Bioremediation is the use of microorganism metabolism to remove pollutants. Technologies can be generally classified as in situ or ex situ . In situ bioremediation involves treating the contaminated material at the site, while ex situ involves the removal of the contaminated material to be treated elsewhere. Some examples of bioremediation technologies are phytoremediation , bioventing , bioleaching , landfarming , bioreactor , composting , bioaugmentation , rhizofiltration , and biostimulation . Bioremediation can occur on its own natural attenuation or intrinsic bioremediation or can be spurred ... used to perform the function of bioremediation are known as bioremediators . ref cite web url ... Not all contaminants, however, are easily treated by bioremediation using microorganisms. For example ... compounds, and they will certainly accelerate the development of bioremediation technologies and biotransformation ... approaches The use of genetic engineering to create organisms specifically designed for bioremediation ... molecular biology to bioremediation journal Nature Reviews. Microbiology. year 2003 volume 1 issue ... ref Mycoremediation Mycoremediation is a form of bioremediation in which fungi are used to decontaminate the area. The term mycoremediation refers specifically to the use of fungal mycelium mycelia in bioremediation ... of oyster mushroom s traditional bioremediation techniques bacteria were used on control plots ... s from water in soil. Advantages There are a number of cost efficiency advantages to bioremediation ... bioremediation The process of bioremediation can be monitored indirectly by measuring the Oxidation ... techfocus default.focus sec Bioremediation 5Fof 5FChlorinated 5FSolvents cat Overview Technology Focus on Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents Website hosted by the USEPA Technology Innovation ... Aqueous Solutions Using Copper Resistant Bacteria Rajeshkumar and Kartic 2011 Pollution Category Bioremediation ... cs Bioremediace de Bioremediation et Biotervendus es Biorremediaci n fa fr Biorem diation ... more details
Press isbn 978 1 904455 17 2 ref Ex situ Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils Although in situ bioremediation ... they allow a much tighter control of the bioremediation process and provide better estimates of the residual contamination at the end of the treatment period. Ex situ bioremediation is the method of choice ... Landfarming, Composting, Biopiling and Slurry phase bioremediation. Ex situ bioremediation typically ... phase bioremediation where the soil is mixed with water and other nutrients in mechanically agitated bioreactors, ex situ bioremediation includes solid phase bioremediation that covers the techniques .... ref name KoukkouA I cite book author Koukkou, A I editor year 2011 title Microbial Bioremediation ... more details
LDU stands for Liga Deportiva Universitaria disambiguation Local Delivery Unit Last 3 Digits of a Canadian postal code . Ring of Independents lang de Landesring der Unabh ngigen , a former political party in Switzerland Land disposal unit , a term in bioremediation LDU decomposition , a factorization of matrices found in linear algebra disambig it LDU ... more details
Biostimulation involves the modification of the environment to stimulate existing bacteria capable of bioremediation . This can be done by addition of various forms of rate limiting nutrient s and electron acceptors , such as phosphorus , nitrogen , oxygen , or carbon e.g. in the form of molasses . Additives are usually added to the subsurface through injection wells, although injection well technology for biostimulation purposes is still emerging. Removal of the contaminated material is also an option, albeit an expensive one. Biostimulation can be enhanced by bioaugmentation . This process, overall, is referred to as bioremediation and is an United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA approved method for reversing the presence of oil or gas spills. The primary advantage of biostimulation is that bioremediation will be undertaken by already present native microorganisms that are well suited to the subsurface environment, and are well distributed spatially within the subsurface. The primary disadvantage is that the delivery of additives in a manner that allows the additives to be readily available to subsurface microorganisms is based on the local geology of the subsurface. Tight, impermeable subsurface lithology tight clay s or other fine grained material make it difficult to spread additives throughout the affected area. Fractures in the subsurface create preferential pathways in the subsurface which additives preferentially follow, preventing even distribution of additives. Recently a number of products have been introduced which allow popular use of bioremediation using biostimulative methods. They may harness local bacteria using biostimulation by creating a hospitable environment for hydrocarbon devouring microorganisms, or they may introduce foreign bacteria ... matrix2 section4 4 34.html FRTR reference guide on enhanced bioremediation http www.epa.gov oilspill pdfs biofact.pdf USEPA fact sheet on bioremediation in oil spill response Category Biotechnology ... more details
refimprove date July 2009 S 200 is a bioremediation product used to clean up oil spill s. It is an oleophilic nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer, sometimes known as a super nutrient , that promotes the growth of micro organisms that degrade hydrocarbon s such as oil and fuel .S 200 is identified as a bioremediation accelerator and as such, does not contain bacterial cultures. The product contributes to the establishment of a robust microbial population. As per manufacturer instructions, additional nutrients are added to the product along with non sterile site water and weathered oil. Considerable biodegradation to alkanes was seen over the course of treatment with 95.9 of these constituents reduced in 12 weeks. An 11.2 reduction in PAHs resulted from the S 200 treatment over 12 weeks, a reduction similar to that seen in Positive Control 2 flasks. The effects of S 200 were studied on a beach affected .... Pelaez, J. Sanchez, M. J. Garcia Martinez, and J. F. Llamas. Effectiveness of bioremediation for the Prestige ... of the Prestige catastrophe, March, 2002 In 2006, a field bioremediation assay was conducted by the Department ..., alkylcyclohexanes, and benzenes, and alkylated PAHs. The most significant molecular bioremediation ... as bioremediation agent for the treatment of the shore affected by the heavy oil spill of the Prestige ... such as S 200 were of limited effectiveness . ref cite conference title Effectiveness of bioremediation ... treatment and the control. ref cite journal title Enhanced bioremediation of crude oil utilizing ...,Laura M. Basirico, MS. Research Associate 3 title Laboratory Screening of Commercial Bioremediation ... Science date May 2007 volume 24 issue 4 doi 10.1089 ees.2006.0091 title Bioremediation for Shoreline ... and bioremediation of Prestige fuel oil along the Atlantic coast of Galicia Spain author J.R. ... emulsifier produced by Ochrobactrum anthropi in different hydrocarbon bioremediation assays journal ... Easy Category Bioremediation Category Oil spill remediation technologies ... more details
Mycoremediation , a phrase coined by Paul Stamets , is a form of bioremediation , the process of using fungi to degrade or sequester contaminants in the Ecosystem environment . Stimulating microbial and enzyme activity, mycelium reduces toxin s in situ. Some fungi are hyperaccumulators, capable of absorbing and concentrating heavy metals in the mushroom fruit bodies. One of the primary roles of fungi in the ecosystem is decomposition , which is performed by the mycelium. The mycelium secretes extracellular enzymes and acid s that break down lignin and cellulose , the two main building blocks of plant fiber. These are organic compounds composed of long chains of carbon and hydrogen , structurally similar to many organic pollutants. The key to mycoremediation is determining the right fungal species to target a specific pollutant. Certain strains have been reported to successfully degrade the nerve gas es VX nerve agent VX and sarin . File Austernseitling.jpg thumb right Oyster mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus In an experiment conducted in conjunction with Dr. S. A. Thomas , a major contributor in the bioremediation industry, a plot of soil contaminated with Diesel fuel diesel was inoculated with mycelia of oyster mushroom s traditional bioremediation techniques bacteria were used on control plots. After four weeks, more than 95 of many of the PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon s had been reduced to non toxic components in the mycelial inoculated plots. It appears that the natural microbial community participates with the fungi to break down contaminants, eventually into carbon dioxide and water . Wood decay fungus Wood decay fungi are particularly effective in breaking down aromatic pollutants toxic components of petroleum , as well as chlorinated compounds certain persistent ... fungal bioremediation publisher Wiley Interscience location New York year 2006 pages isbn 0 471 75501 ... Bioremediation Category Biotechnology Category Environmental soil science Category Mycology Category ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Refimprove date January 2008 Xenocatabolism is a concept in bioremediation that was introduced by Dr. Aubrey de Grey on May 29, 2007, at the Googleplex Google TechTalks . Dr. de Grey posited that there are microbes that feed on substances such as amyloid , cholesterol and other related substances in places that are full of human Body remains , such as graveyards . This was based on the microbial infallibility hypothesis . He states that the biomedical approach would be to identify the genetic basis for that capacity, and to put one or two genes into ourselves, thereby enhancing our own ability to break things down, and to thereby get rid of things that we cannot naturally break down. ref cite web url http video.google.com videoplay?docid 8554766938711591377 title Prospects for extending healthy life a lot accessdate 2007 08 21 author Google Tech Talks ref In order to add credibility the concept, de Grey created an experiment using soil from a graveyard and took the bacteria from it. He used lipofuscin , one of the major things that accumulates indigestibly in the body which some of the bacteria broke down, giving some credit to the concept. See also Aubrey de Grey Biogerontology References references External links http sens.org SENS.org , Dr. de Grey s website Category Bioremediation ... more details
An extremotroph from Latin lang la extremus meaning extreme and Greek lang grc Latn troph lang grc meaning food is an organism that feeds on matter that is not typically considered to be food to most life on Earth. These anthropocentric definitions that we make of extremophily and extremotrophy focus on a single environmental extreme but many extremophiles may fall into multiple categories, for example, organisms living inside hot rocks deep under the Earth s surface. ref Horikoshi, Koki Extremophiles Handbook 2010, pg.5 ref Examples Pestalotiopsis microspora Pestalotiopsis microspora Plastic eater ref http www.activistpost.com 2012 02 jungle fungus eats plastic beats cancer.html ref Halomonas titanicae Halomonas titanicae Metal eater Geotrichum candidum Geotrichum candidum Compact Disk eater Aspergillus fumigatus Aspergillus Fumigatis Printed circuit board Printed Circuit Board eater Deinococcus radiodurans Deinococcus radiodurans Radioactive waste eater ? Space debris eaters ref http rt.com news iss bacteria mir mutation 765 ref Industrial uses Extremotrophs are employed as Bioremediation Bioremediation and Biodegradation Biodegradation agents. See also div style moz column count 3 column count 3 Lithoautotroph Chemotroph Extremophile div References reflist Further reading External links ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Phytotreatment is an natural environment environment al term referring to the Plant cultivation cultivation of specialized plant s that absorb specific contaminant s from the soil through their root s or foliage . This reduces the concentration of contaminants in the soil, but incorporates them into biomass es that may be released back into the environment when the plant dies or is harvest ed. See also Phytoremediation Category Bioremediation Category Phytoremediation plants Category Toxicology Category Pollution Category Pollution control technologies Botany stub Environment stub med toxic stub ... more details
A land treatment unit LTU is a location in which land is treated, usually through bioremediation processes, to reduce the toxicity of the soil . LTUs are becoming more common as more sites needing clean up are identified. Land treatment units are areas where hazardous waste is applied or incorporated into the soil surface. Land treatment units are typically units consisting of natural soils where natural biological and chemical degradation and attenuation processes immobilize, transform, or degrade hazardous constituents over time. ref http www.epa.gov compliance resources policies civil rcra wasteanalygman rpt.pdf Waste Analysis at Facilities that Generate, Treat, Store, and Dispose of Hazardous Waste, A Guidance Manual US EPA OSWER 9938.4 03 ref See also Land disposal unit Notes references Category Waste treatment technology ... more details
concentrations are necessary for effective bioremediation of dense non aqueous phase liquids DNAPL ... in groundwater may be necessary for proper bioremediation of contaminated sites. Mixed Dehalococcoides ... 1 See also Bioremediation Biostimulation Bioaugmentation External links Taxonomic references ... dehalococcoides microbe yes Category Bacteria genera Category Bioremediation bacteria stub de ... more details
10.1038 nature03661 ref Biodegradation and Bioremediation Microbial biodegradation of recalcitrant ... organisms when extracellular electron transfer is an important bioremediation process in subsurface environments. Therefore, a systems biology approach to understanding and optimizing bioremediation ... in situ uranium bioremediation has demonstrated that it is possible to track in situ rates of metabolism .... It is expected that this systems approach to bioremediation with Geobacter will provide the opportunity to evaluate multiple Geobacter catalyzed bioremediation strategies in silico prior to field implementation, thus providing substantial savings when initiating large scale in situ bioremediation ... biodegradation.html Microbial Biodegradation, Bioremediation and Biotransformation http www.israel21c.org ... more details
LTU may mean IATA code for Latur Airport , India La Trobe University , a university in Australia Lambda the Ultimate , a weblog devoted to programming languages Land treatment unit , a term in bioremediation Lawrence Technological University , a university in Southfield, Michigan Le Quy Don Technical University , a university in Hanoi, Vietnam Liaoning Technical University , a university in China Licence to use , a type of intellectual property licence Lietuvos Teis s Universitetas, present day Mykolas Romeris University in Lithuania Louisiana Tech University , a university in Ruston, Louisiana LTU, the country code for Lithuania as used by some governing bodies, notably the IOC and FIFA LTU International , a German airline LTU Technologies , a software company Lule University of Technology , a university in Sweden disambig de LTU Begriffskl rung et LTU eo LTU fr LTU it LTU lt LTU ja LTU fi LTU sv LTU ... more details
BIPU Bioremediation Infield Personnel Unit is a sanitation method suitable for disaster relief and for temporary or isolated locations. It consists of flat packed plastic panels which fit together to make a box, which is buried in the ground, and a large plastic bag to be placed inside the box. It is quick to set up but also suitable for longer term use if required. http www.abc.net.au newinventors txt s1206523.htm A latrine , Western style, or Asian squat style pour flush latrine, is placed over the top. The S shaped water seal plumbing water seal improves hygiene, compared to pit latrine s. Background The BIPU is manufactured and distributed by Poly Marketing Pty Limited. See also Appropriate technology External links http www.abc.net.au newinventors txt s1206523.htm BiPu New Inventors TV program http www.wst.tas.gov.au attach bsrcertifica 5.pdf Certificate of Authorisation for use in Tasmania. Category Appropriate technology Category Disaster management tools Category Sewerage waste stub tech stub international dev stub ... more details
and On Site Bioremediation Symposium. San Diego, California, June 4 7, Battelle Press 2001, Band 6, ISBN 1574771108. Donald Lee Wise Hrsg. Bioremediation of contaminated soils. CRC Press, 2000, ISBN ... more details
Environmental soil science is the study of the interaction of humans with the pedosphere as well as critical aspects of the biosphere , the lithosphere , the hydrosphere , and the Earth s atmosphere atmosphere . Environmental soil science addresses both the fundamental and applied aspects of the field including buffers and surface water quality, vadose zone functions, septic drain field site assessment and function, land treatment of wastewater , stormwater , erosion control, soil contamination with metals and pesticides, Environmental remediation remediation of contaminated soils, restoration of wetlands , soil degradation , nutrient management , movement of viruses and bacteria in soils and waters, bioremediation , application of molecular biology and genetic engineering to development of soil microbes that can degrade hazardous pollutants, land use , global warming , acid rain , and the study of human impact on the environment anthropogenic soils, such as terra preta . References unreferenced date June 2011 Reflist Bibliography Hillel, D., J.L.. Hatfield, D.S. Powlson, C. Rosenweig, K.M. Scow, M.J. Singer and D.L. Sparks. Editors. 2004 Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, Four Volume Set, Volume 1 4, ISBN 0 12 348530 4 Environmental science soil sci stub Category Edaphology Category Environmental soil science Category Environmental science ... more details
45 5 ref Bioremediation Microbial biodegradation of pollutant s can be used to clean up contaminated environments. These bioremediation and biotransformation methods harness naturally occurring ... Bioremediation of Non metals Current Research publisher Caister Academic Press isbn 978 1 904455 83 7 ref Microbial biofilm s are particularly important in bioremediation. ref name LearGLewisGD cite ... publisher Caister Academic Press isbn 978 1 904455 96 7 ref Bioremediation of mercury Mercury ... friendly alternative is bioremediation. ref name Wagner D blerI cite book author Wagner D bler, I editor year 2012 title Bioremediation of Mercury Current Research and Industrial Applications ... Y year 2008 chapter Emerging Technologies to Analyze Natural Attenuation and Bioremediation title ... Microbiology Bioremediation Food microbiology Environmental microbiology Iron in microbiology Systems ... more details
unreferenced date August 2007 Taxobox image Phanerochaete.velutina2. .lindsey.jpg regnum Fungi phylum Basidiomycota classis Basidiomycetes subclassis Agaricomycetidae ordo Polyporales familia Phanerochaetaceae genus Phanerochaete subdivision ranks Species subdivision Phanerochaete allantospora br Phanerochaete arizonica br Phanerochaete avellanea br Phanerochaete burtii br Phanerochaete carnosa br Phanerochaete chrysorhizon br Phanerochaete chrysosporium br Phanerochaete radicata br Phanerochaete salmonicolor br Phanerochaete tuberculata br Phanerochaete velutina br ... Phanerochaete is a genus of fungi. Several of the species in this genus are plant pathogens. This genus includes white rot fungi that are able to degrade lignin to carbon dioxide . This is achieved, in part, by lignin peroxidase s and manganese peroxidase s.These peroxidases are also able to mediate oxidation of a wide variety of organic pollutants. Recently, the genome of Phanerochaete chrysosporium has been sequenced and shows the genetic potential to be able to make over 100 Cytochrome P450 cytochrome P450 monooxygenases . White rot fungi have been used in bioremediation efforts to break down potentially harmful chemicals in soil and in water. Category Phanerochaetaceae Polyporales stub ru vi Phanerochaete ... more details
Infobox Book name Mycelium Running title orig translator image File Mycelium Running.jpg 200px image caption author Paul Stamets illustrator cover artist country United States language English language English series subject Mycoremediation genre publisher Ten Speed Press release date 2005 media type pages 339 isbn 9781580085793 congress oclc preceded by followed by Mycelium Running How Mushrooms Can Help Save The World is a 2005 book by Paul Stamets . The book explores the use and applications of fungi in bioremediation mycoremediation . Stamets details methods of termite and ant control using nontoxic mushroom mycelia and elaborates on fungi that may be able to neutralize anthrax , nerve gas and smallpox . ref cite news author Starhawk title Notes from Underground url http www.yesmagazine.org issues 5000 years of empire notes from underground newspaper YES Magazine date June 21, 2006 ref ref cite news last Hearn first Kelly title Magic Mushrooms url http www.metroactive.com papers sonoma 09.22.04 dining 0439.html newspaper Metro Newspaper date September 22, 2004 ref References Reflist External links http fungi.com books stamets.html Books by Paul Stamets . Fungi Perfecti. DEFAULTSORT Mycelium Running Category 2005 books Category Biology books Category Mycological literature science book stub ... more details
such as bioremediation , which uses bacteria to break down the hydrocarbons in the bilge water into harmless byproducts. Of the two general schools of thought on bioremediation, the one that uses bacteria ... more details
mushrooms to remove contaminant s from polluted environments. See also Bioremediation Restoration ecology ... to mycofiltration Category Biotechnology Category Bioremediation Category Environmental soil science ... more details
http www.horizonpress.com biod ISBN 978 1 904455 17 2 ref Bioremediation Interest in the microbial biodegradation ... 2 ref These bioremediation methods harness the naturally occurring, microbial catabolic diversity to degrade ... more details
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