Cellular compartments in cell biology comprise all of the closed parts within the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell biology cell , usually surrounded by a single or lipid bilayer double lipid layer cell membrane membrane . Most organelle s are compartments mitochondria , chloroplast s in photosynthetic organisms , peroxisome s, lysosome s, the endoplasmic reticulum , the cell nucleus or the Golgi apparatus . Smaller elements like Vesicle biology vesicles , and sometimes even microtubules can also be counted as compartments. Compartmentalization is not found in prokaryotic cells. ref name campbell564 Cite book title Biology last1 Campbell last2 Reece last3 Urry last4 Cain last5 Wasserman last6 Minorsky last7 Jackson first1 Neil A. first2 Jane B. first3 Lisa A. first4 Michael L. first5 Steven A. first6 Peter V. first7 Robert B. edition 8th isbn 978 0 8053 6844 4 page 559 year 2008 ref Types In general there are 4 main cellular compartments, they are The nuclear compartment comprising the nucleus The intercisternal space which comprises the space between the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum which is continuous with the nuclear envelope Organelles The cytosol Function Within the membrane bound compartments, different intracellular pH , different enzyme systems, and other differences are isolated. This enables the cell to carry out different metabolic activities at the same time. With mitochondria, the cytosol has an oxidising environment which converts NADH to NAD . With these cases, the compartmentation is physical. For protein synthesis, all the organs used for it are relatively near one another, the nucleolus makes the ribosomes which synthesize the proteins, the endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum rough ER is near the nucleus as well. The Golgi body is also near the rough ER for packaging and redistributing. References Reflist DEFAULTSORT CellularCompartment Category Cell anatomy Cell biology stub de Zellkompartiment pl Kompartmentacja ... more details
Wiktionary Compartment may refer to Biology Compartment anatomy , a space of connective tissue between muscles Compartment chemistry , in which different parts of the same protein serves different functions Compartment development , fields of cells of distinct cell lineage, cell affinity, and genetic identity Compartment pharmacokinetics , a defined and distinct volume of body fluids Cellularcompartment , a closed part within a cell, surrounded by a membrane Other uses Compartment heraldry , the part of a coat of arms design which appears immediately below the shield Multi compartment model , a type of mathematical model See also lookfrom intitle Compartmentalization disambiguation Apartment Division disambiguation Section disambiguation Disambiguation ja ... more details
wiktionarypar cellularCellular may refer to Cellular automaton , a model in discrete mathematics Cellular film Cellular film , a 2004 movie Cellular frequencies , assigned to networks operating in cellular RF bands Cellular manufacturing Cellular network , cellular telephone and non telephone radio networks Mobile phone Mobile phone accessories Related to cell biology See also Cell disambiguation disambig es Celular he ja ... more details
Anterior compartment can refer to Anterior compartment of the forearm Anterior compartment of leg Anterior compartment of thigh disambig ... more details
Posterior compartment can refer to Posterior compartment of the arm Posterior compartment of the leg rectum disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Other uses Compartment disambiguation In anatomy , a compartment is a space, mostly bounded by fascia Fascial compartment , and sometimes also bone profoundly as e.g. the brachial fascia . It is distinguished from pharmacokinetic compartment , which is a defined volume of body fluids . Pathology Main Compartment syndrome Compartment syndrome is an acute medical problem following injury or surgery in which increased pressure usually caused by inflammation within a compartment. Category Anatomy anatomy stub ar de Muskelloge ... more details
biology cell movement from cells from different lineages across this barrier, restricting them to their compartment ... . ref name Irvine Compartment boundaries are found across species . In the rhombencephalon hindbrain ... cite journal doi 10.1016 0166 2236 90 90144 Y author Lumsden A. title The cellular basis of segmentation ... cite journal doi 10.1016 S0168 9525 99 01774 6 author Dahmann C, Basler K. title Compartment boundaries ... concepts and Molecular biology molecular mechanisms involved in compartment boundaries has been derived ... ref of the entire disc. Compartment boundaries establish these organizing centers ref name Dahmann ... to occur across the boundary, indicates that each compartment serves as an autonomous unit of Cell ... in growth rates and Pattern formation patterns in each compartment, maintain the two lineages ... of compartment development by the engrailed gene in Drosophila. journal Nature volume 255 pages ... the identity of the compartment and preventing these genetically different cell populations ..., morphogen gradients position founder compartment cells. ref name Garcia ref name Lawrence Then, active inactive Homeotic selector gene selector genes give a unique genetic identity to cells within a compartment ... compartment. ref name Lawrence ref name Garc a Bellido A Finally, border cells, established by Signal transduction short range signaling from one compartment to its neighboring compartment ref name Basler cite journal doi 10.1038 368208a0 author Basler K, Struhl G. title Compartment boundaries ... name Garcia ref name Lawrence ref name Vincent cite journal author Vincent JP.. title Compartment ... affinity and move towards the anterior compartment and intermix with those cells. Within the posterior compartment these clones will sort out and form an Ectopic expression ectopic border where ... of engrailed, and the compartment border hypothesis journal Development volume 121 pages 3359 ... in this compartment. ref name Zecca In addition,to its cell autonomous role in Regional specification ... more details
Infobox disease Name Compartment syndrome Image Fasciotomy leg.jpg Caption Fasciotomy, covered with a skin ... ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 001224 eMedicineSubj emerg eMedicineTopic 739 MeshID D003161 Compartment syndrome ... vessels, and muscle inside a closed space Compartment anatomy compartment within the body. ref http ... due to the blood vessels being compressed by the raised pressure within the compartment. Compartment ..., subacute, and chronic compartment syndrome. An alternative definition of compartment syndrome, according ... the compartment does not stretch, a small amount of bleeding into the compartment, or swelling of the muscles within the compartment, can cause the pressure to rise greatly. Common causes of compartment ... RT, Prayson MJ title Diagnosis and management of extremity compartment syndromes an orthopaedic ... compartment syndrome journal Crit. Care Med. volume 36 issue 4 Suppl pages S212 5 year 2008 month ... LJ, Jacobsen DJ, Hulver MW title Changes in Lower Leg Anterior Compartment Pressure Before, During ... JM, Fiala KA, Stevenson JH, Casa DJ, Maresh CM title Creatine supplementation and anterior compartment ... 30 5 year 2006 pmid 16619092 pmc 1421498 doi url accessdate ref Compartment syndrome can also occur ... longer than six hours to complete must include Compartment Syndrome on its list of post operative ... pneumatic compression device worn by the patient. When compartment syndrome is caused by repetitive use of the muscles, as in a cyclist, it is known as chronic compartment syndrome CCS . ref ... compartment syndrome A review of the literature journal Ortop Traumatol Rehabil volume 4 issue .... One cause of compartment syndrome is through exercise called Chronic Exertional Compartment ... in increase tissue pressure within a limited fibro osseous compartment muscle size may increase by up ... causing tissue ischemia Touliopolous, 1999 . The cause of compartment syndrome is due to excess ... of edema. Pathophysiology Any condition that results in an increase in compartment contents or reduction ... more details
unreferenced date February 2010 Image Glove box.jpg thumb 300px Glove compartment of Ford Fusion North America Ford Fusion with User guide owner s manual . For the sealed container for handling hazardous materials, see glovebox . A glove compartment or glovebox is a compartment built into the dashboard , located over the front seat passenger s footwell in an automobile , often used for miscellaneous storage. The name derives from the original purpose of the compartment, to store glove s. In most vehicles, the glove compartment closes with a latch, with the option of being locked with a key often desirable when using Valet parking valet service, or when parking while the convertible top is down . Gloves were originally worn to keep the hands clean. Driving gloves were considered necessary equipment in early cars, many without a hard top, to prevent the cooling effect of fast moving air from numbing drivers hands. Gloves are still considered necessary equipment on motorcycles for the same reason. motorcycles do not have glove boxes On some vehicles, the inside of the compartment s door may have an area for cup holder holding cups when open, and a section for holding a pen or pencil. On some newer cars, the glove compartment is temperature controlled, allowing for its use as a cooler. On others, such as the Toyota Yaris hatchback, multiple glove compartments are provided. A glove compartment is occasionally referred to as a jockey box , especially in the U.S. Upper Rocky Mountain states such as Idaho and Montana , but is found as far south as Texas . In South Africa, it is called a cubby hole . In Turkey, it is called Torpedo Compartment . According to the BBC Four programme Penelope Keith and the Fast Lady it was Dorothy Levitt who first coined the phrase glove compartment as she advised motorists to carry a number of pairs of gloves to deal with many eventualities. CarDesign nav DEFAULTSORT Glove Compartment Category Automotive body parts da Handskerum de Handschuhfach ... more details
COA elements In heraldry , a compartment is a design placed under the Shield heraldry shield , usually ... part of the compartment. It is sometimes said to represent the land held by the bearer. As an official ... to have different supporters for different families or entities, although sometimes the compartment is treated in the blazon separately from the supporters. If the compartment is mentioned in the blazon ... Kingdom are required to have a compartment with plant badges. ref http www.archive.org details completeguidetoh00foxdrich Fox Davies, AC, The Complete Guide to Heraldry 1909 , p444 ref If no compartment ... 1909 , p441 ref . The current arms of the Commonwealth of Australia are usually depicted on a compartment .... The compartment of the coat of arms of Michigan is similar. ref http law.onecle.com michigan ... arms are augmented by supporters, a compartment will be added too. In rare cases, a compartment might be granted as an augmentation heraldry augmentation . A compartment without supporters is possible but practically unknown, with the exception of the Coat of Arms of South Australia . A compartment ... in more recent Canada Canadian grants, such as the compartment of the University of Northern British ... a specific piece of geography Kenya s compartment is Mount Kenya and the compartment of Arbel ez ... Columbia flags ref However, there are some unusual compartments. The compartment of the Association ... Cumberland County Council have a wall as a compartment, ref http www.civicheraldry.co.uk ... coat of arms ref The chief of Clan Robertson Clan Donnachaidh has a man in chains as a compartment, while ... contain another unique compartment. ref http www.ngw.nl int nzl gisborne.htm The arms of Gisborne ... compartment in the former coat of arms of Malta . File Coat of Arms of Anne, the Princess Royal.svg A mount vert compartment in the coat of arms of Anne, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom. File Wappen sterreichische L nder 1915 Mittel .png A vegetal compartment branches in a 1915 depiction ... more details
or all communication elements. Members of a compartment are able and willing to communicate among each other according to compartment s operational and policy rules. Conceptually a compartment maintains ... defines a member. Before one can send a data packet to a compartment member, a resolution step is required ... whether a member is a node, a set of servers or a software module. This rather abstract definition of compartment ... more details
Refimprove date June 2007 Infobox Anatomy Name Fascial compartment Latin compartmentum GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray440 color.png Caption Cross section through middle of left leg. Anterior compartment at upper left lateral at center left deep posterior at center superficial posterior at bottom right. Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber On the human body , the Limb anatomy limb s can be divided into segments, such as the arm and the forearm of the upper limb , and the thigh and the leg of the lower limb . If these segments are cut transversely, it is apparent that they are divided into multiple sections. These are called fascial compartments , and are formed by tough connective tissue septum septa . These compartments usually have a separate nerve and blood supply to their neighbours. The muscles in each compartment will often all be supplied by the same nerve. ref Check must have at least one reference. ref See also Compartment syndrome Fascia Fascial compartments of arm Fascial compartments of leg References Reflist http www.anatomy.uams.edu anatomyhtml fascia alpha.html Fasciae and Aponeuroses Organized by Region Department of Anatomy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Muscular system DEFAULTSORT Fascial Compartment Category Limbs Category Muscular system Muscle stub ar ... more details
In pharmacokinetics , a compartment is a defined volume of body fluids . It is distinguished from anatomic compartment s, which are bounded by fasciae . It is used in multi compartment model s. Examples There are five major body compartments ref name Rang102 cite book author Rang, H. P. title Pharmacology publisher Churchill Livingstone location Edinburgh year 2003 pages isbn 0 443 07145 4 oclc doi Page 102 ref blood plasma interstitial fluid fat tissue intracellular fluid transcellular fluid The transcellular compartment includes fluids in the pleural cavity or peritoneal cavity . Comparison table class wikitable Compartment estimated of body mass ref name Rang102unless Unless else specified in table, then ref s cite book author Rang, H. P. title Pharmacology publisher Churchill Livingstone location Edinburgh year 2003 pages isbn 0 443 07145 4 oclc doi Page 102 ref blood plasma 5 interstitial fluid 16 fat tissue 20 see also body fat percentage intracellular fluid 35 transcellular fluid 2 Mnemonic 60 40 20 15 5 of TBW, Intracellular fluid, Extracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, plasma References reflist Pharmacology Category Pharmacokinetics ar ... more details
International Space Station modules Docking Compartment 1 Pirs Docking Compartment 2 Poisk Other docking modules of the Russian Orbital Segment Docking and Cargo Module Rassvet , implementing the Docking and Stowage Module Universal Docking Module Nodal Module Other docking modules of the ISS Unity ISS module Unity Node 1 Harmony ISS module Harmony Node 2 Tranquility ISS module Tranquility Node 3 See also Mini Research Module s Category Components of the International Space Station bg es Compartimento de atraque ... more details
Multiple issues wikify September 2010 confusing December 2011 expert subject December 2011 The perinucleolar compartment PNC is a subnuclear structure associated with, but structurally distinct from, the nucleolus . The PNC contains large amounts of the hnRNP called hnRNP 1 PTB . Many RNA binding protein s as well as RNA polymerase III transcripts are highly enriched in this compartment. PTB and pol III transcripts are required for the integrity of the PNC. 1 References reflist External links http npd.hgu.mrc.ac.uk compartments perinuc.html http npd.hgu.mrc.ac.uk search.php?action builddetails&geneid 1NP00539 Category Nuclear substructures cell biology stub Nucleus ... more details
Image Preuss Abteilwagen C3 P9030010.JPG thumb 280px Prussian 3rd class compartment coach A compartment ... or compartments, with no means of moving between each compartment ref Ellis Railway Encyclopaedia 73 ref . English origins Originally compartment coaches were passenger coaches with several, separate compartments in the same coach body, each compartment having its own doors on the side of the coach to enable passengers to board and alight. The compartment coach was developed at the very beginning of the railway era in England simply by placing a post coach body on a railway undercarriage. Compartment ... . American corridor coach main corridor coach The compartment coach should not be confused with the classic ... also has separate compartments and is still known as a compartment coach in other languages e.g. German ... with a corridor down one side. Early compartment coaches The first compartment coaches in the 19th century comprised several cabins on one undercarriage, similar to the post coaches. Compartment coaches with doors for each compartment, without any connexion between compartments, were built up to the end ... about 1880, four wheeled compartment coaches were typical. After the end of the wave of nationalisations ... therefore to be converted. After the turn of the century, fourth class compartment coaches were also procured. Four and six wheeled compartment coaches were initially used in all Train categories in Europe train categories on main lines. With the advent of the D Zug express coaches in 1892, compartment ... to a lesser extent in Baden , Kingdom of Bavaria Bavaria and Alsace Lorraine , eight wheeled compartment .... Initially the window frames on compartment coaches like the coach bodies themselves were made of wood ... at one end of the coach. These were removed in 1930. Of the 21,000 compartment coaches of all ... the centre axle was removed from 1920 on many of the six wheeled compartment coaches, because it had ... 500 four wheeled compartment coaches of Prussian design were ordered 50 seconds and 450 Wagen third ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date August 2008 In chemistry , a compartment is a part of a protein that serves a specific function. There may be multiple compartments on one and the same protein. One example is the case of Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex . This is the enzyme which catalyses Pyruvate decarboxylation , the reaction of Pyruvate with Coenzyme A and the major entry point into the TCA cycle Pyruvate Coenzyme A NAD sup sup acetyl CoA NADH H sup sup CO sub 2 sub Pyruvate dehydrogenase has three chemical compartments E1 pyruvate decarboxylase , E2 dihydrolipoyl transacetylase and E3 dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase . Each one of the compartments has its own specific function. Category Molecular biology biochemistry stub ... more details
external links date September 2010 Image Cellular One logo.svg 300px thumb Cellular One logo Cellular One is the trademarked brand name used by several cellular service providers in the United States and Bermuda ... its acquisition of Dobson Communications . Cellular One was originally the trade name of one of the first ... formed Cellular One to offer service to the Baltimore Washington, D.C. , area. In 1984, cellular ... Cellular One, were sold from Metromedia to Southwestern Bell in 1987. In 1989, Southwestern Bell Mobile Systems and McCaw Cellular McCaw Communications formed a partnership called Cellular One Group. In 1992, Vanguard II Cellular Vanguard Cellular Systems joined the group. In 1995, Cellular One opened ... usually affiliates of the local landline telephone company. A new slogan was also developed, Cellular One Clear Across America , recognizing cellular s national reach, although there were very few national plans at this time. In 1995, Cellular One affiliates had over 5 million customers and affiliates .... Not all A side carriers participated most notably, L.A. Cellular, in the nation s second largest market, Los Angeles , never participated in Cellular One, and did not have agreements with Cellular One for some time. AT&T purchased McCaw Cellular in 1994 shortly thereafter, AT&T renamed ..., the Cellular One group name became the sole property of Western Wireless. In 2004 Cingular merged with AT&T Wireless, which had acquired Vanguard in 1999, formally reuniting the original Cellular One ... under the Cellular One brand prior to being purchased by Alltel . Dobson main Dobson Communications The Cellular One brand name was also used by Dobson Cellular in various rural markets in the continental United States continental US and in Alaska . In December 2005, Dobson purchased the rights to the Cellular ... 2007, Dobson has been acquired by AT&T . The Cellular One brand was sold to Trilogy Partners as a result of the terms of the acquisition agreement. Regional markets that operate under the Cellular One ... more details
Infobox Company company name Consumer Cellular logo File Consumer Cellularr logo.png 175px company type ... Tigard, OR 97224 industry Cellular phone plans homepage http www.consumercellular.com Consumer Cellular Consumer Cellular is a Mobile Virtual Network Operator , founded by John Marick and Greg Pryor ... renegotiated Consumer Cellular s contract with AT&T to obtain a national footprint. They now use AT&T s network, and coverage includes all 50 US states. Consumer Cellular specializes in no contract cell phone plans for the mature market. ref http telephonyonline.com wireless news consumer cellular mobile mature 0409 index.html Telephony Online Consumer Cellular targets the mobile mature ref The company ... Inc 5000 profile for Consumer Cellular ref History In 2005, Consumer Cellular began a relationship with the AARP , ref http news.opb.org article 2888 small portland cellular provider teams aarp News Small Portland Cellular Provider Teams Up with AARP ref making the company the first cell phone ..., more than 85 of Consumer Cellular s current customers are older than 50. ref http blogs.usatoday.com ... Senior Citizens Can Find Special Cell Phone Plans and Discounts ref In June, 2010 Consumer Cellular ... center in Phoenix, Arizona. ref http www.consumercellular.com About PressRelease 56 Consumer Cellular ... between its Tigard, Oregon and Phoenix, Arizona locations. During the summer of 2011, Consumer Cellular ... Consumer Cellular mobile devices. ref http www.consumercellular.com About PressRelease 118 Consumer Cellular Now Available in Sears Stores Nationwide ref As of 2012, the Tigard based company had 457 employees. ref cite web title Consumer Cellular url http assets.bizjournals.com portland blog List ... accessdate 10 March 2012 ref Products Consumer Cellular offers a variety of products ranging from senior friendly cell phones to full featured Smartphones. Consumer Cellular brought Doro telecoms Doro phones, a cellular phone designed by the award winning Swedish company specializing in innovative ... more details
Infobox company company name United States Cellular Corporation company logo Image US Cellular.svg company ... United States Cellular Corporation , doing business as d.b.a. U.S. Cellular nyse USM ...&p irol IRHome title U.S. Cellular & 124 Investor Relations & 124 U.S. Cellular Investor Relations ... story u s cellular posts 329m loss despite revenue jump 2009 02 26?utm medium rss&utm source rss&cmp id OTC RSS FW0 title U.S. Cellular posts 329M loss despite revenue jump publisher FierceWireless ... . Mention neighborhood in lead Corporate information U.S. Cellular was created in 1983 as a subsidiary of Telephone and Data Systems TDS , Inc., which still owns an 84 stake. U.S Cellular features free ... publisher U.S. Cellular date accessdate 2011 10 10 ref As a public service, U.S. Cellular works ... Alerts publisher U.S. Cellular date accessdate 2011 10 10 ref On October 1, 2010, U.S. Cellular ... the belief project index.html title The Belief Project publisher U.S. Cellular date ... Choice Awards 2010 Cellular Service Providers Contract Providers publisher PCMag.com date 2010 09 07 accessdate 2011 10 10 ref J. D. Power and Associates continually rates U.S. Cellular as having ... Us publisher U.S. Cellular date 2009 05 15 accessdate 2011 10 10 ref The North Central Region IL,IN, MI ... map coverage indicator.html title Coverage Indicator & 124 Cell Phone Coverage publisher U.S. Cellular ... us cellular tops consumer reports survey att mobility in last dead link date October 2011 ref Network Originally, U.S. Cellular used Digital AMPS TDMA cell phones in most markets, but the company has completed shifting over to 1xRTT CDMA technology. After the switch, U.S. Cellular has discontinued all analog and TDMA services. In 2009, U.S. Cellular started converting its network to EVDO which offers 3G speeds. U.S. Cellular plans to eventually use GSM based 3GPP Long Term Evolution LTE for its future 4G network. ref http www.eweek.com c a Mobile and Wireless US Cellular Plans to Launch 4G ... more details
Cellular routers are Router computing router s that provide shared Internet access by incorporating a cellular data modem and providing traditional interfaces like Ethernet and WiFi . ref citebook title Wireless Home Networking for Dummies author Danny Briere coauthors Pat Hurley, Edward Ferris publisher For Dummies edition 3 year 2008 isbn 978 0470258897 page 265 ref They can be deployed as a primary WAN link to a location where wired connections are not cost effective, can also be used as a secondary or business continuity plan should the primary cabled link fail, or can be used in moving vehicles to provide Internet access while in motion. Cellular routers range from simple SOHO network oriented devices through rugged industrial units with advanced features. File HSDPA cellular router.jpg thumb HSDPA cellular router Types There several types of devices. The compact variety is where the cellular modem and the router are the same device. These are also called integrated or embedded cellular routers. A modular device is one that connects the cellular modem to the router. These are sometimes called slide devices if there is a receptacle for a wireless modem cellular data card . Other types allow for a USB wireless modem to plug in. Smartphone s also have the ability to act as a mobile hotspot , though the mobile network operator s do charge a fee for this convenience. ref cite web title Wi Fi tethering 101 Use a smartphone as a mobile hotspot url http www.computerworld.com s article 9221336 Wi Fi tethering 101 Use a smartphone as a mobile hotspot author Brian Nadel date November 4, 2011 publisher Computerworld accessdate 2012 01 16 ref References reflist Category Mobile Web Category Routers computing Category Wireless networking ar ro Ruter celular ... more details
Rural Cellular was a telecommunications company that had run the Unicel mobile network. It operated in Midwest , Northeast, Northwest and the Southern regions of the United States and was bought by Verizon Wireless on January 25, 2009. It is owned by Mathias Hammer . External links http www.unicel.com Rural Cellular Corporation Category Defunct mobile phone companies of the United States Category Article Feedback 5 Telecom company stub ... more details
notability null date January 2011 refimprove date January 2011 Cellular Chaos is a band featuring Weasel Walter , Ceci Moss, and Marc Edwards drummer Marc Edwards , based in New York City. Walter classifies it as a guitar freakout band . ref http www.brooklynvegan.com tag Cellular Chaos ref Walter says an official release will be forthcoming. ref http nowave.pair.com weasel walter ww news.html ref References reflist Category Rock music groups from New York ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Dablink See Biological material for other meanings. Cellular component refers to the unique, highly organized substances and substances of which Cell biology cells , and thus living organism s, are composed. Examples include biological membrane membranes , organelle s, protein s, and nucleic acid s. Whilst the majority of cellular components are located within the cell itself, some may exist in extracellular areas of an organism. Cellular components may also be called biological matter or biological material . Most biological matter has the characteristics of soft matter , being governed by relatively small energies. All known life is made of biological matter. To be differentiated from other Alternative biochemistry theoretical or fictional life forms , such life may be called Carbon based life carbon based , cellular , organic , biological , or even simply living as some definitions of life exclude alternative biochemistry . See also Cell biology Biological tissue Tissue Biomolecule DEFAULTSORT Cellular Component Category Biological matter Biology stub Saving will record your IP address in this page s edit ... more details
unreferenced date March 2011 Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc. was a Mobile phone cellular carrier formed in 1984 by Steve Leeolou, Haynes Griffin, Rich Preyor and Chuck Hagel . It was the largest independent non wireline cellular carrier in the 1990s. Vanguard was acquired in 1999 by AT&T Wireless , which was later acquired by Cingular Wireless , now the new AT&T. At its peak over 2000 people were employed at Vanguard. Vanguard headquarters was in Greensboro, NC , USA. Vanguard Cellular Systems operated cellular systems in Maine, New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, South Carolina, and Florida and owned interests in other systems throughout the United States and internationally. Vanguard initially deployed Nortel Advanced Mobile Phone System AMPS technology, and later migrated to TDMA, also known as Digital AMPS D AMPS . Founder Steve Leeolou is currently CEO at Conterra Ultra Broadband in Charlotte, NC which employs several former Vanguard employees. Haynes Griffin went on to form Frontline Wireless and is CEO. He is also the CEO and chairman of Insect Shield Insect Shield, LLC , another Greensboro based company. Category Defunct telecommunications companies of the United States Telecom company stub ... more details
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