functions. Word character A word character has special meaning in some aspects of computing. A word character typically means a letter of the alphabet A Z upper or lower case , the digits 0 to 9, and the underscore ...SpecialChars In computer and machine based telecommunication s terminology, a character is a unit of information ... includes control character s, which do not correspond to symbols in a particular natural language ... into string computer science string s. Character encoding main Character encoding Computers and communication equipment represent characters using a character encoding that assigns each character ... are ASCII and the UTF 8 encoding for Unicode . While most character encodings map characters to numbers ... of varying length. Terminology Historically, the term character has been widely used by industry professionals to refer to an encoded character , often as defined by the programming language or application programming interface API . Likewise, character set has been widely used to refer to a specific .... The term glyph is used to describe a particular visual appearance of a character. Many computer typeface font s consist of glyphs that are indexed by the numerical code of the corresponding character ... forms , clarify date June 2009 , a character is increasingly being seen as a unit of data information , independent of any particular visual manifestation. The Universal Character Set ISO IEC 10646 Unicode International Standard defines character , or abstract character as a member of a set of elements ... this. But nonetheless in Unicode they are considered the same character, and share the same code ... size byte entity, which is large enough to store a character value from ASCII or other encodings ... wchar t code , or more than one byte per character such as UTF 8 , are used. Unfortunately the fact that a character was stored in a byte led to the two terms being used interchangeably in most documentation ... code Regular expression POSIX character classes regular expression character class ref See also Fill ... more details
Sets Computing Category Character sets ...Several binary representations of character sets for common Western European languages are compared in this article ... are spoken all over the world. Also, these character sets happen to support many other languages such as Malay ... The ISO 8859 series of 8 bit character sets encodes all Latin character sets used in Europe , albeit ... differs from CP850 only by one character a rarely used dotless i was replaced by euro currency ... that include all of the ISO 8859 1 characters. The Mac OS Roman character set often referred to as MacRoman ... to munge the few characters that were in ISO 8859 1 but not their native Macintosh character set ... F0 sub hexadecimal HEX sub was used in the Macintosh character sets for the Apple logo. The Apple ... by the limitations of early computing networks . There was the ISO 646 group of encodings ... to support the euro sign , and most character sets had to be adapted in some way. Apple with MacRoman ... mapped in all character sets listed here. The ASCII ASCII printable characters ASCII coding standard ... by Unicode code point. Character sets are referred to here by their Internet Assigned Numbers ... to say add a new character set. class wikitable Character Code point ISO 8859 1 ISO 8859 15 WINDOWS ... bgcolor E8E8E8 EE F8 Character Code point ISO 8859 1 ISO 8859 15 WINDOWS 1252 IBM437 IBM850 MACINTOSH ... U 00BF BF BF BF A8 A8 C0 Character Code point ISO 8859 1 ISO 8859 15 WINDOWS 1252 IBM437 IBM850 MACINTOSH ... CF CF CF bgcolor E8E8E8 D8 EC Character Code point ISO 8859 1 ISO 8859 15 WINDOWS 1252 IBM437 ... U 00DF DF DF DF E1 E1 A7 Character Code point ISO 8859 1 ISO 8859 15 WINDOWS 1252 IBM437 ... ED ED A1 A1 92 U 00EE EE EE EE 8C 8C 94 U 00EF EF EF EF 8B 8B 95 Character Code point ISO 8859 1 ... 00FF FF FF FF 98 98 D8 Character Code point ISO 8859 1 ISO 8859 15 WINDOWS 1252 IBM437 IBM850 MACINTOSH ... E8E8E8 bgcolor E8E8E8 98 bgcolor E8E8E8 bgcolor E8E8E8 F7 Character Code ... more details
wiktionary character characters Character s may refer to tocright Art and entertainment Character arts , an agent in a work of art, including literature, drama, cinema, opera, etc. Character film Character film , a 1997 Dutch film, based on the novel by Dutch author Ferdinand Bordewijk Character album Character album , by Dark Tranquillity Character role playing games Character role playing games , a fictional person controlled by a participant Characters Stevie Wonder album Characters Stevie Wonder album , 1987 Characters John Abercrombie album Characters John Abercrombie album , 1977 Character Options , a toy company The Characters , a Theophrastus The Characters book by the Greek philosopher Theophrastus Mathematics, science and technology ratchet click Character mathematics , a type of function used in algebra Character structure , a psychological system of personal traits Moral character , an evaluation of a particular individual s moral qualities Game character disambiguation , various types of character in a video game or role playing game Player character , as above but who is controlled or whose actions are directly chosen by a player Non player character , as above but not player controlled Symbols Charactercomputing , a unit of information roughly corresponding to a grapheme Character symbol , a sign or symbol Chinese character , a written language symbol sinogram used in Chinese, Japanese, and other languages Other Character income tax , a type of income for tax purposes in the USA Sacramental character , a Catholic teaching Charaktery , a monthly magazine in Poland See also lookfrom intitle disambiguation ca Car cter da Karakter de Charakter Begriffskl rung es Car cter fr Caract re ko it Carattere ms Aksara nl Karakter ja pl Karakter pt Car cter ro Caracter ru simple Character sk Charakter tl Karakter tr Karakter ur Character ... more details
About the formal concept of computation computation the magazine Computing magazine the scientific journal Computing journal File Babbage Difference Engine Being utilised .jpg thumb 300px A difference engine computing the solution to a polynomial function File Moody Hall computer lab.jpg thumb 250px ... Wikimedia Foundation Wikimedia Server computing server s Computing is the activity of using computer hardware and computer software software . Definitions Computing Curricula 2005 ref name curricula The Joint Task Force for Computing Curricula 2005. http www.acm.org education curric vols CC2005 March06Final.pdf Computing Curricula 2005 The Overview Report pdf ref defined computing as blockquote In a general way, we can define computing to mean any goal oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computers. Thus, computing includes designing and building hardware and software ... The term computing has sometimes been narrowly defined, as in a 1989 Association for Computing Machinery ACM report on Computing as a Discipline ref http cs.gmu.edu cne pjd GP CompDisc.pdf Computing as a Discipline pdf ref blockquote The discipline of computing is the systematic study of algorithmic ..., and application. The fundamental question underlying all computing is What can be efficiently automated? blockquote Computing Curricula 2005 ref name curricula also recognizes that the meaning of computing depends on the context blockquote Computing also has other meanings that are more ... will view computing somewhat differently from a software engineer. Regardless of the context, doing computing well can be complicated and difficult. Because society needs people to do computing well, we must think of computing not only as a profession but also as a discipline. blockquote The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to mechanical computing machines. A computer is a machine that reads, stores, manipulates and displays ... more details
School of Computing may refer to School of Computing Robert Gordon University DIT School of Computing NUS School of Computing disambig ... more details
In computing , code findstr code is a command computing command in the command line interpreter s Shell computing shells of Microsoft Windows . It is used to search for a specific text string in files. The command sends the specified lines to the standard output device. Overview Syntax Arguments Flags Note Example See also Regular expression Wildcard character List of DOS commands find grep References http technet.microsoft.com en us library bb490907.aspx Microsoft documentation for findstr Windows commands Category DOS on IBM PC compatibles Category Microcomputer software Category Windows administration Category Pattern matching storage software stub windows stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Dablink See the scalar disambiguation scalar disambiguation page for an account of the broader concept used in physics and mathematics. In computing, a scalar is any non Object composition composite Value computer science value . Generally, all basic primitive data type s are considered scalar The boolean data type code bool code Numeric types code Integer computer science int code , the floating point types code float code and code double code Character types code Character computer science char char code and code String computer science string code The origin of the term scalar in computing dates back to the 1970 80s with the scalar processor , distinguishing it from a vector processor . See also Primitive data type Scalar processor DEFAULTSORT Scalar Computing Category Data types Datastructure stub ca Escalar inform tica de Skalare Variable es Escalar inform tica ... more details
Network computing is a generic term in computing which refers to computers or Node networking nodes working together over a computer network network . It may also mean Cloud computing Distributed computing Virtual Network Computing disambig Category Computer networking Computing Category Virtual Network Computing simple Network computing zh ... more details
Character interval In a communications system , the total number of unit intervals required to transmit any given charactercomputingcharacter , including synchronizing , information , error checking , or control character s, but not including signals that are not associated with individual characters. An example of a time interval that is excluded when determining character interval is any time added between the end of a stop signal and the beginning of the next start signal to accommodate changing transmission telecommunications transmission conditions, such as a change in data signaling rate or Buffer telecommunication buffering requirements. This added time is defined as a part of the intercharacter interval . FS1037C Category Data transmission ... more details
COI date April 2009 Technical date May 2009 Reconfigurable computing is a computer architecture combining ... flexible high speed computing fabrics like FPGA field programmable gate array s FPGAs . The principal ... The concept of reconfigurable computing has existed since the 1960s, when Gerald Estrin ... Bobda2007 C. Bobda Introduction to Reconfigurable Computing Architectures Springer, 2007 ref such as http ..., Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Field Programmable Custom Computing Machines FCCM 97, April ... staff. ref http www.algotronix.com people tom album.html Algotronix History ref Reconfigurable computing ... streams highlight3 colspan 2 Reconfigurable Computing Systems highlight3 Programming Source Resources ... Reiner Hartenstein describes reconfigurable computing in terms of an anti machine that, according ... . ref Hartenstein, R. 2001. A decade of reconfigurable computing a visionary retrospective. In Proceedings .... ref Hartenstein calls it Reconfigurable Computing Paradox, that software to configware migration ... model of the reconfigurable computing machine paradigm, the data stream based anti machine ... by Nick Tredennick s following classification scheme of computing paradigms see Table 1 Nick Tredennick s Paradigm Classification Scheme . ref N. Tredennick The Case for Reconfigurable Computing ... machine Reconfigurable Computing Machine , the data stream based anti machine also called Xputer , is the counterpart ... . Example of a streaming model of computation Problem We are given 2 character arrays of length 256 ... clock of the FPGA. See also Reconfigurable computing terminology Partial re configuration Sprinter computer Sprinter 1chipMSX PSoC Milkymist PipeRench Computing with Memory High Performance Reconfigurable Computing References Reflist 2 Further reading S. Hauck and A. DeHon, Reconfigurable Computing The Theory and Practice of FPGA Based Computing , Morgan Kaufmann , 2008. J. Henkel, S. Parameswaran ... editor et al. Reconfigurable Computing Systems. Special Topic Issue of Journal it Information Technology ... more details
distinguish delete key In computing, delete charactercomputingcharacter sometimes also called rubout is the last character in the ASCII repertoire, with the code 127 number 127 . ref http rubout.askdefine.com definition of the rubout character 7F hex ref Not a graphic character , it denoted as code ? code in caret notation and has a graphic representation unicode in Unicode like all ASCII control character s, while its meaning is a bit unclear. There is no common method to input this character on modern keyboards, although in some environments especially, Unix like systems the keypress Backspace key or combination of keypress Control and keypress Backspace in, for example, Notepad software Notepad may generate this code. align right class wikitable style font size x large align center A sample of delete character is above. br It may be invisible in some environments. History align right width 16em style margin left 1em margin bottom 1ex bgcolor black rowspan 5 bgcolor black rowspan 5 small null character NUL small small carriage return CR small small line feed LF small bgcolor FFFF99 small DEL small small SP small colspan 12 style font size small Delete along with some ... by HTML table This code was originally used to mark deleted characters on punched tape , since any character could be changed to all ones by punching holes everywhere. If a character was punched erroneously ... terminals, this is the character generated by the key labelled Unicode , usually called backspace ... use Unix like operating systems are known to use it as stty tt erase tt control character, i.e. to delete the previous character in the line mode . This, though, differs from its original function ... Windows never used this character in any way, using the backspace 0x08, or control H to delete the previous character. VGA compatible text mode EGA VGA fonts , as fonts used by Win32 console , usually ... Category Text user interface Category History of computing ... more details
Refimprove date April 2010 In computing and telecommunication , an escape character is a charactercomputingcharacter which invokes an alternative interpretation on subsequent characters in a character sequence. An escape character is a particular case of metacharacter s. Generally, the judgement of whether something is an escape character or not depends on context. Definition Escape characters are part ... an escape sequence is a digraph computing digraph consisting of an escape character itself and a quoted character. Control character Generally, an escape character is not a particular case of device control character s, nor vice versa. If we define control characters as non graphic character graphic ... octet computing octet 175, or ASCII as an escape character. The octet immediately following should be XOR .... For a given alphabet computer science alphabet an escape character s purpose is to start character ... occurring alone. An escape character may not have its own meaning, so all escape sequences ... by the alphabet. The second use, referred to as character quoting , is to represent characters which ... then any escape character for this device is a control one. But escape characters used in programming ... are not escape characters. In many programming languages, an escape character also forms some escape sequences which are referred to control characters. For example, Line break computing line break has a escape sequence of code n . Examples ASCII escape character main Escape sequence The ASCII escape character octal 033, or , or, in decimal, 27 is used in many output devices to start a series of characters called a Escape sequence control sequence or escape sequence . Typically, the escape character ... by the American National Standards Institute ANSI X3.64 standard. The escape character also starts ... escape character is found in Bob Bemer s IBM technical publications. Apparently, it is he who invented this mechanism, during his work on the ASCII character set. The Escape key is usually found ... more details
games may get with different levels. Overview see also Avatar computing Avatars A player character ... historical persona. Such a player character is more properly an avatar computing avatar as the player character s name and image typically have little bearing on the game itself. Avatars are also commonly ... Avatar computing Non player character References Reflist MUDs state collapsed Category MUD terminology ...RPG A player character or playable character PC is a Character arts character in a video game or role ... of the story told in the course of the game. A player character is a persona of the player who ... ically called players . Some video games only have one player character, others, especially two player .... Where more than one player character is available, the characters may have slightly or completely ... character is the same throughout the course of the game despite the fact that a Campaign role ... or Final Fantasy , a player typically creates or takes on the identity of a character that may have nothing in common with the player. The character is usually of a certain often fictional race ... character is an anonymous person with no character history or backstory . Typically, this is intentionally ... without being required to play a character who is of a different age, race, gender, or background. The Stranger in the Myst franchise is such a character. In most such games, the player character has no onscreen dialogue and non player character s will typically address the player as though they don t expect a verbal response. They will never call the player character by name and will always ... has a character instead of an omnipresent status , is from the cutscene s during which the character ... , commander , or another military rank. In gaming culture, such a character was called Ageless, Faceless ... and secret characters In contrast, a non player character often shortened to NPC is a character ... character may be a playable character in a video game available after completing the game or meeting ... more details
Hexadecimal hex Computer mathematics Computer numbering formats Character data storage CharactercomputingCharacter string computer science String plain text P lain Iwakura ... Contents Outlines . Further improvements are on the way. See also Index of computing articles The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to computingComputing &ndash ... specific part of information technology . Nature of computingComputing can be described as all ... models Computational models Scientific computing Metacomputing Topological computing Autonomic Computing Computers Main Computer Outline of computers See information processor for a high level block diagram. Computer History of computing hardware Personal computer hardware CPU design Computer ... Programming languages Interpreter computing interpreter s compiler s assembler computer programming ... computer, Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator EDSAC . History of computing History of computing hardware from the tally stick to the quantum computer History of computer science Punched ... Business computing Accounting software Computer aided design Computer aided manufacturing Computer ... Lifecycle Management Utility Computing Human factors Accessible computing Computer induced medical problems Computer user satisfaction Human computer interaction Human centered computing Computer network ... Network Management Computing technology based wireless networking CbWN The main goal of CbWN is to optimize ... computer Programmable logic controller or PLC Server computing Server Smartphone Supercomputer ... Lab Professional div col colwidth 30em Association for Computing Machinery ACM http www.asc.org.uk Association for Survey Computing ASC British Computer Society BCS Canadian Information Processing Society ... Apdex Alliance Application Performance Index Application Response Measurement ARM Computing publications Persons influential in computing Bill Gates Paul Allen Steve Jobs Steve Wozniak See also ... more details
Elastic computing is the use of computer resources which vary dynamically to meet a variable workload. ref citation title Cloud Computing Principles and Paradigms publisher John Wiley and Sons year 2011 isbn 9780470887998 ref This is a feature of cloud computing such as the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud . References reflist citation author Perez et al title Responsive Elastic Computing isbn 978 1 60558 578 9 Category Cloud computingcomputing stub ... more details
multiple issues orphan April 2010 context April 2010 unreferenced April 2010 expert April 2010 Technical computing is the application of the mathematical and computational principles of scientific computing to solve practical problems of industrial interest. The distinction between technical computing and scientific computing is similar to the distinction between high performance computing and high performance technical computing . Technical computing may involve the use of large scale high performance supercomputer s, but in most cases, the technical problems may be solvable using modern laptop s or small Server computing servers . DEFAULTSORT Technical Computing Category Supercomputing computer stub ... more details
computing, players with the requisite knowledge began designing character sheets with computers ...about the character sheet used in roleplaying the character sheet used in animation and comics Character sheet animation File Stormbringer Charakterbogen.png thumb 200px right A custom character sheet for the Stormbringer role playing game Stormbringer role playing game in German language German A character sheet is a record of a player character in a role playing game , including whatever details, notes, game statistics, and background information a player would need during a play session. Character ... games make use of character sheets in some fashion even rules light systems and freeform role playing game s record character details in some manner. The role playing video game equivalent is known ... use records that could be compared to character sheets. Overview What is considered relevant can vary by game and personal preference one player may consider his character s eye colour or personal ... on their sheet if their character suffers an injury. Character sheets for a game are usually found ... with character sheets for the players to print out themselves. It is not uncommon for players to create custom character sheets, to their own design, rather than use the publisher s official offerings. A player may have an additional character sheet if he also controls a second character, a cohort ... proper character sheets for non player character s NPCs if he wishes to keep full information on the character ... than the usual main character sheets. Design General characteristics A character sheet is likely to include fairly stable attributes, such as the character s name and physical characteristics. It may ... e.g. hit point s and an inventory of items possessed. It is common for a character sheet to essentially be a record of a character s history as changes are made and important things noted. It is referenced during gameplay. Despite the name, a single character sheet may actually be two or more pages ... more details
unreferenced date July 2009 A Business and Computing is a double degree dual degree program offered jointly by some computing and business schools. The program generally lasts four five years instead of seven eight years to complete separate the two degrees and results in the candidate earning both a Bachelor of Business degree and a Bachelor of Computing degree. Graduating Business and Computing students may choose to work on computing technical matter, or enter the business world, or even enjoy the gray area between business and computing fields such as IT security officer, IT consultant, etc. Even though a majority of Business and Computing graduate from a single university, there are people who earn these degrees from different universities. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Business And Computing Category Business education Category Bachelor s degrees edu stub ... more details
The term wildcard character has the following meanings Telecommunication In telecommunication s, a WildCard is a charactercomputingcharacter that may be substituted for any of a defined subset of all possible characters. In high frequency HF radio automatic link establishment , the wildcard character ? may be substituted for any one of the 36 characters, A through Z and 0 through 9. Whether the wildcard character represents a single character or a string computer science string of characters must be specified. Computing In computer software technology, a wildcard character can be used to substitute for any other character or characters in a string. Files and directories When specifying file names or paths in CP M , DOS , Microsoft Windows and Unix like operating system s, the asterisk asterisk character substitutes for any zero or more characters, and the question mark question mark ? substitutes for any one character or less but not more than the amount of question marks. For example 123??? will match 1231 or 12313 but not 1239919991. In Unix shell s and Windows PowerShell , ranges of characters enclosed in square brackets square brackets and substitute for all the characters in their ranges for example, A Za z substitutes for any single capitalized or lowercase letter. Unix shells allow negation of the specified characters within brackets by using a leading . Matching wildcard ... or more characters, and underscore a single character. Transact SQL also supports square brackets square brackets and to list sets and ranges of characters to match, a leading matches only a character ... the asterisk sign matches zero or more characters, and question mark ? a single character. In SAP the plus sign matches exactly one character. Regular expressions In regular expression s, the Full stop period . is the wildcard character for a single character. Combined with the asterisk operator ... whose second character is not B and so on while a match against ABC has to search every character ... more details
Sideband computing is a general term for an area of computer science that is related to the distributed computing and multiple communication channels. Sideband is defined as when a user connects to some ... tasks to the clients. Through sideband computing method, any network server which has a lot of clients can form into a large scale super computing network. During this process, the resources in the clients ... computing environment such as Social computing , Volunteer computing , and Edge computing , Grid Computing , or Utility Computing . Collaborative task in social computing is one example. Sideband computing is also a type of super computing where each client carries out some real computation ... client, it effectively achieves the function of a real super computer. History Sideband computing is first coined by Yongyong Xu in a paper titled Global Sideband Service Distributed Computing Method ... computing. Advantage Sideband computing maximizes the participation and involvement of clients ... cost, the network server can act as a supercomputer. Most other distributed computing requires each client to manually install client side software, proactively participate in the computing and the computation is the sole objective of such client side software. With sideband computing, sideband service ... service it is served. This is similar to volunteer computing Disadvantage Sideband computing ... computing in this sense include collaborative filtering, online auctions, online ranking, mashing .... For instance, when sideband computing applies to the social computing based on each client creating or recreating social conventions and social contexts through the use of client s computing resource ... of sideband method. Another application of the sideband computing method is Peer to peer P2P , where ... routing, proxying, caching. Other claimed area of the sideband computing method are grid computing, clouding computing, cluster computing and utility computing where a node could perform functions more ... more details
history of computing This article presents a detailed Chronology timeline of events in the history of computing . For a narrative explaining the overall developments, see the related history of computing hardware and history of computer science . Computing timelines Timeline of computing 2400 BC 1949 2400 BC 1949 , Timeline of computing 1950 1979 1950 1979 , Timeline of computing 1980 1989 1980 1989 , Timeline of computing 1990 1999 1990 1999 , Timeline of computing 2000 2009 2000 2009 See also Wikibooks inline The Computer Revolution A Timeline History of computing hardware up to third generation 1960s History of computing hardware 1960s present third generation and later History of compiler writing History of the graphical user interface Timeline of operating systems Timeline of programming languages Timeline of artificial intelligence History of the Internet Timeline of hypertext technology Timeline of Internet conflicts Timeline of popular Internet services Timeline of web browsers Resources Stephen White A Brief History of Computing , http ox.compsoc.net swhite history.html. An excellent Computer history site the above is a modified version of his timeline, used with Wikipedia History of computing Permission permission . The Computer History in time and space, Graphing Project tries to build a graphical image of computer history, in particular operating system s, http comp hist.sourceforge.net clear Graphical timeline Timeline History of Computing DEFAULTSORT Timeline Of Computing Category Computing timelines Computing Category History of computing Timeline of Computing bs Hronologija historije ra unarstva fa fr Chronologie de l informatique lv Datoru att st bas hronolo ija pt Anexo Cronologia da evolu o dos computadores ru ... more details
Services Computing is an emerging cross discipline that covers the science and technology of using computing and information technology to model, create, operate, and manage business Service systems architecture service s. External links https www.ieeecommunities.org services IEEE Services Computing Online Community http tab.computer.org tcsc Technical Committee on Services Computing, IEEE Computer Society http conferences.computer.org scc IEEE International Conference on Services Computing http www.computer.org tsc IEEE Transactions on Services Computing Category Computer programming Category Service oriented business computing comp sci stub ... more details
Unconventional computing is computing by a wide range of new or unusual methods. It is also known as alternative computing . The different methods of unconventional computing include optical computing , quantum computing , chemical computer chemical computing , natural computation natural computing , biologically inspired computing , wetware computer wetware computing , DNA computer DNA computing , molecular computer molecular computing , amorphous computing , nanocomputer nanocomputing , reversible computing , ternary computer ternary computing , fluidics , analogue computer analogue computing , and domino computer domino computation . Historically, mechanical computer s were used in industry before the advent of the transistor . Mechanical computers retain some interest today both in research and as analogue computers. Some mechanical computers have a theoretical or didactic relevance, such as billiard ball computer s or hydraulic ones, ref name pen empnew Roger Penrose Penrose, Roger The Emperor s New Mind. Oxford University Press, 1990. See also corresponding The Emperor s New Mind article on it . ref . While some are actually simulated, others are not no attempt is made to build ... theoretically interesting mechanical computing scheme. Unconventional computing is, according ... in the research and development stage. This computing behavior can be simulated using the classical silicon based micro transistors or solid state electronics solid state computing technologies, but aim to achieve a new kind of computing engineering inspired in nature. Mechanisms Billiard ball s billiard ... of almost anything. Light optical computing Computers can manipulate information as light rather than electricity or billiard balls . Molecules DNA computing , chemical computing Gears, levels, dials ... acting under a special set of rules cellular automata Quantum mechanics quantum computing See also Biologically inspired computing Natural computation Network computing References references Category ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2007 In computer terminology, a fill character is a Charactercomputingcharacter transmitted solely for the purpose of consuming time. It does this by filling a timeslot on a data transmission line which would otherwise be forced to be idle empty . In this way, fill characters provide a simple way of timing required idle times. Fill characters are usually used in response to some real world limitation. For example, mechanical computer printers such as the earliest dot matrix printer s may have been able to print 30 characters per second, but when a carriage return character was received and the printhead began returning to the left margin, there was a noticeable delay before the printing of the next line could begin. Unlike modern printers, these early printers contained essentially no Buffer computer science buffer ing, so there would be no place to store the characters which would be received while the printhead was in the process of returning to the left margin. Instead, one or more fill characters would be transmitted to cover this time. In its strictest definition, fill characters cause no action to be performed at all they simply consume time. The ASCII null character is commonly used for this purpose. In actual practice with printers, though, one of the time slots that would otherwise contain a fill character was usually used to contain the line feed character that caused the paper to advance by one line. For some printers such as teleprinter s , this was all the filling that was needed. As described above, printers commonly required fill characters when the carriage was returned to the left margin. With other equipment, fill characters were occasionally required in other circumstances. For example the VT05 video terminal sometimes required fill characters when a scroll up operation was performed the process of shuffling data in the shift register memory of the VT05 was slow. In a similar fashion, communications protocols often require ... more details
Cell Computing is a now defunct distributed computing project that was operated by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone NTT Data to perform biomedical research . It used the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing BOINC platform, however it was initially launched using the United Devices Grid MP platform in 2002. ref cite pressrelease url http www.nttdata.co.jp en media 2002 042400.html date April 24, 2002 publisher NTT Data title United Devices U.S. Joins Forces with NTT DATA on Cell Computing Technology, Applying Distributed Computing to Tasks Requiring Enormous CPU Power ref The project ended in 2008 due to lack of popularity. References Reflist External links http www.cellcomputing.net Announce for project ending jp icon Category Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing projects Category Medical research Category Health informatics Category 2002 establishments network software stub cell biology stub BOINC topics ko ja Cell computing pt Cell Computing ... more details
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