melt the metals together Electric arc or voltaic arc, an ongoing plasma discharge an electric current through a gas , producing light and heat Arc or arch , a bowed or curved structure capable of spanning a space while supporting significant weight Places Arc Savoie , a river of eastern France, tributary of the Is re river Arc Provence , a river of southern France, flowing into the tang de Berre Les Arcs , a ski resort in the French Alps Volcanic arc , a chain of volcanoes positioned in an arc shape as seen from above Island arc , a type of archipelago composed of a chain of volcanoes which alignment is arc ... plates Biology Arc protein , a name of product of an immediate early gene, also called Arg3.1 Modern culture Story arc , an extended or continuing storyline Character arc , the status of a character as it unfolds throughout the story Arc , a song by Pearl Jam from Riot Act album Riot Act Arc album ... more details
About ARC as an initialism the word Arc disambiguation ARC may refer to Wiktionary ARC TOC Right Business ... by this name ARC record company 1929 1938 , a United States record label also known as American Record ... Channel , American cable television video on demand network based in Los Angeles ARC Architectural Resources Cambridge, Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts ARC Diversified , a Cookeville, Tennessee non ... for computational grids Advanced RISC Computing , a specification ARC file format , a lossless data compression and archival file format ARC International , a computer processor designer ARC ..., the Royal Canadian Air Force . Humanitarian and religious organizations ARC triangle , Affinity, Reality ... and Conservation , UK American Red Cross ARC Association for Real Change , UK organisation supporting ... Citizens, former name of the Arc of the United States Society for the Arts, Religion and Contemporary ..., bookstores, and magazines A.R.C. , an album by Circle jazz band ARC Europe Accueil, Rencontre ... the summer months ARC 170 , a Star Wars starfighter ARChive of Contemporary Music , a music repository ... ARC in Karolinska Institutet , aging research center in Sweden Archival Research Catalog ... , international automobile rally ARC football club Alphense Racing Club , Alphen aan den Rijn ... ARC , Mass Transit Tunnel construction project between New Jersey and New York City AIDS related complex ... college in Sacramento County, California ARC Callsign , used by the Colombian National Armada ships ARC station , Amtrak s station in Arcata, California ARC, the ISO 639 3 code for Official Aramaic language spoken between 700 BCE and 300 BCE AN ARC 5 , communications system used by U.S. Navy aircraft during and after World War II ARC, IATA airport code for Arctic Village Airport , Alaska Activity ... ARCS disambiguation Ark disambiguation disambiguation de ARC eo ARC it ARC nl ARC ja ARC pl ARC ru ARC ... more details
. Compared to the rotary converter, the mercury arc and semiconductor rectifiers did not need daily ...File 500kW Westinghouse rotary converter Rankin Kennedy, Electrical Installations, Vol II, 1909 .jpg thumb A rotary converter is a type of electrical machine which acts as a mechanical rectifier or Inverter ... from an AC power source. Principles of operation Image Rotary Converter Single Phase to DC.png thumb ... rotary converter. In actual use, the converter is drum wound and uses a multipolar field . ref Hawkins Electrical Guide, 2nd Ed. 1917, p. 1459, fig. 2034 ref Image Rotary Converter Two Phase to DC.png thumb 400px Wiring schematic for a simpllfied two phase to direct current rotary converter, with the second .... 1460, fig. 2035 ref Image Rotary Converter Three Phase to DC.png thumb 400px Wiring schematic for a simpllfied three phase to direct current rotary converter, with the phases separated by 120 degrees on the commutator. ref Hawkins Electrical Guide, 2nd Ed. 1917, p. 1461, fig. 2036 ref The rotary converter ... electrical engineering armature and set of field coil s. The basic construction of the rotary converter ... the slip rings which is directly rectified into DC by the commutator. This makes the rotary converter ... rotary converter or simply a synchronous converter. The AC slip rings also allow the machine to act ... rotary converter. One way to envision what is happening in an AC to DC rotary converter is to imagine ... at all save those driving the switch. The rotary converter is somewhat more complex than this trivial ... switch, but the analogy may be helpful in understanding how the rotary converter avoids transforming ... converter over the discrete motor generator set is that the rotary converter avoids converting ... energy instead flows directly from input to output, allowing the rotary converter to be much ... illustration of a single phase to direct current rotary converter, it may be used five different ... an inverted rotary converter see Inverter electrical Inverter . If the machine is brought up to synchronous ... more details
A data converter may refer to a digital to analog converter an analog to digital converter any other device used in data conversion . dab ... more details
Other uses Converter disambiguation Converter cleanup date currentmonthname currentyear Infobox laboratory equipment name Converter equipment image Converter station.JPG alt See Wikipedia Alternative text for images caption Example of a modern Converter H series acronym other names uses Waste Treatment ... model related Autoclave A waste converter is a machine used for the treatment and recycling of solid and liquid refuse material. A converter is a self contained system capable of performing ... beneficiaries of on site waste conversion. The converter is an evolution of the autoclave ... of waste, a converter operates in the atmospheric pressure range. Superheating conditions ..., the converter is a simplified, cleaner, and more efficient update to Sir Charles s invention. Converter technology is an environmentally friendly alternative to other traditional means of waste disposal that include incineration , plasma arc , and landfill dumping in that waste conversion results ... . Applications Application of the converter is common in centralized waste conversion centers, where ... to the portability and simplicity of modern converters. Hospitals are a large beneficiary of converter ... a converter placed on every floor where single use sanitary items such as needles, scalpels, bandages ..., have found a use for converter technology. By processing unused and decomposing food matter ... such as gas drilling rigs and oil platforms are another logical application of converter technology ... right EPA chart waste generation and waste recovery The converter is one of the green technologies ... by environmental agencies. The modern converter achieves saturation within 10 15 minutes due to the high ... in computer memory for record keeping. Competing Technologies Image Plasma Arc plant.jpg thumb 200px right Plasma Arc plant in operation in Japan Waste converters do have indirect competition since ... can be added into a larger waste conversion process that will usually place the waste converter ... more details
History After the first demonstration of the practical arc mode caesium vapor thermionic converter by V ...A thermionic converter consists of a hot electrode which thermionic emission thermionically emits electron s over a potential energy barrier to a cooler electrode, producing a useful electric power output. Caesium vapor is used to optimize the electrode work functions and provide an ion supply by surface contact ionization or electron impact ionization in a plasma to neutralize the electron space charge . Definition From a physical electronic viewpoint, thermionic energy conversion is the direct production of electric power from heat by thermionic electron emission. From a thermodynamic viewpoint, ref Cite book last Rasor first N. S. contribution Thermionic Energy Converter year 1983 title Fundamentals ... vapor as the working fluid in a power producing cycle. A thermionic converter consists of a hot emitter ... Converter for a Domestic Heating System journal Proceedings of the 29th Intersociety Energy ... of the thermionic converter. ref cite journal last Rasor first Ned S. title Thermionic Energy ... date December 1991 doi 10.1109 27.125041 ref In the ignited or arc mode the plasma is maintained via ... physical understanding and performance of the thermionic converter were essentially the same ... low temperature thermionic converter technology for fossil fueled industrial and commercial electric ... reactor applications. That research has shown that substantial improvements in converter performance ... HET IV and Converter Advancement CAP programs. Final Reports , DOE DE96010173 386 pages 1996 . ref ... of Electron Reflection on Thermionic Converter Performance , Proc. 33rd Intersoc. Energy Conv. Engr ... studies of systems employing the advanced thermionic converter performance. ref cite journal ... temperature converter s efficiency. See also Atomic battery Betavoltaics Optoelectric nuclear battery ... en.wikipedia.org w index.php?title Thermionic converter&action edit DEFAULTSORT Thermionic Converter ... more details
File Schematic of a forward converter.png thumb 400px A schematic showing the most important components of a forward converter. The forward converter is a DC DC conversion DC DC converter that uses a transformer to increase or decrease the output voltage depending on the transformer ratio and provide galvanic isolation for the load. With multiple output windings, it is possible to provide both higher and lower voltage outputs. It operates in a manner simliar to the flyback converter , but is generally more energy efficient. A flyback converter stores energy as a magnetic field in an inductor airgap during the time the converter switching element transistor is conducting. When the switch turns off, the stored magnetic field collapses and the energy is transferred to the output of the flyback converter as electric current. The flyback converter can be viewed as two inductors sharing a common core. In contrast the forward converter which is based on a transformer does not store energy during the conduction time of the switching element transformers cannot store a significant amount of energy unlike inductors. Instead, energy is passed directly to the output of the forward converter by transformer action during the switch conduction phase. The use of the forward converter constrains the maximum output voltage by the transformer turns ratio math textstyle N S N P math math V out D cdot frac N S N P cdot V supply math where math D math is the pulse width modulator duty cycle. The forward converter is used to provide a intermediate power output 100&ndash 200 watt s . ref name Hart cite book title Power Electronics last Hart first Daniel publisher William C Brown Publishing url http www.worldcat.org oclc 436031173&referer brief results year 2010 ref ref name NPTEL cite web url http nptel.iitm.ac.in courses Webcourse contents IIT 20Kharagpur Power 20Electronics PDF L 23 28DP 29 28PE 29 20 28 28EE 29NPTEL 29.pdf title Power Electronics work National Programme on Technology En ... more details
A cascade converter is a type of motor generator which was patented in 1902 by J. L. la Cour and O. S. Bragstad . It consists of an induction motor driving a dynamo through a shaft. In addition, the Rotor electric rotor of the induction motor is electrically connected to the armature electrical engineering armature of the dynamo. When the machine is running, half the power is transmitted mechanically through the shaft while the other half is transmitted electrically. The advantage of this arrangement is that the machine can be smaller than a conventional motor generator of the same power. The United Kingdom British manufacturing rights for the cascade converter were held by Bruce Peebles & Co. Ltd. of Edinburgh . Sources The Electrical Year Book 1937, published by Emmott and Company Limited, Manchester, England, pp 105 106 See also Rotary converter Rotary phase converter Category Electric power systems components ... more details
A power converter is an electrical or electro mechanical device for converting electrical energy. It may be converting alternating current AC to or from direct current DC , or the voltage or frequency , or some combination of these. Amongst the many devices that are used for this purpose are Switched mode power supply Rectifier Power inverter Motor generator set DC to DC converter Transformer Category Electrical power conversion ... more details
A console converter is a video game console hardware device used to bypass regional lockout on a video game console , allowing imported video games to be played on domestic video game consoles. Unlike mod chip s, console converters do not circumvent copy protection. For example, a Super Famicom converter allows Super Famicom games to be played on American Super NES consoles and vice versa. Super Famicom converters come in several styles. One third party SNES hardware device, GameSaver , which emulates the save state feature used in console emulation to be done on the SNES console, is also used as a Super Famicom converter. Category Video game consoles ... more details
Image Bauma 2007 ZF Drehmomentwandler.jpg thumb ZF Friedrichshafen ZF torque converter cut away Image torque converter cutbox model.jpg thumb A cut away model of a torque converter In modern usage, a torque converter is generally a type of fluid coupling hydrodynamic fluid coupling that is used to transfer ... or electric motor , to a rotating driven load. The torque converter normally takes the place of a mechanical ... characteristic of a torque converter is its ability to multiply torque when there is a substantial ... slippage and a resulting loss of efficiency. By far the most common form of torque converter in automobile ... based Constantinesco torque converter . There are also mechanical designs for continuously variable ... , drilling rig s, construction equipment , and railway locomotive s. Function Torque converter elements ... converter has at least one extra element&mdash the stator&mdash which alters the drive s characteristics during periods of high slippage, producing an increase in output torque. In a torque converter ... to the impeller. The classic torque converter design dictates that the stator be prevented ... transmission was a non shifting design and, under normal conditions, relied solely upon the converter to multiply torque. The Dynaflow used a five element converter to produce the wide range of torque ... converter design, many automotive converters include a lock up clutch to improve cruising power ... drive. Operational phases A torque converter has three stages of operation Stall . The prime mover ... converter can produce maximum torque multiplication if sufficient input power is applied the resulting ... large difference between impeller and turbine speed. Under this condition, the converter will produce ... of the impeller. Torque multiplication has essentially ceased and the torque converter is behaving ... efficiency . The key to the torque converter s ability to multiply torque lies in the stator. In the classic ... of efficiency and the generation of considerable waste heat. Under the same condition in a torque converter ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image Pelham bit.jpg thumb 200px right Bit converters pelham roundings are used on this pelham bit A bit converter , also known as a pelham rounding, is used on pelham bit s to change them from two rein bits to one rein bits. It is a leather strap that attaches from the snaffle ring to the curb ring, onto which the rein is then attached to the loop made between the two rings. A bit converter is very helpful when riding the cross country phase of eventing , so that a rider using a pelham does not have to keep track of two reins especially helpful when riding drop fence s, which require the rider to slip the reins and then gather them back up on landing. It is also commonly seen used by children, who may have not yet become skilled enough to handle two reins with ease. However, the bit converter diminishes the rider s ability to apply the curb and snaffle functions of the pelham independently and discriminately, and thus is usually considered unsuitable for other types of riding it is illegal in hunt seat equitation, for example. A bit converter is also frequently known as roundings or pelham roundings . DEFAULTSORT Bit Converter Category Horse tack ... more details
Image Flyback conventions.svg 250px thumb Fig. 1 Schematic of a flyback converter The flyback converter is used in both AC DC conversion AC DC and DC DC conversion DC DC conversion with galvanic isolation between the input and any outputs. More precisely, the flyback converter is a buck boost converter with the inductor split to form a transformer, so that the voltage ratios are multiplied with an additional advantage of isolation. When driving for example a plasma globe plasma lamp or a voltage multiplier the rectifying diode of the buck boost converter is left out and the device is called a flyback ... configurations of a flyback converter in operation In the on state, the energy is transferred from the input ... capacitor . Image Flyback converter PSS kneepoint trace.png 250px thumb Fig. 3 Waveform using primary side sensing techniques showing the knee point . The schematic of a flyback converter can be seen in Fig. 1. It is equivalent to that of a buck boost converter ref http ecee.colorado.edu ecen4517 materials flyback.pdf The Flyback Converter Lecture notes ECEN4517 Department of Electrical and Computer ... to the output of the converter. The operation of storing energy in the transformer before transferring to the output of the converter allows the topology to easily generate multiple outputs with little ... enough energy to the transformer. Operation The flyback converter is an isolated power converter ... is now replacing ringing choke converter RCC in applications such as Battery charger Applications ... the control of the converter The voltage feedback loop requires a lower bandwidth due to a zero in the response of the converter. The current feedback loop used in current mode control needs slope ... has the following disadvantages, which limit the efficiency of the converter High RMS and peak currents ... converter is often combined with the horizontal deflection drive High voltage generation e.g. ... switchmode converter example References Citation first Keith last Billings year 1999 title Switchmode ... more details
redir Cuk the Idel Ural festival k The uk converter pronounced Chook , sometimes incorrectly spelled Cuk , uk or C k is a type of DC DC converter that has an output voltage magnitude that is either greater than or less than the input voltage magnitude. The non isolated uk converter can only have ... Switching Converter Power Stages journal Proceedings of the IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference ... format PDF accessdate 2008 12 31 ref Non isolated uk converter There are variations on the basic Cuk converter. For example, the coils may share single magnetic core, which drops the output ripple, and adds ... has minimized EMI radiation. The Cuk converter enables the energy flow bidirectionally, by adding ... of a non isolated uk converter. Image Cuk operating.svg thumb 200px Fig 2 The two operating states of a non isolated uk converter. Image Cuk operating2.svg thumb 350px Fig 3 The two operating states of a non isolated uk converter. In this figure, the diode and the switch are either replaced by a short ... L sub 2 sub . A non isolated uk converter comprises two inductor s, two capacitor s, a switch ... converter, so the output voltage is negative with respect to the input voltage. The capacitor C is used to transfer energy and is connected alternately to the input and to the output of the converter ... converters buck converter , boost converter , buck boost converter the uk converter can either operate ... in series with C and the output capacitor, so math V L2 V o V C math The converter operates in on state ... is the same as that obtained for the Buck boost converter . Discontinuous mode Like all ... inductor uk converter , using a single magnetic component that includes both inductors on the same ... uk converter lower output ripple than a uk converter using two independent discrete inductor components ... primary inductance converter SEPIC main SEPIC converter A SEPIC converter is able to step up or step ... DC DC converter.shtm DC DC Converter Basics by G. Ledwich 1998 http www.boostbuck.com IsolationoftheCukConverter.html ... more details
orphan date February 2009 When a descrambler is added to the Cable Converter Box in the same chassis, it is referred to as a Converter Descrambler or sometimes a Combination Unit, and is a type of Set top box , it allows local broadcast channels, basic cable channels, authorized premium channels, Pay Per View PPV , and Video On Demand VOD services to be viewed. A Combination Converter Descrambler is generally called a Set top box or STB it is a single one piece system installed in a single cabinet and represents a single component that is capable of descrambling premium services, like HBO or Showtime, pay per view cable channels., Video on Demand, Games or other specialty pay services, and transposes the cable signal for RF output on channel 3 or 4. This unit contains a converter and a descrambler, enclosed in a common box and outputs the signal directly to your TV, VCR, DVR, PC, DVD or video projector. References http www.patentstorm.us patents 6070001.html United States Patent 6070001 Addressability system Patent http www.freepatentsonline.com 4937865.html United States Patent 4937865 Cable TV channel security system having remotely addressable traps http www.indigital.co.in abt default.html ... customer pdfs cable converter8610C.pdf Converter Box , RCN http www.rcn.com customer cabletv diagrams index.php Troubleshooting Converter Box , RCN http www.tcnj.edu nts tv.html New Jersey College Converter Box Setup , TCNJ http www.cinemasource.com articles TOP10 20QaboutCableTV.htm Converter Box , Cinemasource http dtvfacts.com digital tv converter box Digital TV Converter Box , DTVFacts http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 9C01E2DB1739F932A35756C0A960958260 Digital TV Converter ... 5 Basic Cable Ready TV Hookup with a Cable Converter , Time Warner Cable http www.electronickits.com cable FreeCableReportChapterThree.htm Cable Converter Manufacturers , Electronickits.com http www.cable ... headend Set top box Cable Converter Box Scrambler Descrambler encryption Provisioning conditional ... more details
refimprove date July 2009 A boost converter step up converter is a DC to DC converter DC to DC power converter with an output voltage greater than its input voltage. It is a class of switched mode power ... sometimes in combination with inductors are normally added to the output of the converter to reduce output voltage ripple. Image boost circuit.png thumb 400px The basic schematic of a boost converter. The switch is typically a MOSFET , IGBT , or BJT . Overview Power for the boost converter can ... converter is a DC to DC converter with an output voltage greater than the source voltage. A boost converter is sometimes called a step up converter since it steps up the source voltage. Since power ... represented a major Milestone project management milestone that made SMPSs such as the boost converter ... for small, lightweight, and efficient power converters led to the converter s rapid development. Switched ... V motor. Without a boost converter, the Prius would need nearly 417 cells to power the motor. However ... converter can step up the voltage from a single 1.5 V alkaline cell to power the lamp. Boost converters ... crystal display LCD backlight s and some flashlight s. A boost converter is used as the voltage ... power battery applications, and is aimed at the ability of a boost converter to steal the remaining ... that drives the boost converter is the tendency of an inductor to resist changes in current. In a boost converter, the output voltage is always higher than the input voltage. A schematic of a boost ... higher than the input voltage. Image Boost conventions.svg thumb 250px Fig. 1 Boost converter schematic Image Boost operating.svg thumb 250px Fig. 2 The two configurations of a boost converter, depending on the state of the switch S. The basic principle of a Boost converter consists of 2 ... as the inductor current as can be seen in figure 2. So it is not discontinuous as in the buck converter and the requirements on the input filter are relaxed compared to a buck converter. Continuous mode ... more details
A Protocol Converter is a device used to convert standard or proprietary protocol of one device to the protocol suitable for the other device or tools to achieve the interoperability. Protocols are software installed on the routers which convert the data formats, data rate and protocols of one network into the protocols of the network in which data is navigating.There are varieties of protocols used in different fields like Power Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Oil & Gas, Automaton, Utilities, AMR, What is AMR? and Remote Monitoring applications. The major protocol translation messages involve conversion of data messages, events, commands and time synchronization. General Architecture class toccolours border 1 style float right clear right margin 0 0 1em 1em border collapse collapse Image ProtocolConverter.JPG The general architecture of a protocol converter include an internal master protocol communicating to the external slave devices and the data collected is used to update the internal database of the converter. When the external master requests for data, the internal slave collects the same from the database and send it to the external master. There will be different schemes for handling the spontaneous reporting of events and commands. There can be different physical medium for communication on protocol X & Y which include RS232 , RS485 , Ethernet , etc. Applications of Protocol Converters Protocol Converter applications vary from industry to industry. The protocol converter can be a software converter, hardware converter, or an integrated converter depending on the protocols. Some of the key applications are Substation Automation Building Automation Process ... storage gateway External links http ieeexplore.ieee.org iel5 9477 30071 01377736.pdf Protocol Converter for Real Time management system http www.kalkitech.com downindex Impact Of Protocol Converter ... Automation http www.calamp.com home critical infrastructure products.html Protocol Converter for Smart ... more details
The Hays Converter is a breed of cattle native specifically to Alberta , Canada . Named for Harry Hays , the agriculturalist and politician who developed the breed, it was the first pure breed of cattle created in Canada. ref name storey cite book title Storey s Illustrated Breed Guide to Sheep, Goats, Cattle and Pigs last Ekarius first Carol year 2008 publisher Storey Publishing isbn 978 1 60342 036 5 ref Work on breeding the Hays Converter began in 1959, and it was officially recognized by the Canadian beef industry under the Canada Livestock Pedigree Act in December of 1975. ref cite web url http www.ansi.okstate.edu breeds cattle haysconverter index.htm title Hays Converter publisher Oklahoma State University Dept. of Animal Science ref ref name beefsite cite web title The Beef Site Hays Converter url http www.thebeefsite.com breeds beef 89 hays converter overview accessdate March 22, 2012 ref Senator Hays wished to create a cattle beast that would be based solely on production, and as such would mature to market weight as fast as possible. ref name beefsite Characteristics The Hays Converter is a hardy beef cattle breed, meant to stand up to the harsh conditions in Alberta. By appearance, they are generally black with some white markings on the face, legs and underbelly. They can also be red and white in colour, but this is a more rare occurrence. Hays chose three particular breeds of cattle in order to achieve the optimal breed of cattle. He achieved this by combination crosses of Holstein cattle Holstein cattle on Hereford cattle Hereford cattle and Brown Swiss cattle. ref name beefsite These three existing breeds were chosen specifically for certain traits they carried. The Holstein cattle were chosen due to their good strong feet and ability to produce milk with a high butter fat content, allowing calves to grow faster. The Hereford cattle were chosen due to their high ... to produce milk up until the end of lactation. ref cite web title Hays Converter url http www.ansi.okstate.edu ... more details
File FrontTeleconverter.png thumb 220px right A teleside converter lens attached in front of a camera. br 2 Camera lens br 1 Teleside converter A teleside converter is a secondary lens which is mounted on the front of a photographic lens to increase the effective focal length of the lens they are attached to. They are used on cameras and video cameras with non interchangeable lenses to increase the magnification of the image. Their design is usually that of an Afocal system afocal Galilean telescope that alters the width of the entering beam of light without affecting the divergence of the beam, so they can change the effective focal length 1 to 3 times without increasing focal ratio . The down side to teleside converters is they will vignetting vignette the image on the Wide angle lens wide angle setting if used on a zoom lens . References reflist refbegin http books.google.com books?id AEFPNfghI3QC&pg PA492&dq teleconverter afocal&cd 5 v onepage&q teleconverter 20afocal&f false Scientific photography and applied imaging By Sidney F. Ray, page 492 refend See also Secondary lens Teleconverter photography subject Category Photographic lenses photo stub ... more details
A buck converter is a step down DC to DC converter . Its design is similar to the step up boost converter , and like the boost converter it is a switched mode power supply that uses two switches a transistor ... unit processor . Theory of operation Image Buck circuit diagram.svg thumb Fig. 1 Buck converter circuit diagram. Image buck operating.svg thumb Fig. 2 The two circuit configurations of a buck converter ... of the components, voltages and current of the buck converter. Image buck chronogram.png thumb 350px Fig. 4 Evolution of the voltages and currents with time in an ideal buck converter operating in continuous mode. The operation of the buck converter is fairly simple, with an inductor and two switches .... For the purposes of analysis it is useful to consider an idealised buck converter. In the idealised converter all the components are considered to be perfect. Specifically the switch and the diode ... this would imply the output capacitance being infinitely large . Continuous mode A buck converter ... energy from the input to the output of the converter. The rate of change of I sub L sub can be calculated ... frac V L L , dt frac V o L t off math , t off 1 D T If we assume that the converter ... of the converter varies linearly with the duty cycle for a given input voltage. As the duty cycle D ... V o leq V i math . This is why this converter is referred to as step down converter . So, for example ... and currents with time in an ideal buck converter operating in discontinuous mode. We still consider that the converter operates in steady state. Therefore, the energy in the inductor is the same ... 2LI o D 2V i T 1 math It can be seen that the output voltage of a buck converter operating in discontinuous ... at the beginning of this section, the converter operates in discontinuous mode when low current is drawn ... current with a duty cycle D 1. So, in steady state operation of the converter, this means that math left I o right math equals 0 for no output current, and 1 for the maximum current the converter can ... more details
In telecommunication , the term facsimile converter has the following meanings 1. In a facsimile receiver , a device that changes the Signalling telecommunication signal modulation from frequency shift keying FSK to amplitude modulation AM . 2. In a facsimile transmitter , a device that changes the signal modulation from amplitude modulation AM to frequency shift keying FSK . References FS1037C MS188 Category Communication circuits telecomm stub ... more details
The tap converter is a variation on the cycloconverter , invented in 1981 by New York City electrical engineer Melvin Sandler and perfected in 1982 through 1984 by graduate students Mariusz Wrzesniewski, Bruce David Wilner, and Eddie Fung. Whereas the cycloconverter switches among a variety of staggered input phases to piece together an extremely jagged output signal, the tap converter synthesizes a much smoother signal by switching among a variety of obviously synchronized transformer output taps. Tap positions Both linear spacing and power of two style Vernier scale Vernier spacing can be employed in establishing the tap positions, e.g. , a four tap transformer can provide taps at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 linear or 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 Vernier . The limitations of the Vernier&mdash in this case, that the maximum obtainable amplitude is 0.9375&mdash are less discernible as more taps are added. Scott transformer By employing a Scott T transformer Scott transformer input connection, in order to provide a quadrature phase , an even smoother output waveform can be obtained. Prototypes Prototypes of the device were constructed and field tested under a variety of conditions&mdash nominally as a variable speed constant frequency VSCF power source for military aircraft&mdash and ornate computer model s were constructed for exploring more ornery see talk page considerations, such as Electric flux flux leakage, hysteresis , and practical thyristor characteristics. All of this work was performed at New York s Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art . Applications As of 2007, the tap converter remains uncommercialized but is used in several military applications due to the minimal output Harmonics electrical power harmonics . See also Constant speed drive Electric motor Variable frequency drive References references Unreferenced date January 2008 Category Electronic circuits Category Electrical power conversion Category Electrical engineering ... more details
A phase converter is a device that converts electric power provided as Single phase electric power single phase to Polyphase system multiple phase or vice versa. The majority of phase converters are used to produce three phase electric power from a single phase source, thus allowing the operation of three phase equipment at a site that only has single phase electrical service. Phase converters are used where three phase service is not available from the utility, or is too costly to install due to a remote location. A utility will generally charge a higher fee for a three phase service because of the extra equipment for transformers and metering and the extra transmission wire. Conversion systems Three phase induction motors may operate adequately on an unbalanced supply if not heavily loaded. This allows various imperfect techniques to be used. A single phase motor can drive a three phase generator, which will produce a high quality three phase source but with high cost for apparatus. Several methods exist to run three phase motors from a single phase supply, these can in general be classified as Electronic means of creating three phase where the incoming power is rectified, and the three phase power is synthesized with electronics. Power electronic devices directly produce a three phase waveform from single phase power, using a rectifier and inverter electrical inverter combination. This also offers the advantage of variable frequency. A digital phase converter uses a rectifier and inverter to create a single voltage with power electronics, which is added to the two legs of the single phase source to create three phase power. Unlike a phase converting VFD, it cannot vary ... voltage balance between the phases. Rotary phase converter s constructed from a three phase electric ... Motor Operated From a Single Phase Power Supply and Phase Converter . Otto J. M. Smith ref Each of the above ... phase converter Variable frequency drive Digital phase converter Scott T transformer References references ... more details
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