Image caduco.jpg thumb 400px Asexualreproduction in Marchantiophyta liverworts a dehiscence botany caducous leaf phylloid germinating Asexualreproduction is a mode of reproduction by which offspring ... which is reproduction without the fusion of gamete s. Asexualreproduction is the primary form of reproduction ... author Dawson KJ title The Advantage of AsexualReproduction When is it Two fold? journal Journal ... Engelst dter cite journal author Engelst dter J title Constraints on the evolution of asexualreproduction ... reproduction Main Vegetative reproduction Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexualreproduction ... in plant sporophyte s and algae might be considered a form of asexualreproduction agamogenesis despite ... Main Fragmentation reproduction Fragmentation is a form of asexualreproduction where a new organism ... of the embryo are derived entirely from pollen . The term apomixis is also used for asexualreproduction in some animals, notably water fleas, Daphnia . Alternation between sexual and asexualreproduction ... and asexualreproduction. For example, the slime mold Dictyostelium undergoes binary fission mitosis ... modes of reproduction from sexual to asexual under varying environmental conditions. ref name ReekieBazzaz2005 ... October 2005 publisher Academic Press isbn 9780120883868 pages 99 ref Inheritance of asexualreproduction in sexual species For example, in the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus asexualreproduction obligate ... ref Inheritance of asexualreproduction by a single recessive locus has also been found in the parasitoid ... with WW sex chromosomes. Polyembryony is a widespread form of asexualreproduction in animals, whereby ... to suggest that asexualreproduction has allowed the animals to evolve new proteins through ..., regard evidence for long periods of asexualreproduction in multicellular species with skepticism ... m0030820.html Asexualreproduction http www.tulane.edu wiser protozoology notes intes.html Intestinal Protozoa Use dmy dates date October 2010 DEFAULTSORT AsexualReproduction Category Reproduction ... more details
Asexualreproduction in starfish takes place by Fragmentation reproduction fission or through autotomy of arms. In fission, the central disc breaks into two pieces and each portion then regenerates the missing parts. In autotomy, an arm is shed which continues to live independently as a comet , eventually growing a new disc and further arms. Only certain Genus genera of starfish are able to reproduce in these ways. ref name HS Fission File Coscinasterias tenuispina Linosa 209.jpg thumb right Coscinasterias tenuispina Fissiparity in the starfish family Asteriidae is confined to the genera Coscinasterias , Stephanasterias and Sclerasterias . ref name Fisher Cite journal doi 10.2307 1536659 issn 0006 3185 volume 48 issue 3 pages 171 175 last Fisher first W. K. title AsexualReproduction in the Starfish, Sclerasterias journal Biological Bulletin accessdate 2011 09 28 date 1925 03 01 jstor 1536659 url http www.biolbull.org cgi reprint 48 3 171.pdf ref A dense population of Stephanasterias albula was studied at North Lubec, Maine . All the individuals were fairly small, with arm lengths not exceeding 18mm 0.8in , but no juveniles were found, suggesting that there had been no recent larval recruitment and that this species may be obligately fissiparous. Fission seemed to take place only in the spring and summer and for any individual, occurred once a year or once every two years. ref cite journal author Mladenov, Philip V., Sally F. Carson1, Charles W. Walker year 1986 title Reproductive ecology of an obligately fissiparous population of the sea star Stephanasterias albula Stimpson ... title Sexual and asexualreproduction of Coscinasterias tenuispina Echinodermata Asteroidea from ... in this way is lost. ref name Fisher Autotomy as a means of asexualreproduction History Writing ... title Notes on some problems of adaptation, 2. On the temporal relations of asexual propagation and gametic reproduction in Coscinasterias tenuispina with a note on the direction of progression and the significance ... more details
1 cm 0.4 in tall. The concept of individual is obviously stretched by this asexual reproductive process. Reproduction or procreation is the biological process by which new offspring individual organism s are produced from their parents . Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction. The known methods of reproduction are broadly grouped into two main types Sexual reproduction sexual and asexualreproductionasexual . In asexualreproduction, an individual can reproduce without involvement with another individual of that species. The division of a bacteria l cell into two daughter cells is an example of asexualreproduction. Asexualreproduction is not, however, limited to unicellular organism single celled organisms ... is thought to reproduce entirely by asexual means. Sexual reproduction typically requires the involvement of two individuals or gamete s, one each from opposite type of sex . Asexualreproduction Main AsexualreproductionAsexualreproduction is the process by which an organism creates a genetically ... exchange genetic information by bacterial conjugation conjugation . Other ways of asexualreproduction ... . This is more associated with R K selection theory K strategists . Asexual vs. sexual reproduction Organisms that reproduce through asexualreproduction tend to grow in number exponentially. However ... factors are favorable, asexualreproduction is employed to exploit suitable conditions for survival ..., since it requires far more energy than asexualreproduction and diverts the organisms from other ... argued that asexualreproduction, which produces little or no genetic variety in offspring, was like ... asexualreproduction does not produce genetic variations, there is little ability to quickly ... that asexualreproduction is more prevalent in unstable environments, the opposite of what it predicts ... AsexualReproduction http www.biolreprod.org Journal of Biology of Reproduction ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Asexual Colony or Antiope is the first in the novel series Everlasting Antiquity by Hikmet Temel Akarsu . The novel, which sets the scene both in today and in the ancient Amazonian age, depicts a feminist formation brought together by Rana an Amazonian heroine. The war between this Amazonian formation who reside in pastoral scenes and the armies explores the pros and cons of the feminist movement. Category 2002 novels Category Novels by Hikmet Temel Akarsu Category Novels set in South America 2000s novel stub ... more details
Wiktionarypar reproductionReproduction may mean Reproduction , the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced Asexualreproduction , where an organism creates a copy of itself there is no genetic contribution from another organism Sexual reproduction , where two organisms contribute genetic material in the creation of a new individual organism Self replication , mechanical, memetic and other form of self replication Reproduction economics , in Marxian economics, recurrent or cyclical processes by which the initial conditions necessary for economic activity to occur are constantly re created Reproduction album , a 1979 album by British electronic band The Human League Reproductions album , a 2007 album by singer Charlotte Martin Reproducibility Sound reproduction , audio recording and replay Reproduction Auto parts , remanufacturing of obsolete automotive spares See also Copy disambiguation disambig es Reproducci n desambiguaci n fr Reproduction gl Reproduci n hom nimos nl Reproductie pt Reprodu o desambigua o ro Reproducere dezambiguizare sq Riprodhimi simple Reproduction disambiguation sk Reprodukcia sv Reproduktion ... more details
Fission in Convolutriloba longifissura asexualreproduction in acoelous turbellarians revisited ... Matranga title Stem Cells in Marine Organisms chapter Stem Cells in AsexualReproduction of Marine ... of this process of reproduction As this process is a form of asexualreproduction, it does not produce ... to mechanical disturbances see the section on Lichen Reproduction and dispersal reproduction in lichens . Plants Fragmentation is a very common type of vegetative reproduction in plant s. Many tree ... propagation, not cladoptosis, permits dispersive, clonal reproduction of riparian cottonwoods. Forest ... coral Acropora palmata Lamarck growth, survivorship, and reproduction of colonies and fragments ... Category Reproduction bg ca Fragmentaci cs Fragmentace biologie es ... more details
Plant reproduction is the production of new individuals or offspring in plant s, which can be accomplished by sexual or asexual means. Sexual reproduction produces offspring by the fusion of gamete s, resulting in offspring genetically different from the parent or parents. Asexualreproduction produces ... seed , which is used as an agent of dispersal. Asexualreproduction Plants have two main types of asexualreproduction in which new plants are produced that are genetically identical cloning clone s of the parent individual. Vegetative reproduction involves a vegetative piece of the original plant ... Chicago isbn 978 0 226 26554 4 pages 359 ref Seeds generated by apomixis are a means of asexualreproduction ... Citrus Citrus and Kentucky blue grass Poa pratensis all use this form of asexualreproduction. Pseudogamy ... of asexualreproduction The most common form of plant reproduction utilized by people is seeds, but a number ... for sexual reproduction, and in some cases involves seeds. Apomixis occurs in many plant species and also ... . Natural vegetative reproduction is mostly a Biological process process found in herbaceous ... that employ vegetative reproduction do so as a means to perennialize the plants, allowing them to survive ... in a location through vegetative reproduction of individuals constitutes a clonal colony , a single ... colony. The distance that a plant can move during vegetative reproduction is limited, though ... a few growing seasons. In a sense, this process is not one of reproduction but one of survival ... reproduction, the new plants that result are new individuals in almost every respect except genetic. A major disadvantage to vegetative reproduction, is the transmission of pathogens from parent to daughter ... The rhizome is a modified underground stem serving as an organ of vegetative reproduction ... Grass and Nettles . Prostrate aerial stems, called runners or stolon s are important vegetative reproduction ... Basal shoot suckering is the reproduction or regeneration biology regeneration of a plant by shoots ... more details
underground to make two bulbs, each of which produces a flower stem. Vegetative reproduction vegetative propagation , vegetative multiplication , vegetative cloning is a form of asexualreproduction ... , some citrus Citrus and Kentucky blue grass Poa pratensis all use this form of asexualreproduction ... reproduction because normally reproductive parts were involved. They would be considered asexualreproduction however. Vegetative reproduction involves only vegetative structures, i.e. roots, stems or leaves. In Pteridophyte spore bearing plants , apospory is the asexual development of 2n gametophyte .... Image Stem Cutting.jpg thumb 240px right Vegetative reproduction from a stem cutting less than ... is a type of reproduction that does not involve fertilisation . In flowering plants, unfertilized ... s. In a few species such as Kalanchoe Kalancho , leaf leaves are involved in vegetative reproduction. The rhizome is a modified underground stem serving as an organ of vegetative reproduction, e ... runners or stolon s are important vegetative reproduction organs in some species, such as the strawberry ... ground stems and leaves. A form of budding called Basal shoot suckering is the reproduction or regeneration ... Family Rosa . Another type of a vegetative reproduction is the production of bulb s. Plants like ... reproduction is mostly a Biological process process found in herbaceous plant herbaceous and wood ... to vegetative reproduction of a plant. Most plant species that survive and significantly expand by vegetative reproduction would be perennial almost by definition, since specialized organs of vegetative reproduction, like seeds of annuals, serve to survive season ally harsh conditions. A plant that persists in a location through vegetative reproduction of individuals over a long period of time constitutes a clonal colony . In a sense, this process is not one of reproduction but one of survival ... reproduction, the new plants that result are new individuals in almost every respect except ... more details
reproduction, because the mechanics are similar. Evolutionary thought proposes several explanations for why sexual reproduction developed out of former asexualreproduction. It may be due to selection ... Asexualreproduction Biological reproduction Evolution of sexual reproduction Hermaphroditism Isogamy ...Sexual reproduction is the creation of a new organism by combining the Genetics genetic material of two organisms. There are two main processes during sexual reproduction they are meiosis , involving the halving ... recombination . The evolution of sexual reproduction is a major puzzle. The first fossil ized evidence ... 0094 8373 2000 026 0386 BPNGNS 2.0.CO 2 ref Sexual reproduction is the primary method of reproduction ... environment through sexual recombination than parthenogenesis allows. Also, sexual reproduction ... reproduction, meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced from a diploid number 2n to a haploid ... number of chromosomes 2n is restored. Plants main Plant reproduction Animals typically produce ... on land and they reproduce by sexual and asexual means. Often their most distinguishing feature is their reproductive ... plants like fern s, moss and Marchantiophyta liverwort s use other means of sexual reproduction ... s, hornwort s and moss es, reproduce both sexually and Vegetative reproduction vegetatively . They are small ... and need water to facilitate sexual reproduction. These plants start as a haploid spore that grows ... of sexual reproduction they employ. The outcome of sexual reproduction most often is the production ... three phases in the sexual reproduction of fungi plasmogamy , karyogamy and meiosis. Insects ... insect species use sex for reproduction, though some species are facultatively parthenogenetic ... Guinea , lay egg biology egg s. They have one opening for excretion and reproduction called the cloaca ... Reproduction Anna King 2001. webpage note shows code, html extension omitted ref . The penis ... Reproduction Bot generated title ref some species lay their eggs on a substrate like a rock or on plants ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Digital reproduction is one form of data reproduction which is based on the digital data model. The advantage of digital reproduction of data over analogue reproduction is its lossless quality. Reproducing analogue data is inherently lossy , because every electronic component involved in any analogue reproduction process can introduce noise to the final result. Compare analogue processing to digital processing . DEFAULTSORT Digital Reproduction Category Digital technology Tech stub ... more details
Social reproduction is a sociological term referring to processes which sustain or perpetuate characteristics of a given social structure or tradition over a period of time. See also Cultural reproduction Uncategorized date April 2012 es Reproducci n social ... more details
Biology of Reproduction is a peer reviewed academic journal , and the official journal of the Society for the Study of Reproduction . It is published with the assistance of HighWire Press . External links official http www.biolreprod.org ISSN 0006 3363 eISSN 1529 7268 Category Developmental biology journals biology journal stub ... more details
Italic title Infobox Journal title Reproduction formernames Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Reviews of Reproduction cover editor discipline Reproductive medicine abbreviation Reproduction publisher BioScientifica on behalf of the Society for Reproduction and Fertility country United Kingdom frequency Monthly history 1960 present openaccess license impact 3.073 impact year 2008 website http www.reproduction online.org link1 link1 name link2 link2 name RSS atom JSTOR OCLC 45662873 LCCN 2001245725 CODEN RCUKBS ISSN 1470 1626 eISSN 1741 7899 Reproduction is a Peer review peer reviewed medical journal covering reproductive biology . Its focus is on cell biology cellular and molecular biology of reproduction, including the development of gamete s and early embryo s in all species developmental processes such as cellular differentiation cell differentiation , morphogenesis and related regulatory mechanisms in normal and disease models assisted reproductive technology assisted reproductive technologies in model systems and in a clinical environment and reproductive endocrinology and infertility reproductive endocrinology , reproductive immunology immunology , and reproductive endocrinology and infertility physiology . Emerging topics including cloning , the biology of embryonic stem cell embryonic stem cells , environmental effects on reproductive potential and health, and epigenetics epigenetic effects on reproductive and developmental processes are also covered. History The journal was established in 1960 as the official journal of the Society for Reproduction and Fertility under the name Journal of Reproduction and Fertility ISSN 0022 4251 . It obtained its current name in 2001 when it was merged with Reviews of Reproduction , a journal that was published by the Society for Reproduction and Fertility from 1996 2000 ISSN 1359 6004 . ref name about cite web url http www.reproduction online.org misc about.shtml title Reproduction About Reproduction format work accessdate ... more details
In telecommunication , the term reproduction speed has the following meanings In Fax facsimile systems, the rate at which recorded Copying copy is produced. The reproduction speed is usually expressed a as the area of recorded copy produced per unit time , such as square meters per second or b as the number of pages per minute. In duplicating equipment, the rate at which copies are made. The reproduction speed is usually expressed in pages per minute. References FS1037C MS188 Category Telecommunications telecomm term stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Main Reproductive technology Artificial reproduction is the creation of new life by other than the natural means available to an organism . Examples include artificial insemination , in vitro fertilization , cloning and embryonic splitting, or cleavage embryo cleavage . Cutting plants stems and placing them in compost is also a form of artificial reproduction. See Also Male Pregnancy Artificial Uterus In Vitro Fertilization Fertilization Pregnancy DEFAULTSORT Artificial Reproduction Category Reproduction Biology stub ar zh ... more details
Dog Gestation Calculator Canine Gestation Calculator Dog nav DEFAULTSORT Canine Reproduction Category Dog breeding Category Dog health Reproduction Category Dogs Category Reproduction de ... more details
Reproduction fees are charged by image collections for the right to reproduce images in publications. This is not the same as a copyright fee, but is charged separately, as is the cost of the provision of the image. It can be charged where an image is out of copyright, and reflects the possession of the image by a collection. Image collection charges vary according to the media books, magazines, TV, Internet etc. , and print run. Some charge a lower fee for not for profit publications. In the case of the Web, none appear to grant use in perpetuity, but for small blocks of time &mdash 3 months, 6 months, etc. Some institutions employ specialist firms to administer their copyrights and reproduction fees. In recent years the money asked per image can be so great as to make the publication of limited market topics un viable, by the time the other production costs are factored in. This is likely to have a deleterious effect on the future health of specialist academic publishing world wide. The expansion of public domain image resources appear to be the way of overcoming this problem. On the other hand the fees can help a collection to balance its finances. See also The court case Bridgeman Art Library Ltd. v. Corel Corporation established that exact photographic copies of public domain works of art are not copyright able under United States law . External links Elaine M. Stainton http www.indiana.edu aah vol2 iss1.html Photo Reproduction Fees and Designations Three Modest Proposals concerning fine art reproduction fees Category Stock photography ... more details
Cleanup date April 2008 Cultural reproduction is the transmission of existing cultural values and norms ... University of Canterbury New Zealand, 1997 ref Cultural reproduction refers to the mechanisms by which continuity of cultural experience is sustained across time. Cultural reproduction often results in social reproduction, or the process of transferring aspects of society such as class from generation ... are among the main mechanisms of cultural reproduction, and do not operate solely through what is taught ..., 1997 ref Reproduction as it is applied to culture, is the process by which aspects of culture are passed ... taking with them certain cultural norms and traditions. For centuries cultural reproduction has occurred ... a process known as socialization . Methods of Cultural Reproduction The method through which cultural reproduction is perpetuated varies by the socializing agent s relative location, awareness, and intention ... forces of cultural reproduction. ref name ReferenceB Gray, Ann, and Jim McGuigan, eds. Studying Culture ... Education as an agent of cultural reproduction Bourdieu s theory of cultural reproduction ref Bourdieu,Pierre and Jean Claude Passeron, 1990 Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture, Sage ... reproduction entails three fundamental propositions 1 parental cultural capital is inherited by children ... are a major mechanism of social reproduction in advanced capitalist societies. The concept of education as an agent of cultural reproduction is argued to be less directly explained by the material ... I. Butler and Karen L. Robson, Reassessing the Role of Education in Social Reproduction The Impact of School ... consensus as the exact role of education within cultural reproduction and further to what degree ... and opportunities. ref Reproduction The Role of Cultural Factors and Educational Mediators, Kathleen ... force. Further it establishes an acceptance to the reproduction of submissive attitude to the established ... the same system upon each successive generation. History The concept of cultural reproduction ... more details
In the theory of photography , tone reproduction is the mapping of scene luminance and color to print reflectance or display device display luminance , ref cite book title Imaging Processes and Materials author John Sturge, Vivian Walworth, and Allan Shepp publisher John Wiley and Sons year 1989 isbn 0471290858 url http books.google.com ?id dwv4w0OE QIC&pg RA1 PA449&dq 22tone reproduction curve 22 luminance reflectance ref with the aim of subjectively properly reproducing brightness and brightness ... Reproduction, with a Graphic Method for the Solution of Problems author L. A. Jones volume 190 issue ... books.google.com ?id t UGAAAAYAAJ&pg PA39&dq photography tone reproduction doi 10.1016 S0016 0032 20 92118 X ref The reproduction of color scenes in black and white tones is one of the long time concerns ... ?id C s6AAAAMAAJ&pg PA183&dq tone rendering print ref A tone reproduction curve is often ... reproduction, and between accurate and preferred tone reproduction, have long been recognized. Many ... form the overall tone reproduction curve the Jones diagram was developed as a way to illustrate ... Reproduction of Tone author L. A. Jones journal Journal of the Optical Society of America ...&pg PA232&dq photographic reproduction of tone brightness tone reflecting illumination tones ref ref ... http books.google.com ?id BRYa6Qpsw48C&pg PA236&dq objective subjective luminance tone reproduction ... reproduction curve. The exposure of the paper is sometimes modified in the darkroom by dodging and or burning in , further complicating the overall tone reproduction, usually helping to map a wider ... sensor s tend to be nearly linear, but these nonlinear tone reproduction characteristics are emulated ..., a tone reproduction curve is applied to a desired output referred luminance value, for example ... 22tone reproduction curve 22 22dot gain 22 ref Dot based printing methods have a finite native dot size ... substrate . A tone reproduction curve is applied to the electronic image prior to printing, so that the reflectance ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Reproduction Type Album Artist The Human League Cover Human League Reproduction.jpg Released October 1979 Recorded Workshop Studio, Sheffield, 1979 Genre Electronic music Electronic br New Wave music New Wave br Industrial music Industrial Length 43 10 Label Virgin Records Virgin Producer Colin Thurston Last album This album Reproduction br 1979 Next album Holiday 80 br 1980 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 3 5 ref cite web url Allmusic class album id r9613 pure url yes title Reproduction Human League publisher Allmusic ref Reproduction is the debut album released by British synthpop band The Human League . The album was released in October 1979 through Virgin Records . Reproduction contains nine tracks of electronic music synthpop with some elements of industrial music , and was recorded during six weeks at The Human League s studio in Sheffield . The recordings were produced by Colin Thurston , who had previously worked on some key new wave recordings such as Iggy Pop s Lust for Life song Lust for Life and the first Magazine band Magazine album, and would go on to produce numerous hit albums of the 1980s, most notably for Duran Duran . The album was a commercial failure upon its initial release in October 1979, but it was re issued and charted almost two years later in August 1981, earning a Silver disc by the end of the year and peaking at no.34 in early 1982. The album spent a total of 23 weeks on the album chart and was later certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry BPI in 1988. The only single released from the album was Empire State Human which initially failed to chart, but was re released in June ... release of Reproduction , but was added as an extra track on all CD issues from the late 1980s ... web url http www.chartstats.com release.php?release 39677 title The Human League Reproduction publisher ... Thurston Category Virgin Records albums ca Reproduction sv Reproduction ... more details
Marxism In Marxian economics , economic reproduction refers to recurrent or cyclical processes by which ... Economic reproduction involves physical production and distribution of goods and services, the trade ..., money and commodities in the second volume of Das Kapital , to show how the reproduction process ... between simple reproduction and expanded or enlarged reproduction . ref Karl Marx , Capital, Volume ... economic theory to contracted reproduction , meaning production on a smaller and smaller scale, in which ... Reproduction and growth of the national income , p. 331. See also Joseph Tainter et al., The Collapse of Complex Societies . Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1990. ref Reproduction in this case continues ... activity, economic reproduction contrasts with equilibrium economics, because economic reproduction ... result, the yield of capital upon investment. In Marx s view, economic reproduction ... Press, 2003. ref the reproduction and growth of the total population, including procreation and childrearing ... Capitalism . Women s Press, 1980. ref the reproduction, enforcement and maintenance of social relations ... and reproduction of trading and distribution relations the systems, institutions and organizations ... is that these reproduction processes are accomplished primarily via the intermediary of commercial trade they are mediated by the market. Reproduction on a larger and larger scale becomes conditional ... collective conditions for the reproduction and maintenance of society which individuals and private ... State . Cambridge Polity 2002. ref Ecologists would nowadays probably add as a reproduction ... policies, environmental policies etc. Economic reproduction in capitalism According to Marx, in a capitalist society economic reproduction is conditional on capital accumulation . ref Karl Marx , Capital ..., chapter 21. ref If workers fail to produce more capital, economic reproduction begins to break down. Therefore, economic reproduction in capitalist society is necessarily expanded reproduction and requires ... more details
Human reproduction is any form of sexual reproduction resulting in the Human fertilisation conception of a child , typically involving sexual intercourse between a man and a woman. During intercourse, the interaction between the Male reproductive system human male and Female reproductive system human female reproductive systems results in fertilization of the woman s ovum by the man s sperm , which after a gestation period is followed by childbirth . The fertilization of the ovum may nowadays be achieved by artificial insemination methods, which do not involve sexual intercourse. Anatomy See Human reproductive system The human male details Male reproductive system human The male reproductive system contains two main divisions the testicle testes where sperm are produced, and the penis . In humans, both of these organs are outside the abdominal cavity . Having the testes outside the abdomen facilitates temperature regulation of the sperm, which require specific temperatures to survive about 2 3 C less than the normal body temperature i.e. 37 C. If the testicles remain too close to the body, it is likely that the increase in temperature will harm the spermatozoa formation, making conception more difficult. This is why the testes are carried in an external pouch viz. scrotum rather than ... is flushed out of the system through menstrual cycle menstruation . Process Human reproduction begins ... of contraceptives such as condoms . Sexual intercourse Main Human sexual intercourse Human reproduction ... Sexual Reproduction in Humans. 2006. John W. Kimball. Kimball s Biology Pages, and online textbook. ref Political and social There are groups promoting more human reproduction and those who think reproduction ought to be limited. Natalism promotes reproduction, while anti natalism promotes birth control as a solution to overpopulation and its effects. See also Human Reproduction journal Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences References reflist Category Reproduction cs Rozmno ov n ... more details
RM, Vande Wiele RL eds . Biorhythms and Human Reproduction. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1974, pp ... function and the recognition of pregnancy in higher primates. In Knobil E ed . The Physiology of Reproduction ... and Behavior, 29, 42 58 ref . References Reflist Category Endocrinology Category Reproduction ... more details
Dinosaur reproduction was sexual, with newborns hatching from eggs. Medullary bone A discovery of features in a Tyrannosaurus Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton recently provided more evidence that dinosaurs and birds evolved from a common ancestor and, for the first time, allowed paleontologists to establish the sex of a dinosaur. When laying eggs, female birds grow a special type of bone between the hard outer bone and the Bone marrow marrow of their limbs. This medullary bone, which is rich in calcium , is used to make eggshells. The presence of endosteally derived bone tissues lining the interior marrow cavities of portions of the Tyrannosaurus rex specimen s hind limb suggested that T. rex used similar reproductive strategies, and revealed the specimen to be female. ref name schweitzeretal2005 Further research has found medullary bone in the theropod Allosaurus and the ornithopod Tenontosaurus . Because the line of dinosaurs that includes Allosaurus and Tyrannosaurus diverged from the line that led to Tenontosaurus very early in the evolution of dinosaurs, this suggests that dinosaurs in general produced medullary tissue. Medullary bone has been found in specimens of sub adult size, which suggests that dinosaurs reached sexual maturity rather quickly for such large animals. ref name LW08 Ornithopod reproduction Hadrosaur reproduction In the Dinosaur Park Formation File Gryposaurus BW.jpg thumb right 150px The head of Gryposaurus notabilis . In 2001 Darren H. Tanke and M. K. Brett Surman reviewed and described eggshell and hatchling material from the Dinosaur Park Formation of Dinosaur Provincial Park . ref name hadro egg abs 206 Eggshell is rare in the Park, being present in only two microfossil sites, both of which are predominated by the preserved shells of invertebrate life. ref name hadro egg abs 206 The survival of hadrosaur eggshell fragments in the presence of these invertebrate shells may be result of calcium in the invertebrate shells buffering contemporary acidic ... more details
, who noted the existence of species which are capable of both asexualreproductionasexual and sexual reproduction . These species time their sexual reproduction with periods of environmental uncertainty ... that the individuals produced by sexual and asexualreproduction may differ in other respects ... . Sexual reproduction is believed to be more efficient than asexualreproduction in removing those ... ref See also Wikipedia books Sex Asexualreproduction Biological reproduction Epistasis Genetic ...The evolution of sexual reproduction is currently described by several competing scientific hypotheses ... pmid 21470960 pmc 3125724 ref Many protist s sexual reproduction reproduce sexually , as do the multicellular ..., yet distinct, themes its Origin of sexual reproduction origin and its maintenance . However, since ... been focused on the maintenance of sexual reproduction. It seems that a sexual cycle is maintained because ... possible reasons this might happen. First, sexual reproduction can bring together two ... benefit for sexual reproduction. Lastly, sex creates new gene combinations that may be more ... reproduction is maintained in a vast array of different living organisms. Two fold cost of sex ... size each generation, where the b asexual population doubles in size each generation. In most multicellular ... young with the exception of simultaneous hermaphrodite s . In an asexual species, each member of the population is capable of bearing young. This implies that an asexual population has an intrinsic ... an asexual mutant arising in a sexual population, half of which comprises males that cannot themselves produce offspring. With female only offspring, the asexual lineage doubles its representation ... advantage to sexual reproduction. ref name Williams George C. Williams Sex and Evolution 1975 ... reproduction is that a sexually reproducing organism will only be able to pass on 50 of its ... 1995 Penguin. ref This, however, conflates sex and reproduction which are two separate events. The two ... more details
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