Initiative for Open Authentication OATH is an industry wide collaboration to develop an open reference architecture using open standard s to promote the adoption of strong authentication . It has close to thirty coordinating and contributing members and is proposing standards for a variety of authentication technologies, with the aim of lowering costs and simplifying their use. See also HOTP Time based One time Password Algorithm TOTP OCRA Challenge Response Algorithms Specification External links http www.openauthentication.org Official site http www.openauthentication.org members List of OATH members Category Computer security organizations Category Computer access control computer security stub crypto stub it Initiative For Open Authentication nl Initiative for Open Authentication ... more details
Form based authentication is a term of art in the context of World Wide Web Web and Internet based online networked computer systems. In general, it refers to the notion of a user computing user being presented with an editable form web form to fill in and submit in order to login to some system or service. However, the term is actually ambiguous in that the notion of using some sort of displayed form document form in which one enters credential information, is a technique that is not unique to the Web. As the term is often used, it strongly implies default employment of HTTP and HTML or XHTML as part of the technique. This particular technique is specifically discussed in the article HTTP HTML form based authentication . A defining characteristic of the general notion of form based authentication , as it is commonly used, is that the credential prompting and subsequent credential conveyance is conducted out of band relative to the transfer protocol computing protocol employed between the client computing client and server computing server . For example, in the case of HTTP HTML form based authentication , the authentication features built into HTTP itself are not used. Rather, the prompting information, e.g., username and password , are conveyed, opaquely to HTTP itself, as just HTML or XHTML code < FORM> code data. Similarly, the submitted credentials are conveyed simply as part of submitted code < FORM> code data. Note that in the case of the common login prompt one ... instance of form based authentication . Further characteristics and implications of the general notion of form based authentication, as the term is commonly employed, are that it is inherently ... e.g. Transport Layer Security TLS , the client typically is not made explicitly aware of the authentication mechanism being employed by the server nor the level of assurance that the authentication mechanism features. See also Authentication Basic access authentication Digest access authentication ... more details
Refimprove date April 2008 Cleanup date April 2008 Pre Boot Authentication PBA or Power On Authentication POA ref name autogenerated2 cite news url http www.networkworld.com news 2010 080210 sophos brings enterprise level encryption to.html?source nww rss title Sophos brings enterprise level encryption to the Mac publisher Network World date August 2, 2010 accessdate 2010 08 03 ref serves as an extension of the BIOS or boot firmware and guarantees a secure, tamper proof environment external to the operating system as a trusted authentication layer. The PBA prevents anything being read from the hard disk such as the operating system until the user has confirmed he she has the correct password ... Pre Boot Authentication publisher SECUDE date February 21, 2008 accessdate 2008 02 22 ref Benefits of Pre Boot Authentication Full disk encryption outside of the operating system level ref name autogenerated1 Encryption of temporary files Data at rest protection How Pre Boot Authentication Works Generic Boot Sequence Basic Input Output System BIOS Master boot record MBR partition table Pre boot authentication ... authentication layer. The PBA prevents Windows or any other operating system from loading until ... of personal or company data. Pre Boot Authentication Technologies Combinations with Full Disk Encryption Pre Boot Authentication is generally provided by a variety of full disk encryption vendors, but can be installed separately. Some FDE solutions can function without Pre Boot Authentication, such as hardware based full disk encryption . However, without some form of authentication, encryption provides little protection. Authentication Methods The standard complement of authentication methods exist for Pre Boot Authentication including Something you know i.e. username password Something you ... Pre Boot Authentication Category Computer access control Category Computer security de Pre Boot Authentication ... more details
In computing , the Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol CHAP authentication authenticates a user or network host to an authenticating entity. That entity may be, for example, an Internet service provider . CHAP is specified in RFC 1994. CHAP provides protection against playback attack by the peer through the use of an incrementally changing identifier and of a variable challenge value. CHAP requires that both the client and server know the plaintext of the secret, although it is never sent over the network. The MS CHAP variant does not require either peer to know the plaintext, but has other drawbacks. Working Cycle CHAP is an authentication scheme used by Point to Point Protocol Point to Point Protocol PPP servers to validate the identity of remote clients. CHAP periodically verifies the identity of the client computing client by using a Handshaking three way handshake . This happens ... calculation of the expected hash value. If the values match, the authenticator acknowledges the authentication ... title Understanding and Configuring PPP CHAP Authentication publisher Cisco Systems Cisco tech note year 2005 accessdate 2011 08 14 ref See also List of authentication protocols Password Authentication ... Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol CHAP RFC 2865 Remote Authentication Dial In User Service RADIUS uses Password authentication protocol PAP or CHAP RFC 3748 Extensible Authentication Protocol Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP discusses CHAP Category Internet protocols Category Password authentication Category Computer access control protocols cs Challenge handshake authentication protocol de Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol el Challenge handshake authentication protocol es CHAP eu CHAP fr Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol it Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol nl Challenge handshake authentication protocol ja Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol pl Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol ru CHAP zh CHAP ... more details
refimprove date May 2011 Pluggable authentication modules PAM are a mechanism to integrate multiple low level authentication schemes into a high level application programming interface API . It allows programs that rely on authentication to be written independent of the underlying authentication scheme. PAM was first proposed by Sun Microsystems in an Open Software Foundation Request for Comments RFC 86.0 dated October 1995. It was adopted as the authentication framework of the Common Desktop Environment . As a stand alone infrastructure, PAM first appeared from an open source, Linux PAM, development in Red Hat Linux 3.0.4 in August 1996. PAM is currently supported in the AIX operating system , DragonFly BSD , ref http leaf.dragonflybsd.org cgi web man?command pam§ion ANY PAM manual page of DragonFly BSD ref FreeBSD , HP UX , Linux , Mac OS X , NetBSD and Solaris operating system Solaris ... reasons, OpenBSD has chosen to adopt BSD Authentication , which is an alternative authentication framework, originally from BSD OS . Criticisms of PAM Despite PAM being part of the X ... www.eyrie.org eagle software pam krb5 PAM KRB5 ref See also BSD Authentication Identity management Java Authentication and Authorization Service Linux PAM Name Service Switch OpenPAM Single sign on References ... http www.linuxjournal.com article 2120 Pluggable Authentication Modules for Linux http www.informit.com articles article.aspx?p 20968 Making the Most of Pluggable Authentication Modules PAM Authentication APIs Category Open Group standards Category Unix authentication related software Category Computer ... interfaces security software stub cs Pluggable Authentication Modules de Pluggable Authentication Modules es Pluggable Authentication Modules fr Pluggable Authentication Modules it Pluggable authentication modules pl Pluggable Authentication Modules pt Pluggable Authentication Modules ru Pluggable Authentication Modules ... more details
Internet Authentication Service IAS is a component of Windows Server operating systems that provides centralized user AAA protocol authentication, authorization and accounting . Overview While Routing and Remote Access Service RRAS security is sufficient for small networks, larger companies often need a dedicated infrastructure for authentication. RADIUS is a standard for dedicated authentication servers. Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 include the Internet Authentication Service IAS , an implementation of RADIUS server. IAS supports authentication for Windows based clients, as well as for third party clients that adhere to the RADIUS standard. IAS stores its authentication information in Active Directory , and can be managed with Remote Access Policies. IAS first showed up for Windows ... over the standard methods of RRAS authentication. These advantages include centralized authentication ... Authentication Service IAS . NPS performs all of the functions of IAS in Windows Server 2003 for VPN ... Authentication Service was included with the Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack. Windows 2000 Server s implementation ... library bb742380.aspx Internet Authentication Service for Windows 2000 ref It also added support for EAP Authentication for IEEE 802.1x networks. Later on it added PEAP with service Pack 4 . Windows Server ... forest authentication for Active Directory user accounts in other Forests that the IAS server s Forest ... a feature in IAS since NT4 , support for IEEE 802.1X port based authentication, and other features. ref ... External links http www.microsoft.com ias Internet Authentication Service on Microsoft TechNet http technet.microsoft.com en us library cc783725 WS.10 .aspx Deploying Internet Authentication Service IAS in Windows 2003 http technet.microsoft.com en us library cc977950.aspx Internet Authentication ... 1035 6148560.html How to self sign a RADIUS server for secure PEAP or EAP TTLS authentication http ... Category Computer access control es Internet Authentication Service ru Internet Authentication Service ... more details
Secure Password Authentication SPA is a proprietary Microsoft protocol used to authenticate Microsoft email clients with an electronic mail server when using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol SMTP , Post Office Protocol POP , or Internet Message Access Protocol IMAP . ref http www.kuro5hin.org ?op displaystory sid 2002 4 28 1436 66154 ref The protocol was based on the Integrated Windows Authentication NTLM authentication scheme. microsoft software stub See also Extended SMTP References reflist Category Microsoft Windows security technology Category Password authentication Category Computer network security ... more details
orphan date July 2009 unreferenced date July 2009 Time based authentication is a special procedure to prove an individual s identity and authenticity on appearance simply by detecting its presence at a scheduled time of day or within a scheduled time interval and on a distinct location. To enable time based authentication, a special combination of objects is required. Firsthand, the individual that applies for being identified and authenticated has to present a sign of identity. Secondly, the individual has to carry at least one human authentication factor that may be recognized on the distinct time and in a certain location. Thirdly, the distinct time must be equipped with a resident means that is capable to determine the appearance or passage or otherwise coincidence of individual at this distinct location. Distinctiveness of locating It makes no sense to define a starting time or a time span without constraints of location. No granting of access is known without defining a distinct location where this access shall be granted. Basic requirement for safe time based authentication is a well defined separation of locations as well as an equally well defined proximity of the applying individual to this location. Applications Time based authentication is a standard procedure to grant access to an area by detecting a person at an entrance an opening the barrier at a certain time. This of course does not limit the presence of the person in the entered area after once passing the barrier. Time based authentication is a standard procedure to get access to a machine, especially a working position with a computer and the functions of this computer within a certain span of time. Such granted access may be automatically terminated. See also Authentication Two factor authentication Location based authentication Real time locating Security token Wireless Category Authentication methods Time based Category Applications of cryptography Category Security ... more details
Regulatory Definition US Federal regulators consistently recognize three authentication factors blockquote Existing authentication methodologies involve three basic factors br Something the user knows ..., biometric characteristic, such as a fingerprint . br Authentication methods that depend on more ... blockquote True multi factor authentication True multi factor authentication requires the use of elements ... of something the user knows is still single factor authentication, despite the use of multiple pieces of distinct information. An example of true multi factor authentication is requiring that the user ... called mutual authentication . The weakest form of mutual authentication generally display an image and or phrase previously selected by the user. More advanced forms of mutual authentication exchange ... based financial services. The FFIEC identified three authentication factors as Something ... the use of authentication methods that depend on more than one of these three factor i.e. multifactor authentication . Note, many vendors have attempted to define multi factor authentication as utilizing .... August 15, 2006 Following the above publication, numerous authentication vendors began improperly promoting challenge questions, secret images, and other knowledge based methods as multi factor authentication ... factor authentication By definition true multifactor authentication requires the use of solutions ... approach, but it would not constitute multifactor authentication. June 22, 2011 On June 22, 2011, the FFIEC ..., Internet protocol address, geo location, and other factors. Supplement to Authentication in an Internet ... use cookie, the authentication of this one time cookie against these fingerprint elements constitutes ... including PC configuration, Internet protocol address, geo location, and other factors. See also AuthenticationAuthentication server Dongle Hardware Security Module Identity management Initiative For Open Authentication Mobile Signature s Mutual authentication Real time locating Real time location ... more details
The Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol LEAP is a proprietary wireless LAN authentication method developed by Cisco Systems . Important features of LEAP are dynamic Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP keys and mutual authentication between a wireless client and a RADIUS server . LEAP allows for clients to reauthenticate frequently upon each successful authentication, the clients acquire a new WEP key with the hope that the WEP keys don t live long enough to be cracked . LEAP may be configured to use TKIP instead of dynamic WEP. Some 3rd party vendors also support LEAP through the Cisco Compatible Extensions Program. ref cite web title Cisco Compatible Extensions Program url http www.cisco.com web partners pr46 pr147 partners pgm concept home.html publisher Cisco accessdate 2008 02 22 ref Security Considerations Cisco LEAP, similar to Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP , has had well known security weaknesses since 2003 involving offline password cracking. ref cite web title Cisco LEAP dictionary password guessing url http xforce.iss.net xforce xfdb 12804 publisher ISS accessdate 2008 03 03 ref LEAP uses a modified version of MS CHAP , an authentication protocol in which user credentials are not strongly protected. Stronger authentication protocols employ a salt cryptography salt to strengthen the credentials against eavesdropping during the authentication process. Cisco s response to the weaknesses of LEAP suggests that network administrators either force users to have stronger, more complicated passwords or move to another authentication protocol also developed by Cisco, EAP FAST , to ensure security. ref cite web title Cisco Security Notice Dictionary Attack on Cisco LEAP Vulnerability url http www.cisco.com warp public 707 cisco sn 20030802 leap.shtml publisher Cisco accessdate 2008 02 22 ref Automated tools like ASLEAP demonstrate the simplicity of getting unauthorized ... networking Category Cisco protocols de Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 CASA is an open source component infrastructure for securely storing credential and other confidential data that can be used for authentication, single sign on SSO and other purposes by users, services and applications on a desktop or server operating system. Features Open Source and part of the SUSE distribution Also available on Windows . Credential service for Enabling applications to single sign On. Leverages the Desktop identity and login for access control. Scalable and fault tolerant. Cross platform support Linux, and Windows . Supports managing multiple identity repositories GKring, KWallet, FireFox Password Manager . Provides a storage vault for credentials and secrets. Supports multiple authentication schemes. Forward compatible. Network Authentication component is token based. Provides the ability for a single point of management for multiple credential stores. Supports session based or presistant storage for credentials. Supports sharing of credentials. Supports linking of credentials among different stores. CASA is Not A Network or desktop login infrastructure. Mechanisms APIs for changing and setting passwords in applications. Application login policy enforcer Novell ships the Common Authentication Service Adapter CASA Pluggable Authentication Modules PAM module with its Linux desktop and server products. In a default installation, the CASA PAM Module Linux module is configured for use with the XDM, GDM, login, and SSH services. Bandit Project CASA http www.bandit project.org index.php Common Authentication Services Adapter CASA Category System administration linux stub ... more details
Java Authentication and Authorization Service , or JAAS , pronounced Jazz , is a Java programming language Java security framework for user centric security to augment the Java code based security. clarify date February 2012 Since Java Virtual Machine Java Runtime Environment 1.4 JAAS has been integrated with the JRE previously JAAS was supplied as an extension library by Sun. JAAS s main goal is to separate the concerns of user authentication so that they may be managed independently. JAAS introduces a new term to the security architecture of the Java platform as an additional layer for the verification. While the former authentication mechanism contained information about where the code originated from and who is the signer of the code snippet, the latter platform adds a marker about who runs the code. By extending the verification vectors JAAS extends the security architecture for Java applications that require authentication and authorization modules. Administration For the system administrator, JAAS consists of two kinds of configuration file .login.conf specifies how to plug vendor supplied login modules into particular applications .policy specifies which identities users or programs are granted which permissions For example, an application may have this login.conf file indicating how different authentication mechanisms are to be run to authenticate the user PetShopApplication ..., checks their response and generates a Subject . See also Pluggable Authentication Modules PAM ... 0913 jaas.html All that JAAS Java World Authentication APIs Category Java platform Category Java APIs Category Computer access control compu prog stub computer security stub ca JAAS cs Java Authentication and Authorization Service de Java Authentication and Authorization Service es JAAS fr Java Authentication and Authorization Service ko JAAS nl Java Authentication and Authorization Service pt Java Authentication and Authorization Service zh JAAS ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Closed loop authentication , as applied to computer network communication, refers to a mechanism whereby one party verifies the purported Digital identity identity of another party by requiring them to supply a copy of a security token token transmitted to the canonical or trusted point of contact for that identity. It is also sometimes used to refer to a system of mutual authentication whereby two parties authenticate one another by signing and passing back and forth a cryptography cryptographically signed cryptographic nonce nonce , each party demonstrating to the other that they control the secret key used to certify their identity. E mail Authentication Main Opt in e mail Closed loop email authentication is useful for simple situations where one party wants to demonstrate control of an email address to another, as a weak form of identity verification. It is not a strong form of authentication in the face of host or network based attacks where an imposter, Chuck, is able to intercept Bob s email, intercepting the Nonce slang and thus masquerading as Bob. A use of closed loop email authentication is used by parties with a shared secret relationship for example, a website and someone with a password to an account on that website , where one party has lost or forgotten the secret and needs to be reminded. The party still holding the secret sends it to the other party at a trusted point of contact. The most common instance of this usage is the lost password feature of many websites, where an untrusted party may request that a copy of an account ... if an email encourages them to do so. Most website authentication systems mitigate this by permitting ... authentication, closed loop authentication is employed before any access is granted to an identified ... as a prelude to spamming or other abusive activities. Closed loop authentication like other types ... Security Authentication Cryptography DEFAULTSORT Closed Loop Authentication Category Computer ... more details
Generic Authentication Architecture GAA is a standard made by 3GPP defined in http www.3gpp.org ftp Specs html info 33919.htm TR 33.919 . Taken from the document blockquote This Technical Report aims to give an overview of the different mechanisms that mobile applications can rely upon for authentication between server and client i.e. the UE . Additionally it provides guidelines related to the use of GAA and to the choice of authentication mechanism in a given situation and for a given application . blockquote Related standards are Generic Bootstrapping Architecture GBA and Support for Subscriber Certificates SSC . External links http www.3gpp.org 3GPP Category Mobile telecommunications standards Category 3rd Generation Partnership Project standards ... more details
Simple Authentication and Security Layer SASL is a Software framework framework for authentication and data security in Internet communications protocol protocol s. It decouples authentication mechanisms from application protocols, in theory allowing any authentication mechanism supported by SASL to be used in any application protocol that uses SASL. Authentication mechanisms can also support proxy authorization , a facility allowing one user to assume the identity of another. They can also provide a data security layer offering data integrity and data confidentiality services. DIGEST MD5 provides an example of mechanisms which can provide a data security layer. Application protocols that support SASL typically also support Transport Layer Security TLS to complement the services offered by SASL. In 1997 John Gardiner Myers wrote the original SASL specification RFC 2222 while at Carnegie Mellon ... authentication is implicit in the context e.g., for protocols already using IPsec or Transport ... HMAC MD5 . Digest access authentication DIGEST MD5 , HTTP Digest compatible challenge response scheme based upon MD5. DIGEST MD5 offers a data security layer. NTLM , an NT LAN Manager authentication mechanism GSSAPI , for Kerberos protocol Kerberos V5 authentication via the Generic Security Services ... Layer Security TLS External links RFC 4422 Simple Authentication and Security Layer SASL obsoletes RFC 2222 RFC 4505 Anonymous Simple Authentication and Security Layer SASL Mechanism obsoletes RFC 2245 ... Sasl Dovecot SASL , an SASL implementation RFC 2831 Using Digest Authentication as a SASL Mechanism ... Internet standards Category Computer access control protocols ca Simple Authentication and Security Layer cs SASL de Simple Authentication and Security Layer es SASL fr Simple Authentication and Security Layer hu Simple Authentication and Security Layer ja Simple Authentication and Security Layer pl Simple Authentication and Security Layer ru Simple Authentication and Security Layer sr GNU SASL ... more details
HTTP Digest access authentication is one of the agreed upon methods a web server can use to negotiate ... the network, which is safer than basic access authentication , which sends plaintext . Technically, digest authentication is an application of MD5 cryptographic hash ing with usage of Cryptographic .... Overview Digest access authentication was originally specified by RFC 2069 An Extension to HTTP Digest Access Authentication . RFC 2069 specifies roughly a traditional digest authentication scheme with security maintained by a server generated Cryptographic nonce nonce value. The authentication ... by RFC 2617 HTTP Authentication Basic and Digest Access Authentication . RFC 2617 introduced a number of optional security enhancements to digest authentication quality of protection qop , nonce ... of MD5 security on digest authentication The MD5 calculations used in HTTP digest authentication ... not incorporate subsequent improvements in authentication systems, such as the development of keyed hash message authentication code HMAC . Although the cryptography cryptographic construction that is used ... as well. So far, however, MD5 collision attacks have not been shown to pose a threat to digest authentication ... attacks. HTTP digest authentication considerations Advantages HTTP digest authentication is designed to be more secure than traditional digest authentication schemes e.g., significantly stronger ... of HTTP digest authentication are The password is not used directly in the digest, but rather HA1 MD5 ... s which otherwise makes e.g. rainbow table s a threat to digest authentication schemes . Server nonce ... server nonce values to prevent reuse. Disadvantages Digest access authentication is intended as a security trade off. It is intended to replace unencrypted HTTP basic access authentication . It is not, however, intended to replace strong authentication protocols, such as Public key cryptography public key or Kerberos protocol Kerberos authentication. In terms of security, there are several drawbacks ... more details
Extensible Authentication Protocol , or EAP , is an authentication framework frequently used in wireless ... 3748, which made RFC 2284 obsolete, and was updated by RFC 5247. EAP is an authentication framework ... as the official authentication mechanisms. Methods EAP is an authentication framework, not a specific authentication mechanism. ref name rfc3748 sec1 It provides some common functions and negotiation of authentication methods called EAP methods. There are currently about 40 different methods defined ... , EAP AKA , Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol LEAP and EAP TTLS . Requirements for EAP methods used in wireless LAN authentication are described in RFC 4017. The standard also describes .... LEAP Main Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol The Lightweight Extensible Authentication ... guide An introduction to LEAP authentication author George Ou date January 11, 2007 url http articles.techrepublic.com.com ..., many other WLAN vendors claim support for LEAP. LEAP uses a modified version of MS CHAP , an authentication ... newer and stronger EAP protocols such as EAP FAST , Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol .... It uses Public Key Infrastructure PKI to secure communication to a RADIUS authentication server or another type of authentication server. So even though EAP TLS provides excellent security, the overhead ... LAN EAP authentication protocol. Although it is rarely deployed, it is still considered one of the most ... be, is what gives EAP TLS its authentication strength and illustrates the classic convenience vs. security ... WEP, or WPA WPA2 enterprise. EAP MD5 differs from other EAP methods in that it only provides authentication of the EAP peer to the EAP server but not mutual authentication. By not providing EAP server authentication, this EAP method is vulnerable to man in the middle attacks. ref cite web title Alternative ... 4764, is an EAP method for mutual authentication and session key derivation using a Pre Shared Key PSK . It provides a protected communication channel when mutual authentication is successful for both ... more details
In the context of an HTTP transaction, basic access authentication is a method for a web browser or other client program to provide a user name and password when making a request. ref cite web last Apache title Authentication, Authorization, and Access Control url http httpd.apache.org docs 1.3 howto auth.html intro accessdate 2011 04 04 ref Before transmission, the user name is append ed with a colon ... access authentication was originally defined in 1996 by RFC 1945 ref cite web last Network Working ... can be found in RFC 2616 Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP 1.1 and RFC 2617 HTTP Authentication Basic and Digest Access Authentication . HTTP 1.1 supports both basic and digest access authentication . Advantages One advantage of the basic access authentication is all web browsers support it. But due ... authentication , was developed in order to replace the basic access authentication and enable credentials ... and system administrators sometimes use basic access authentication, in a trusted network environment ... of basic authentication is that it avoids the double hop authentication problem that can cause problems ... as plaintext and could be intercepted. Existing browsers retain authentication information until ... out of http auth with firefox Logging out of HTTP Authentication with Firefox from Tolaris.com ... and an HTTP server might comprise the following steps the client requests a page that requires authentication ... response code, including the required authentication scheme and the authentication realm at this point, the client will present the authentication realm typically a description of the computer ... it in this example, the server accepts the authentication and the page is returned if the user name ... first request, with no user interaction required. Client request no authentication pre GET private index.html ... See also Digest access authentication Category HTTP Category Computer access control protocols cs Basic access authentication de HTTP Authentifizierung es Autenticaci n de acceso b sica fr HTTP Authentification ... more details
about Central Authentication Service Community Authorization Service Globus toolkit The Central Authentication Service CAS is a single sign on protocol for the World Wide Web web . Its purpose is to permit a user to access multiple applications while providing their credentials such as userid and password only once. It also allows web applications to authenticate users without gaining access to a user s security credentials, such as a password. The name CAS also refers to a software package that implements this protocol. Description The CAS protocol involves at least three parties a client web browser, the web application requesting authentication, and the CAS server . It may also involve a back end service , such as a database server, that does not have its own HTTP interface but communicates with a web application. When the client visits an application desiring to authenticate to it, the application redirects it to CAS. CAS validates the client s authenticity, usually by checking a username and password against a database such as Kerberos protocol Kerberos or Active Directory . If the authentication succeeds, CAS returns the client to the application, passing along a Ticket IT security security ticket . The application then validates the ticket by contacting CAS over a secure connection and providing its own service identifier and the ticket. CAS then gives the application trusted information about whether a particular user has successfully authenticated. CAS allows multi tier authentication via Proxy server proxy address . A cooperating back end service, like a database or mail ... 2.0 introduced multi tier proxy authentication. Several other CAS distributions have been developed ... 29 9 Central Authentication Service CAS consumer provider software for http www.web2py.com web2py ... Access control software security software stub de Central Authentication Service fr Central Authentication Service sv Central authentication service ... more details
PEAP is also an acronym for Personal Egress Air Packs . The Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol , also known as Protected EAP or simply PEAP , is a protocol that encapsulates the Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP within an encrypted and authenticated Transport Layer Security TLS tunneling protocol tunnel . ref Microsoft s PEAP version 0, http tools.ietf.org html draft kamath pppext peapv0 ... only a server side PKI certificate to create a secure TLS tunnel to protect user authentication ... encrypted Transport Layer Security TLS tunneling protocol tunnel between the client and the authentication ... the server s public key. The ensuing exchange of authentication information inside the tunnel to authenticate .... They are PEAPv0 EAP MSCHAPv2 PEAPv1 EAP GTC PEAPv0 and PEAPv1 both refer to the outer authentication method and are the mechanisms that create the secure TLS tunnel to protect subsequent authentication transactions. EAP MSCHAPv2, EAP GTC, and EAP SIM refer to the inner authentication methods which provide user or device authentication. Within Cisco products, PEAPv0 supports inner EAP methods ... form of PEAP in use, and what is usually referred to as PEAP. The inner authentication protocol is Microsoft s MS CHAPv2 Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol , meaning it allows authentication ... to authenticate the server to each client before the client submits authentication credentials ... interoperability with existing token card and directory based authentication systems via a protected ... Cisco has typically recommended lightweight EAP protocols such as Lightweight Extensible Authentication ... authentication is rarely used. when date April 2010 Even in Windows 7 , released in late 2009, Microsoft has not added support for any other authentication system other than MSCHAPv2. As of 2010 , there are very ... server for secure PEAP or EAP TTLS authentication Category Open standards Category Computer access control protocols fr Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol nl PEAP ru PEAP ... more details
Two factor authentication TFA, T FA or 2FA is an approach to authentication which requires the presentation of two or more of the three authentication factors something the user knows , something the user has , and something the user is . Background Two factor authentication is commonly found in electronic computer authentication, where basic authentication is the process of a requesting entity presenting some evidence of its identity to a second entity. Two factor authentication seeks to decrease ..., than simply how many factors are used. Two factor authentication is often confused with other forms of authentication. Two factor authentication requires the use of two of the three regulatory approved authentication factors. These factors are Something the user knows e.g., password, PIN Something ..., such as a fingerprint . Two factor authentication is not a new concept, having been used throughout history. When a bank customer visits a local automated teller machine ATM , one authentication factor ... factor is the PIN they enter something the user knows . Without both of these factors, authentication cannot succeed. This scenario illustrates the basic concept of most two factor authentication systems the something you have something you know concept. Two factor authentication or multi factor authentication is sometimes confused with strong authentication , however, strong authentication and multi factor authentication are fundamentally different processes. Soliciting multiple answers to challenge questions may be considered strong authentication but, unless the process also retrieves something ..., in which they clarified, By definition true multifactor authentication requires the use of solutions ... ... would not constitute multifactor authentication. ref name ffiec Frequently Asked Questions on FFIEC Guidance on Authentication in an Internet Banking Environment , August 15, 2006 ref Regulatory definition Details for authentication in USA are defined with the Homeland Security Presidential Directive ... more details
a computer program from passing as a human. Cryptographic techniques Non cryptographic authentication .... Many cryptographic solutions involve two way authentication , where both the user and the system ... end into thinking it has authenticated a new connection attempt from the other. Authentication protocols ... clocks. Mutual authentication is performed using a challenge response handshake in both directions ... authentication can help solve the problem of exchanging session keys for encryption. Using a key ... the secret, and therefore will not be able to decrypt the data stream. Simple Example mutual authentication ... than storing the password itself. During authentication, the system verifies that the hash of the password ... rugina ssh procedures . See also Challenge handshake authentication protocol CRAM MD5 Cryptographic ... Password authentication Category Computer access control protocols cs Challenge response de Challenge ... more details
In cryptography , a message authentication code often MAC is a short piece of information used to authenticate a message . A MAC algorithm , sometimes called a keyed cryptographic hash function , accepts as input a secret key and an arbitrary length message to be authenticated, and outputs a MAC sometimes known as a tag . The MAC value protects both a message s data integrity as well as its Authentication authenticity , by allowing verifiers who also possess the secret key to detect any changes to the message content. Security While MAC functions are similar to cryptographic hash function s, they possess different security requirements. To be considered secure, a MAC function must resist existential forgery under chosen plaintext attack s. This means that even if an attacker has access to an oracle machine oracle which possesses the secret key and generates MACs for messages of the attacker s choosing, the attacker cannot guess the MAC for other messages without performing infeasible amounts of computation. MACs differ from digital signature s as MAC values are both generated and verified using the same secret key. This implies that the sender and receiver of a message must agree on the same ... vmac 01.txt title VMAC Message Authentication Code using Universal Hashing accessdate 16 March 2010 ... MAC algorithms. These include FIPS PUB 113 Computer Data Authentication , ref http www.itl.nist.gov fipspubs fip113.htm FIPS PUB 113 Computer Data Authentication ref withdrawn in 2002, ref http www.itl.nist.gov ... ISO IEC 9797 1 Information technology &mdash Security techniques &mdash Message Authentication Codes ... ISO IEC 9797 2 Information technology &mdash Security techniques &mdash Message Authentication Codes ... navbox hash Category Message authentication codes ca Message authentication code cs MAC funkce da Message authentication code de Message Authentication Code es Message authentication code fa fr Code d authentification de message ko it Message authentication code he ... more details
Network Level Authentication is a technology used in Remote Desktop Services RDP Server or Remote Desktop Protocol Remote Desktop Connection RDP Client that requires the connecting user to authenticate themselves before a session is established with the server. Originally, if you opened an RDP remote desktop session to a server it would load the login screen from the server for you. This would use up resources on the server, and was a potential area for Denial of service attack denial of service attacks. NLA delegates the user s credentials from the client through a client side Security Support Provider Interface Security Support Provider and prompts the user to authenticate before establishing a session on the server. Network Level Authentication was introduced in RDP 6.0 and supported initially in Windows Vista . It uses the new Security Support Provider, CredSSP, which is available through Security Support Provider Interface SSPI in Windows Vista. With Windows XP Service Pack 3, CredSSP was introduced on that platform and the included RDP 6.1 Client supports NLA however CredSSP must be enabled in the registry first. ref http support.microsoft.com kb 951608 Description of the Credential Security Support Provider CredSSP in Windows XP Service Pack 3 ref Advantages The advantages of Network Level Authentication are It requires fewer remote computer resources initially, by preventing the initiation of a full Terminal Services remote desktop connection until the user is authenticated, reducing the risk of denial of service attacks. It allows NT Single sign on SSO to extend to Remote Desktop Services . Disadvantages No support for other credential providers Like any Single sign on SSO scheme, suffers from the keys to the castle problem. To use Network Level Authentication in Remote Desktop Services , the client must be running Windows XP SP3 or later, and the server must .... Support for RDP Servers requiring Network Level Authentication needs to be configured via registry ... more details
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