The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cartographyCartography also called mapmaking &ndash study and practice of making map s or globe s. Maps have traditionally been made using pen and paper , but the advent and spread of computer s has revolutionized cartography. Essence of cartography Main article Cartography Atlas Globe Map Map collection Mapping of the Earth Branches of cartography Empty section date June 2008 Types of maps Cartogram City map Contour line Contour map Dymaxion map Map Electronic map Fantasy map Geologic map Cartography Map design Nautical chart Pictorial maps Planform Plat Reversed map Road atlas Street map Thematic map Topographic map World map Map projections Main Map projection History of cartography Main article History of cartography Chinese geography History of geography List of Graeco Roman geographers General cartography concepts Expand section date June 2008 Cartographic generalization Cartography scholars Empty section date June 2008 Leaders in cartography Empty section date June 2008 Cartography lists Main article List of cartography topics Expand section date June 2008 List of cartographers See also Portal box Atlas Cartography Geodesy Global Positioning System Navigation Map s External links Sister project links Cartography http www.ncc.org.ir National Cartographic Center of Iran NCC , Tehran http www.cartography.org.uk British Cartographic Society http www.bl.uk learning artimages maphist mappinghistory.html Mapping History a learning resource from the British Library http www.loc.gov rr geogmap guide gmilltoc.html ... www gap.dcs.st and.ac.uk history HistTopics Cartography.html The history of cartography at the School ... illustration http www.newberry.org collections conbib.html Concise Bibliography of the History of Cartography ... cartography lessons based on the eLML XML framework. Outline footer DEFAULTSORT Outline Of Cartography Category Cartography Category Outlines Cartography ... more details
unreferenced date April 2012 File 1450 Carta Catalana jpeg copy.A.jpg thumb Europe as depicted in the Catalan world map of ca. 1450. File Atlas Cosmographicae Mercator 035.jpg thumb Gerardus Mercator s map of Europe printed in 1596 The earliest cartography cartographic depictions of Europe are found in early world maps . In classical antiquity , Europe was assumed to cover the quarter of the globe north of the Mediterranean , an arrangement that was adhered to in medieval T and O map s. Ptolemy s world map of the 2nd century already had a reasonably precise description of southern and western Europe, but was unaware of particulars of northern and eastern Europe. Medieval maps such as the Hereford Mappa Mundi still assumed that Scandinavia was an island. Progress was made in the 16th century, and Gerard Mercator gave an accurate representation of all of Europe, including Scandinavia shown as a peninsula. See also commonscat Maps of Europe History of Cartography Geography of Europe Cartography of Asia Cartography of Africa Boundaries between continents Atlas Europe cartography stub Category Maps of Europe Category Geography of Europe Category Cartography ... more details
Multiple issues wikify March 2012 orphan March 2012 no footnotes December 2009 Multimedia cartography is the collection geographical information in a manner that allows presentation through various display interfaces. Through multimedia , technology allows for a differing ways of presenting geographic information. The presentation is intended to expand the channels of information available to the user from those of paper based maps. Multimedia offers a different way to view data that has been generated and stored by spatial resource packages. References Cartwright, W. E., Peterson, M. P. and Gartner, G. eds , 1999, Multimedia Cartography, Heidelberg Springer Verlag. Category CartographyCartography stub ... more details
Other uses Cartouche disambiguation File Cartouche met wapen van Willem V op de kaart van Beckeringh.jpg thumb right Cartouche on a map dedicated to William V, Prince of Orange 1781 A cartouche in cartography is a decorative emblem on a globe or map . Map cartouches may contain the title, the printer s address, date of publication, the scale of the map and legends, and sometimes a dedication . The design of cartouches varies according to cartographer and period style. On 15th century maps they are modelled after Italy Italian precedent simple strapwork , by the 16th century architectural and figurative elements like coats of arms are added. The cartographic cartouche had its heyday in the Baroque period. Toward the end of the 18th century ornamental effects in cartography became less popular, their style developed to simple oval or rectangular fields with inscriptions. See also Cartouche design External links http www.maptheuniverse.com ?p 23 Cartouches http www.davidrumsey.com blog 2010 2 25 cartouches decorative map titles Cartouches, or Decorative Map Titles . Feature Maps blog post February 25, 2010 . David Rumsey Map Collection Cartography Associates. Commonscat Cartouche cartography DEFAULTSORT Cartouche Cartography Category Cartography nl Cartouche cartografie ... more details
Critical Cartography is a set of new map ping practices and theoretical critique grounded in critical theory . It differs from academic cartography in that it links geographic knowledge with power, and thus is political. The term Critic Critique critique defines not just a simple analysis and rejection of concepts or practices. Critical cartographers do not aim to invalidate maps instead the critique is careful analysis of maps identifying attributes of the maps that are taken for granted. The eventual hope is to better understand the maps and gain more knowledge. Current state of critical cartography Since the 1991 death of John Brian Harley J.B Harley , formerly a professor in Geography at the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, the field of cartography has flourished with theories and writing that identify maps as social issues and expressions of power and knowledge. Leading figures that have picked up where Harley left off include Denis Cosgrove , Denis Wood , Jeremy Crampton , John Krygier , and Kevin St. Martin . Maps are now viewed as potential sites of power and knowledge. They are sources of knowledge of geography, places and people. The aim of Critical Cartography is to reduce the gap between a more technically oriented map design and a more theoretically analysis of power in society. References http www.acme journal.org vol4 JWCJK.pdf Crampton, Jeremy W. and John Krygier. 2006. An Introduction to Critical Cartography Pickles, John. 2004. A History of Spaces . Routledge. Wood, Denis. 1992. The Power of Maps , New York London, The Guilford Press. Critical theory Category Cartography Category Critical theory cartography stub ca Cartografia cr tica ... more details
. Landing site map in planetary cartography is a graphic representation of the region surrounding ... in planetary cartography is a generalized image of the surface of an extraterrestrial solid body excluding ... map in planetary cartography is a map representing relief with the help of outlines and special symbols ... of the Moon , and polarimetric measurements. Synoptic map in planetary cartography is a graphic ... surface e.g., a map of weather on Mars . Tectonic map in planetary cartography is a graphic representation ... cartography is a map showing the spatial representation of physical properties for a planetary ... cartography is a graphic representation of the distribution of boundaries between mapped ... ICA Commission on Planetary Cartography Cartographic products http planetologia.elte.hu 1cikkeke.phtml?cim terkepeke.html Planetary Maps The Planetary Cartography Working Group at the Cosmic Materials Space Reserarch Group of E tv s Lor nd University Category Cartography Category Branches of geography Category Visualization graphic Category Atlas Cartography ... more details
Notes references References Gole, S. Size as a Measure of Importance in Indian Cartography . Imago ... of Cartography. Vol. 2. bk 2, Cartography in Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies ... exploration Cartography of India History of cartography History of geography Exploration of Asia Cartography of Europe Cartography of Africa Boundaries between continents External links http alabamamaps.ua.edu .... commons Atlas of Asia cartography stub atlas Asia Category Maps of Asia Category Geography of Asia Category Cartography Asia ... more details
before the second half of the 19th century. References reflist See also History of CartographyCartography of Europe Cartography of Asia Old World Cartography stub commonscat Maps of Africa Category Cartography Category Geography of Africa ... more details
Star cartography Star atlases celestial atlases . ref 1690 Hevelius J., Firmamentum Sobiescianum ... Galaxy class starship Star Trek Intrepid class starship The term stellar cartography was used in Star ... lab s . In practice, at least on Voyager , this meant that Stellar Cartography was responsible for all ... Yeolcha Bunyajido a future section Star cartography in other civilizations History of cartography ... more details
The cartography of history of India India begins with early charts for navigation ref name Sircar3 and constructional plans for buildings. ref name gole1990 Gole 1990 ref Indian traditions influenced Tibet an ref name sircar329quote Sircar, 329 ref and Geography in medieval Islam Islamic traditions , ref name Pinto06quote Pinto 2006 ref and in turn, were influenced by the United Kingdom British cartographers who solidified modern concepts into India s map making. ref name Fuechsel Fuechsel 2008 ref A prominent foreign geographer and cartographer was Hellenistic geography Hellenistic geographer Ptolemy 90 168 who researched at the library in Alexandria to produce a detailed eight volume record of world geography. ref name Fuechsel During the Middle Ages, India sees some exploration by Chinese ... according to Ptolemy s world map 2nd century Cartography of Indian subcontinent India as a part of the greater continent of Cartography of Asia Asia develops in Classical Antiquity . In Greek cartography , India appears as a remote land on the eastern fringe of Asia in the 5th century BC .... Early forms of cartography in India included legendary paintings maps of locations described ... location. ref name Sircar1 Sircar, page 327 ref Early Indian cartography showed little knowledge ... Muhammad al Idrisi included a section on the cartography and geography of India and its neighboring ... maps of Indian origin have been discovered. ref name sircar329quote Islamic cartography was also ... commented on the tradition of native Indian cartography Quotation1 Besides geographical tracts ... Britannica . Gole, S. 1990 , Size as a Measure of Importance in Indian Cartography , Imago Mundi ... of Science. Pinto, Karen 2006 , Cartography , Medieval Islamic Civilization An Encyclopedia ... India Maps atlas Asia Indianscience DEFAULTSORT Cartography Of India Category Geography of India Category Cartography by country India ... more details
index frames en.html Tutorials in the History of Cartography Overview Bot generated title ref A map ... series.html v1 The History of Cartography Book Series Bot generated title ref For example, a 7.6 ... to 360. His great achievement in the field of cartography was the use of a new technique of charting ... Dynasty 265 420 Jin Dynasty . Pei is best known for his work in cartography. Although map making ... Historians compare him to the Greek Ptolemy for his contributions in cartography. ref Needham, Volume ... name autogenerated2 http www.ruf.rice.edu asia CartographyPaper.html Cartography Paper Bot generated ... ref G.Henrik Herb Mongolian cartography ref One of medieval Persian work written in northwest Iran can ... Thomas T p.107 The Mongol cartography was enriched by traditions of ancient China and Iran which were ... Geographical Society gold medal in 1876. Main Cartography of India Indian cartographic traditions ... elements were indicated in different colors. ref name Sircar1 Arab cartography Main Geography ... in the development of cartography was the patronage of the Abbasid caliph , al Ma mun , who reigned ... Cartography. ref In the early 10th century, Ahmed ibn Sahl al Balkhi Ab Zayd al Balkh , originally ..., and much of Asia. Regional cartography Islamic regional cartography is usually categorized into three ... appears upside down compared to modern cartography cartographic conventions. Image Piri Reis map ... MacTutor Cartography ref Al Khw rizm , Al Ma mun s most famous geographer, corrected Ptolemy ... more details
orphan date April 2010 Cleanup date December 2009 The history of French cartography can be traced to developments in the Middle Ages. This period was marked by improvements in measuring instruments and also by an upgrade of work in registers of all types. The first map of France is drawn up by Oronce Fine available on the site of http www.bnf.fr pages zNavigat frame collections.htm?ancre departements.htm National Library of France . It testifies to the will of the political power to mark its presence on the territory to affirm, to build limits, borders, to arrange its territory, and to consolidate the internal economic markets. In the sixteenth century Dieppe Seine Maritime Dieppe appeared as an important school of cartography. Pierre Desceliers , allowed the realization of many maps. At the same time, the Portolan maps of the Portuguese sailors had the most recent knowledge obtained by the Dieppois sailors in their exploration of Canada . Then, cartography progressed more and more, through the development of new techniques and by the will of the political powers to control their territories. Very powerful companies testify support to some of the cartographic missions at the end of the nineteenth century. There were two decisive stages in cartography. One was determining longitude and latitude . Florence Trystram, 2001, the lawsuit of the stars is an account of the research of three French scientists that was done in South America, 1735 1771. Cassini copy edit section date July ... the cartography of the French territory with a meter scale and according to four components topography ... by the control geodesic project Ecuador 1975, Libya 1979, Saudi Arabia 1981 , of cartography Saudi ... project and numerical cartography in Riyadh is the occasion to massively introduce digital ... cartographe.net index.php notions History of cartography from antiquity to the present day fr http ... French Cartography Category Cartography by country Category Science and technology in France ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 In cartography , a universal code is a code that can indicate any location on Earth, such as latitude and longitude , or the Natural Area Code . Category Cartography DEFAULTSORT Universal Code CartographyCartography stub ... more details
are clearly defined and precisely pinpointed on the map. Cartography or mapmaking in Greek language ... on a flat surface. Cartography combines science, aesthetics , and technical ability to create .... However, most of the record in the history of cartography is based on Europe, not mentioned ... feat of engineering. In general, the development of early Chinese cartography experienced three ... and a prefecture map. The research of three maps indicate that China already had a very exact cartography ... cartography did not have too much important development, but became much more mature in traditional cartography skills and there had more types of map. Such as , national map of mountains and cities ..., the Zhenghe map was the important one in Chinese cartography history and a specific map for marine ... Boanerges, the cartography skill had much more development. And at that time, the world map drawing ... influence in Chinese traditional cartography. File Da ming hun yi tu.jpg right thumb 250px The Da ... Kangxi s reign in Qing Dynasty and because of import of western cartography skills, he realized Chinese ... pseudo cylindrical projection and latitude and longitude cartography methods Using writing Chinese ... inland content Survey map of Taiwan province in the first time Besides cartography, the unification ... of cartography in Qing Dynasty and help to improve quality of maps in a great deal. See also Chinese geography History of cartographyCartography Mawangdui List of cartographers References ... of cartography at the School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St. Andrews, Scotland ... the British Library http geog.hkbu.edu.hk GEOG1150 Chinese Catalog am31 map1.htm Chinese cartography ... Early Chinese Cartography Category Cartography Category Geography of China Category History of China ... more details
In cartography , a phase line is a line to show some positional dependency or relation to the passage of time, most often changing phases of a military operation, or changing borders in histogeographic maps. Military usage Image TulagiBattle1942.gif thumb 300px A photo with overdrawn phase line illustrating a World War II military operation. The term is also used in military terminology to refer to an imaginary line on a map used to coordinate phases of operations. ref cite web url http www.nato.int docu stanag aap006 aap6.htm title NATO Glossary of Terms and Definitions accessdate 2009 09 27 ref They are usually distinguished with different code names, varying by the particulars of the mission such as location and nature. By the same token, phase lines are frequently used after a battle or a military campaign by historian s to describe what territory was controlled by which side at a given phase of the campaign. clear Historical geography Image Soviet finnish negotiations 1939 borderline.png thumb 300px A map of negotiated border lines at different stages of the Finnish Winter War . Historical geographers use such techniques in a similar way, but written upon a longer time period. Dated phase lines on a map would indicate the growth or shrinkage of a great power of the era such as the expansion of the Roman Empire , the spread of Islam or Christianity . Other familiar phase line mapping most experience in late elementary or middle school classes would be the extent of various ice ages or the Ice Age consequential shrinkage or extension of continental landmasses down the continental shelves as the results of such climate changes. clear References Reflist Category Cartography Category Historical geography Category Military science Category Military cartography ... more details
File Claude Bernou Carte de lAmerique septentrionale.jpg thumb 1681 map of North America File Map of the United States 1823.jpg thumb Antebellum Era in the United States Antebellum map of the United States, published by Sidney E. Morse in An atlas of the United States 1823 , showing the recent acquisition of Missouri and Louisiana , and the remnant of the Northwest Territory after the establishment of Ohio , Indiana and Illinois File 1867 Mitchell Map of the United States Geographicus UnitedStates mitchell 1867.jpg thumb Mitchell s 1867 map of the US commonscat Maps of the United States Maps of the New World had been produced since the 16th century. The history of cartography of the United States begins in the 18th century, after the declared independence of the Thirteen original colonies on July 4 July 4 , 1776, during the American Revolutionary War 1775 1783 . Later, Samuel Augustus Mitchell published a map of the US in 1867. The National Program for Topographic Mapping was initiated in 1884 by the United States Geological Survey . Changes to territories As the United States changed territorial lines, maps were updated and redrawn, e.g. when the new state Hawaii was added on August 21, 1959. File Unitedstatesmap.png left thumb Map of the United States, showing Hawaii lower left , which became a U.S. state in August 1959 Some maps show the state lines boundaries of the individual states, whereas other maps simply show the national boundaries between the United States and other nations. See also Geography of the United States United States National Grid External links http nationalmap.gov ustopo history.html 125 Years of Topographic Mapping Cartography stub Category Cartography by country United States Category Geography of the United States ... more details
left 325px A part of the Catalan Atlas, shown in a modern orientation. Cartography throughout the 14th ... on each other in terms of cartography, there was one very significant and fairly obvious example ... World Cartography, Literature, and Empire in Early Modern Spain Chicago, University of Chicago ... of cartography once it was translated into Latin in 1406. Ptolemy projected two different types of maps ... frontcover&source gbs ge summary r&cad 0 v onepage&q&f false Maps & Civilization Cartography ... false The World Through Maps A History of Cartography . Canada, Firefly Books, ltd 2003 p.62 ref Portolan ... onto a compass heading. ref Ricardo Padr n. The Spacious World Cartography, Literature, and Empire .... The Spacious World Cartography, Literature, and Empire in Early Modern Spain . Chicago, University ... restricted, there are very few that have survived. Cartography was not at all absent from the Spanish ... to cartography , because it was uniting transparency with yet to be realized political function. Spain ... cartography, Spanish culture has been able to elaborate on more than a two dimensional idea of space ..., outside of cartography, there is a lack of the idea of space in other aspects of the culture. ref Ricardo Padr n. The Spacious World Cartography, Literature, and Empire in Early Modern Spain . Chicago ... when it came to Spanish cartography. First of all, space was being considered in a different light .... ref Ricardo Padr n. The Spacious World Cartography, Literature, and Empire in Early Modern Spain . Chicago ... to facilitate a persistence of cultural trends. ref Ricardo Padr n. The Spacious World Cartography, Literature ... and America, which is where a geometric rationalization really began to occur through cartography ... Padr n. The Spacious World Cartography, Literature, and Empire in Early Modern Spain . Chicago, University ... . ref Ricardo Padr n. The Spacious World Cartography, Literature, and Empire in Early Modern ... and navigation Cartography played a large role in the establishment of the expansive Portuguese trade ... more details
west, T O map s play no role in Islamic cartography though popular in the European counterpart ... of cartography Notes and references Notes Reflist 2 group n Citations Reflist 3 Bibliography refbegin ... in the Middle Ages Islamic geography DEFAULTSORT Geography And Cartography In Medieval Islam Category ... more details
File Orthographic projection SW.jpg thumb 300px Orthographic projection equatorial aspect of eastern hemisphere 30W&ndash 150E An orthographic projection is a map projection of cartography . Like the stereographic projection and gnomonic projection , orthographic projection is a perspective projection perspective or azimuthal projection , in which the sphere is projected onto a tangent plane or secant plane . The point of perspective for the orthographic projection is at infinite distance. It depicts a Sphere hemisphere of the globe as it appears from outer space , where the horizon is a great circle . The shapes and areas are Distortion Map projections distorted , particularly near the edges, but distances are preserved along circle of latitude parallel s. ref name SnyderWorkingManual Cite book author Snyder, J. P. title Map Projections A Working Manual US Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1395 publisher US Government Printing Office location Washington, D.C. year 1987 pages 145 153 ref ref name Snyder16 Snyder, John P. 1993 . Flattening the Earth Two Thousand Years of Map Projections pp. 16 18. Chicago and London The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0 226 76746 9. ref History The orthographic projection has been known since antiquity, with its cartographic uses being well documented. Hipparchus used the projection in the 2nd century B.C. to determine the places of star rise and star set. In about 14 B.C., Roman engineer Vitruvius Marcus Vitruvius Pollio used the projection to construct sundials and to compute sun positions. ref name Snyder16 Vitruvius also seems to have devised the term orthographic from the Greek orthos straight and graph drawing for the projection. However, the name analemma , which also meant a sundial showing latitude and longitude, was the common name until Fran ois d Aguilon of Antwerp promoted its present name in 1613. ref name Snyder16 The earliest surviving maps on the projection appear as woodcut drawings of terrestrial globes of 1509 ... more details
Infobox Government agency agency name State Land & Cartography Committee of Azerbaijan Republic nativename Az rbaycan Respublikas D vl t Torpaq v X rit km Komit si nativename a nativename r logo logo width logo caption seal Coat of arms of Azerbaijan.svg seal width 120px seal caption Coat of Arms of Azerbaijan formed April 18, 2001 date1 date1 name date2 date2 name preceding1 preceding2 dissolved superseding jurisdiction headquarters 93a Sh. Mehdiyev Street, Baku , Azerbaijan Republic AZ1001 latd latm lats latNS longd longm longs longEW employees budget chief1 name Garib Mammadov chief1 position br Chairman of State Land & Cartography Committee chief2 name Azad Nagiyev chief2 position Deputy Chairman parent agency child1 agency child2 agency website http www.dtxk.gov.az main index e.html www.dtxk.gov.az footnotes The State Land and Cartography Committee of Azerbaijan Republic lang az Az rbaycan Respublikas D vl t Torpaq v X rit km Komit si is a governmental agency within the Cabinet of Azerbaijan in charge of implementing land cadastre, monitoring and reforms restoration and increasing of land productivity, setting territorial units in Azerbaijan Republic . The ministry is headed ... to Presidential Decree No. 460 dated April 18, 2001, the new State Land and Cartography Committee ... e.html title State Land & Cartography Committee of Azerbaijan Republic. About Committee accessdate ... relations, setting territorial units, state control on geodesy and cartography, preparation of technical ..., geodesy and cartography making proposals to the Cabinet of Azerbaijan Cabinet of the Republic of Azerbaijan ... of land relations, geodesy and cartography actions researching damages to the land by economic actions ... Land and Cartography Committee. ref cite web url http www.azerbaijan.az StatePower CommitteeConcern committeeConcern e.html title Azerbaijan Portal. THE STATE COMMITTEE OF LAND AND CARTOGRAPHY ... Republic References Reflist Ministries of Azerbaijan DEFAULTSORT State Land And Cartography ... more details
XXI 53 264.pdf By the review of the cartography, the tribunal refused the validity of 3 in Argentina ... seems to have challenged to the limit the fantasy and intelligence of the Argentine cartography as of 1888 ... post Treaty period, that is to say from 1881 to at least 1887 88, Argentine cartography in general ... Channel Cartography Since 1881 Category Beagle conflict Category Argentina Chile relations Category ... more details
Subclass GA Mathematical Geography and Cartography is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system under Library of Congress Classification Class G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation Class G Geography, Anthropology, Recreation . This article describes subclass GA. Contents GA 1 1776.......... Geomatics Mathematical geography . Cartography 51 87.......... Surveying Surveys General 101 1776..........Cartography 109..........Aerial cartography 109.5.......... Cadastre Cadastral mapping 109.8..........Statistical mapping 110 115.......... Map projection Projection 125 155..........Map drawing, modeling, printing, reading, etc. 192 197.3..........Collections of maps, globes, etc. Map libraries 197.5 198.......... List of cartographers Cartographers 260 288..........Globe making. Globe s 300 325..........World maps, general atlases, etc. 341 1776..........Maps. By region or country Sources http www.loc.gov catdir cpso lcco lcco.html Library of Congress Classification Outline Category Library of Congress Classification G GA ... more details
A Place code , or P code for short, is a kind of Address geography addressing system used mostly by emergency response teams. References http www.humanitarianinfo.org IMToolbox 08 Data Standards PCodes Explanations Presentations P Codes web text.htm Category Cartography cartography stub ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
