recognition of the cosmicmicrowavebackground CMB radiation as a detectable phenomenon appeared in a brief ...Cosmology cTopic History of cosmological theories The accidental discovery of cosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation is a major development in modern physical cosmology . Although predicted by earlier theories ... Antenna, Penzias and Wilson stumbled on the microwavebackgroundradiation that permeates the universe. See Timeline of cosmicmicrowavebackground astronomy By the middle of the 20th century, cosmologist ... of 50K align right 1946 Robert Dicke predicts a microwavebackgroundradiation temperature of less ... associates outlined the importance of cosmicbackgroundradiation as substantiation of the Big Bang ... Gamow s estimate at 28K. align right 1960s Robert Dicke re estimates an MBR microwavebackgroundradiation temperature of 40K ref Helge Kragh align right 1964 A. G. Doroshkevich and Igor Dmitriyevich ... 60 km mi abbr on away, were preparing to search for microwaveradiation in this region of the spectrum ... P. J. E. Peebles, P. J. Roll and D. T. Wilkinson title Cosmic Black Body Radiation journal Astrophysical ... Igor Novikov , entitled Mean Density of Radiation in the Metagalaxy and Certain Problems in Relativistic ... spread over the sky, and was present day and night. They were certain that the radiation they detected ... that condensed into galaxies but also must have released a tremendous blast of radiation. With the proper instrumentation, this radiation should be detectable. When a friend Bernard F. Burke, Prof. of Physics ... radiation left over from an explosion that filled the universe at the beginning of its existence ... of the radiation detected by Penzias and Wilson fit exactly the radiation predicted by Robert H. Dicke ... and invited him to Bell Labs to look at the Horn Antenna and listen to the background noise. Robert Dicke, P. J. E. Peebles , P. G. Roll and David Todd Wilkinson D. T. Wilkinson interpreted this radiation ... Temperature at 4080 Megacycles per Second, they noted the existence of the residual background ... more details
interpret this radiation as a signature of the big bang. See also Main Timeline of cosmicmicrowavebackground astronomy , Cosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation , Galaxy formation and evolution , Orders ...Image Cobe cosmicbackground radiation.gif thumb 256px Cosmicbackgroundradiation spectrum as determined ... MicrowaveRadiation from the Sun and Moon by Robert Dicke and Robert Beringer . 1946 Robert Dicke predicts a microwavebackgroundradiation temperature of 20K ref Helge Kragh 1946 Robert Dicke predicts a microwavebackgroundradiation temperature of less that 20K but later revised to 45K ref ... at 28K. 1960s Robert Dicke re estimates a MBR microwavebackgroundradiation temperature of 40K ... Cosmology Category Cosmicbackgroundradiation ca Fons cosmol gic de Hintergrundstrahlung it Radiazione ... velocity, bottom corrected for contributions from the dipole term and from our galaxy. Cosmicbackgroundradiation is electromagnetic radiation from the sky with no discernable source. It comes from the effects of interplanetary dust, and interstellar matter . The origin of this radiation depends on the region of the electromagnetic spectrum spectrum that we are observing. One component is the cosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation . This component is redshifted photons that have freely streamed from an Timeline of the Big Bang epoch when the universe became transparent for the first time to radiation ... confirmations of the Big Bang . The Sunyaev Zel dovich effect shows the phenomena of radiant cosmicbackgroundradiation interacting with electron clouds distorting the spectrum of the radiation. There is also backgroundradiation in the infrared , x ray s, etc., with different causes, and they can sometimes be resolved into individual source. See cosmic infrared background and X ray background . See also cosmic neutrino background and extragalactic background light . History of significant events ... backgroundCosmicbackground External links http heasarc.nasa.gov docs objects background background.html ... more details
James Edwin Peebles James Peebles discover the cosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation, eventually confirmed ...Cosmology cTopic History of cosmological theories Timeline of cosmicmicrowavebackground astronomy Thermal non microwavebackground temperature predictions 1896 Charles Edouard Guillaume estimates the radiation ... WbOJgpvk&q cosmicmicrowave The Historical Development of Two Theories of the Universe 1999 ISBN 0 691 00546 X. In 1946 Robert Dicke and coworkers at MIT tested equipment that could test a cosmicmicrowavebackground of intensity corresponding to about 20K in the microwave region. However, they did not refer to such a background, but only to radiation from cosmic matter . Also this work was unreleated ... they do not specifically mention microwavebackgroundradiation, it may be inferred. ref Helge Kragh ... background at a wavelength of 3.2cm ref Dmitri I. Novikov, The Physics of the CosmicMicrowaveBackground ... PRA1 PA5,M1 page 5 ref 1960s Robert Dicke re estimates a microwavebackgroundradiation temperature ... of anisotropy in the cosmicmicrowavebackground. 1995 The Cosmic Anisotropy Telescope performs the first high resolution observations of the cosmicmicrowavebackground. 1999 The BOOMERanG ... CMB DEFAULTSORT Timeline Of CosmicMicrowaveBackground Astronomy Category Astronomy timelines Cosmicmicrowavebackground astronomy Category Observational astronomy Category Cosmology ... is about 2.3 Kelvin K 1946 Robert Dicke predicts .. radiation from cosmic matter at 20 K, but did not refer to backgroundradiation ref name Kragh Helge Kragh, Cosmology and Controversy http ... , but does not mention backgroundradiation. 1953 Erwin Finlay Freundlich in support of his tired ... radio astronomy as the arbitrator between expanding and infinite cosmologies. Microwavebackground ... with the actual temperature of interstellar space , but does not mention backgroundradiation ... either then or in later publications that the radiation is in the microwave region ... more details
and Wilson s telescope. Simulated data. There have been a variety of experiment s to measure the CosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiationCosmicmicrowavebackground CMB radiation anisotropies and polarization ... by gravitational wave s in the early universe . The design of cosmicmicrowavebackground experiments ... Of CosmicMicrowaveBackground Experiments Category Cosmicmicrowavebackground experiments gl Lista ... body spectrum DASI , which first detected the polarization signal from the CMB CosmicBackground .... Many improved microwave amplifier technologies have been designed for microwavebackground applications. Some technologies used are HEMT , Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit MMIC ... s, microwave optics usually utilize elaborate Lens optics lenses and feed horn s. Finally, the atmosphere is an issue because water absorbs microwaveradiation a fact utilized in the operation of microwave oven s , it is rather difficult to observe the microwavebackground with ground based instruments ... last Ho coauthors et al. year 2008 title The Yuan Tseh Lee Array for MicrowaveBackground Anisotropy .... check this ref name nasa lambda Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization BICEP ... Background Imager.jpeg 100px CBI CosmicBackground Imager CBI style text align center 2002 style text ... in Tenerife. ref name nasa lambda Image Cobe vision1.jpg 100px COBE CosmicBackground Explorer ... K background. Another problem is the 1 f noise 1 f noise intrinsic to all detectors. Usually ... technology style width 12 class unsortable Targets style width 3 class unsortable Ref s Advanced CosmicMicrowave Explorer ACME br Also HACME HEMT ACME style text align center 1988 style text align center ... 1993 Balloon 150 600 Bolometer ref name nasa lambda Image AMiBA 1.jpg 100px AMiBA Array for MicrowaveBackground Anisotropy AMiBA style text align center 2002 style text align center Ground Hawaii Mauna ... align center 1997 Ground 8.7 HEMT ref name nasa lambda Background Emission Anisotropy Scanning Telescope ... more details
Cosmicbackground may refer to Cosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation CMB Cosmic neutrino background C B Cosmic gravitational wave background GWB Cosmic infrared background CIB Cosmic X ray background See also lookfrom intitle Cosmic disambiguation Background disambiguation disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Hatnote This article is about ionizing radiation . For microwavebackgroundradiation from space, see Cosmicbackgroundradiation and cosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiationcosmicbackground . Thermal radiation ... Communities 1992 ref Natural backgroundradiation comes from two primary sources cosmicradiation and terrestrial sources. The worldwide average background absorbed dose dose for a human ..., whether ionizing or not. A particular example of this is the cosmicmicrowavebackground ... Category Radioactivity Category Cosmic rays Category Backgroundradiation af Natuurlike agtergrondbestraling ... Nuclear Power Plant Backgroundradiation displays.jpg thumb Displays showing the level of background .... Backgroundradiation is the ionizing radiation constantly present in the natural environment ... backgroundradiation varies by location. class wikitable style text align center style background ... Backgroundradiation retrieved 2011 6 29 ref Wa State ref Washington state Dept. of Health http www.doh.wa.gov ehp rp factsheets factsheets htm fs10bkvsman.htm Backgroundradiation retrieved ... of backgroundradiation account for most occurrences of human exposure to ionizing radiation ... from nuclear medicine facilities and irradiated patients Natural backgroundradiation Image ... www.unscear.org docs reports gareport.pdf ref This exposure is mostly from cosmicradiation and natural ... human caused backgroundradiation exposure, which in the year 2000 amounted to an average of about 5 ... effective fly ash capture are one of the largest sources of human caused backgroundradiation ... first7 V last8 Reghuram first8 KN title Population study in the high natural backgroundradiation ... and Individual External Dose Assessments of Inhabitants in the High BackgroundRadiation Areas ... levels of natural backgroundradiation recorded in the world are from areas around Ramsar, Mazandaran Ramsar , particularly at Talesh Mahalleh which is a very high backgroundradiation area ... more details
Category Cosmic rays Category Cosmicbackgroundradiation ...The diffuse extragalactic backgroundradiation DEBRA refers to the diffuse photon field from extragalactic origin that fill our Universe. It contains photons over 20 decades of energy from 10 sup 7 sup eV to 100 GeV. The origin and the physical processes involved are different within every wavelength range. There are plenty of observational evidences that support the existence of the DEBRA. ref Hauser M. G., Dwek E., 2001, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 39, 249 ref Figure 1 shows a schematic picture, based on many different data sets, of the spectral intensity also called spectral radiance multiplied by wavelength of the DEBRA over all the electromagnetic spectrum. This representation is convenient because the area inside the curve is the energy. The nature and history of the universe is coded in this radiation field and any realistic cosmological model must be able to describe it. Understanding the DEBRA is a major challenge of modern cosmology with huge consequences in other fields of astrophysics, therefore extraordinary efforts are being put by theoreticians, observers, and instrumentalists to do so. Image Extragalactic background power density.jpg Figure 1 Schematic representation of the spectral energy distribution of the DEBRA. Regions of the DEBRA The overall diffuse extragalactic radiation field may be divided in different regions according to their origin and physical processes involved. This is a standard classification from the highest down to the lowest energies Diffuse extragalactic gamma ray radiation also known as cosmic gamma ray backgroundCosmic X ray background Extragalactic background light which includes the cosmic infrared backgroundCosmicmicrowavebackgroundCosmic radio background References references External links http ned.ipac.caltech.edu level5 bcg radiation.html Caltech papers Astronomy stub Category Extragalactic astronomy ... more details
Expert subject Physics date November 2008 Cosmology cTopic Early universe The cosmic gravitational wave background is a relic of the Cosmic inflation that can be measured Gravitational wave Gravitational wave detectors directly or indirectly by examining the polarization of the Cosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation . It is the result of three things inflationary expansion of space itself, reheating after inflation, and turbulent fluid mixing of matter and radiation. ref cite web url http www.aip.org pnu 2007 split 809 1.html title Gravitational Wave Background accessdate 2007 06 20 author last first authorlink coauthors date year month work publisher pages language doi archiveurl archivedate quote ref See also General Relativity Gravitational wave Linearised Einstein field equations LIGO , VIRGO , GEO 600 , and TAMA 300 Gravitational wave detectors LISA, the proposed Laser Interferometer Space Antenna Big Bang Observer BBO , proposed successor to LISA Sticky bead argument , for a physical way to see that gravitational radiation should carry energy. References references Gravitational wave observatories DEFAULTSORT Cosmic gravitational wave background Category Physical cosmology Category Cosmic inflation physics stub astronomy stub fa ko ja fi Kosminen gravitaatioaaltotausta zh ... more details
Buildings and structures in Antofagasta Region Category Cosmicmicrowavebackground experiments ...Image CosmicBackground Imager.jpeg right 260px thumb The CBI Telescope Image CosmicBackground Imager CMB.png right 220px thumb CMB as measured by the CBI experiment Deleted image removed Image CBI 2.jpg right 260px thumb CBI 2 in 2007 with new 1.4 m antennas The CosmicBackground Imager or CBI was a 13 element interferometer perched at an elevation of 5,080 metres 16,700 feet at Llano de Chajnantor Observatory in the Chile an Andes . It started operations in 1999 to study the cosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation and ran until 2008. CBI conducted measurements at frequencies between 26 and 36 GHz in ten bands of 1 GHz Bandwidth signal processing bandwidth . It had a resolution of better than 1 10 of a degree. In comparison, the pioneering COBE satellite, which produced the first detection of fluctuations in the microwavebackground in 1992, had a resolution of about 7 degrees. Among the key findings of the CBI is the fact that fluctuations which have a small size on the sky are weaker than fluctuations which have a large size on the sky, which confirmed earlier theoretical predictions. More technically, CBI was the first experiment to detect intrinsic anisotropy in the microwavebackground on mass scales of galaxy clusters it provided the first detection of the Joseph Silk Silk damping tail it found a hint of excess power at high l multipoles CBI excess than expected from the Lambda CDM model CDM model and it detected fluctuations in the Polarization waves polarization of the microwavebackground obtaining the first detailed E mode polarization spectrum providing evidence that it is out of phase with the total intensity mode spectrum. The CBI was built at the California Institute of Technology , and employed sensitive radio amplifiers from the National Radio Astronomy ..., replacing CBI 2 . See also Very Small Array Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Degree Angular ... more details
the cosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation CMB of the universe and provide measurements that would help ... map variations or anisotropies in the Cosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation CMB George F. Smoot ... of the cosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation. Spacecraft COBE was an Explorer class satellite, with technology ... kelvin average temperature of the radiation field. The cosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation is a remnant ... Microwave Radiometer as of stats ref The COsmicBackground Explorer COBE , also referred to as Explorer ... Cosmicmicrowavebackground dipole spectrum measured by the COBE FIRAS instrument bibcode 1994ApJ ... the detectable anisotropy of cosmicbackgroundradiation as it was the only instrument not dependent ... of the Earth relative to the cosmicbackgroundradiation http www.scholarpedia.org article Cosmicbackground explorer COBE CosmicBackground Explorer article from Scholarpedia CMB experiments Explorer ... Earth Category Cosmicmicrowavebackground experiments Category Explorer program Category NASA ...Infobox Space telescope name CosmicBackground Explorer COBE image File 020597COBE OV.jpg 250px organization ... with studying the cosmological backgroundradiation. Though these proposals lost out to the IRAS Infrared ... body curve predicted by big bang theory and that observed in the microwavebackground. File COBE ... the black body curve predicted by big bang theory and that observed in the microwavebackground ... of the CMB by subtracting out galactic emissions and dipole at various frequencies. The cosmicmicrowave ... for the cosmic infrared background IV. Cosmological Implications bibcode 1998ApJ...508..106D journal ... cs COBE de COBE es COBE fa fr CosmicBackground Explorer ko it COBE he hu CosmicBackground Explorer ja COBE pl COBE pt COBE ru COBE sk CosmicBackground Explorer fi COBE sv CosmicBackground Explorer ta th tr COBE uk COBE zh ... deorbit date wavelength mass 2,270 kg website http lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov product cobe LAMBDA Cosmic ... more details
. See also Infrared cirrus Cosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation References Reflist External links http www.astro.ucla.edu wright CIBR Cosmic InfraRed BackgroundRadiation http www.astro.ucla.edu ... ways it is analogous to the cosmicmicrowavebackground , but at shorter wavelengths. History Recognizing ... out, that in a Big Bang created Universe there must have been a cosmic infrared background CIB different from the cosmicmicrowavebackground that can account for the formation and evolution of stars ... in the Local Group The cosmicmicrowavebackground although physically it is not a foreground is also ... 1998 01 DEFAULTSORT Cosmic Infrared Background Category Observational astronomy Category Physical cosmology Category Cosmicbackgroundradiation ja zh ...Lead missing date October 2009 Cosmic infrared background CIB is a mysterious infrared light coming from ... Astronomy Satellite IRAS , and followed by the CosmicBackground Explorer COBE , the Infrared Space ... title The Cosmic Infrared Background Measurements and Implications journal Annual Review of Astronomy ... title Cosmic infrared background and early galaxy evolution journal Physics Reports volume 409 ......409..361K ref Origin of the cosmic infrared background One of the most important questions ... of the cosmic ultraviolet and visual background . However, a significant amount of this starlight ... and the cosmic far infrared background journal Astronomy & Astrophysics volume 379 year 2001 pages ... BackgroundRadiation , F.A. Aharonian, 2001 http hubblesite.org newscenter newsdesk archive releases ... on an extragalactic background light dates back to the first half of the 19th century. Despite ... background due to galaxies, at that time based on the integrated starlight of these stellar systems ... cause a significant attenuation for very high energy electrons, protons and gamma rays of the cosmicradiation through inverse Compton scattering , photopion and electron positron pair production ... more details
Cosmology cTopic Early universe The cosmic neutrino background CNB, C B is the universe s background particle radiation composed of neutrino s. They are sometimes known as relic neutrios . Like the cosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation CMB , the C B is a relic of the big bang , and while the CMB dates from when the universe was 379,000 years old, the Neutrino decoupling C B decoupled from matter when the universe was 2 seconds old. It is estimated that today the C B has a temperature of roughly val 1.95 ul K . Since low energy neutrinos interact only very weakly with matter, they are notoriously difficult to detect and the C B might never be observed directly. There is, however, compelling Cosmic neutrino background Indirect evidence for the C B indirect evidence for its existence. Derivation of the temperature of the C B Given the temperature of the CMB, the temperature of the C B can be estimated. Before neutrino decoupling neutrinos decoupled from the rest of matter, the universe primarily consisted of neutrinos, electron s, positron s, and photon s, all in thermal equilibrium with each other. Once the temperature reached approximately val 2.5 ul MeV , the neutrinos decoupled from the rest of matter. Despite this decoupling, neutrinos and photons remained at the same temperature as the universe expanded. However, when the temperature dropped below the mass of the electron, most ... defined. Indirect evidence for the C B Relativistic neutrinos contribute to the radiation energy ... Positron e sup sup Electron e sup sup annihilation . The radiation density had a major impact on various ... as the growth of matter perturbations in two ways due to its contribution to the radiation density of the Universe which determines for instance the time of matter radiation equality , and due to the neutrinos ... Microwave Anisotropy Probe WMAP spacecraft s five year data combined with type Ia Supernova data and information ..., ref cite journal first Eiichiro last Komatsu coauthors et al. title Seven Year Wilkinson Microwave ... more details
Multiple issues onesource April 2011 refimprove April 2011 BackgroundRadiation Equivalent Time , or BRET , is a unit of measurement of ionizing radiation dosage. One BRET is the equivalent of one day worth of average human exposure to backgroundradiation . The unit is also referred to as BERT Background Equivalent Radiation Time . BRET units are used as a measure of low level radiation exposure. The health hazards of low doses of ionizing radiation are unknown and controversial, because the effects, mainly cancer and genetic damage , take many years to appear, and the incidence due to radiation exposure can t be statistically separated from the many other causes of these diseases. The purpose of the BRET measure is to allow a low level dose to be easily compared with a universal yardstick the average dose of backgroundradiation , mostly from natural sources, that every human unavoidably receives during daily life. Backgroundradiation level is widely used in radiological health fields as a standard for setting exposure limits. Presumably, a dose of radiation which is equivalent to what a person would receive in a few days of ordinary life will not increase his rate of disease measurably. Definition The BRET corresponding to a dose of radiation is the number of days of average background dose it is equivalent to. It is calculated from the equivalent dose in sievert s by dividing by the average annual backgroundradiation dose in Sv, and multiplying by 365 math BRET frac SV dose SV background cdot 365 , math The definition of the BRET unit is apparently unstandardized, and depends on what value is used for the average annual backgroundradiation dose, which differs in different countries and regions. The 2000 UNSCEAR estimate for worldwide backgroundradiation dose is 2.4 mSv 240 mrem . Using this value each BRET unit equals 6.6 Sv. BRET values range from 2 BRET for a Dentistry ... www.radiationcontrol.utah.gov XRAY BRET.HTM Category Radioactivity Category Backgroundradiation med ... more details
. Pub. by NRO, 2005. US Reconnaissance Satellites DEFAULTSORT Galactic Radiation And Background ... States de Galactic Radiation and Background pl GRAB satelita ... more details
The CosmicRadiation Satellite CORSA was a Japanese space telescope . It was supposed to be Japan s first X ray astronomy satellite but was lost due to failure of its Mu rocket Mu 3 launch vehicle . A replacement satellite Hakucho CORSA b was later launched. Sources cite web url http nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov nmc spacecraftDisplay.do?id CORSA title NASA NSSDC Spacecraft Details CORSA publisher NASA accessdate 2008 03 04 cite web url http www.astronautix.com craft corsaa.htm title Astronautix Corsa A publisher Astronautix accessdate 2008 03 03 Japan spacecraft stub Category Space telescopes ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Timeline of other backgroundradiation fields 1912 Victor Hess discovers that the ionization of air increases with altitude indicating the existence of cosmicradiation 1949 Herbert Friedman detects evidence for extrasolar X ray s 1962 Riccardo Giacconi , Herbert Gursky , F. Paolini , and Bruno Rossi formally discover the X ray background DEFAULTSORT Timeline Of Other BackgroundRadiation Fields Category Physics timelines BackgroundRadiation Fields, Other ... more details
wiktionary background TOC right Background may refer to Art Background actor Background artist Background light ing, a film technique Background story Film Background 1953 film Background 1953 film , a British drama Background 1973 film Background 1973 film , a documentary Music Background album , 1992 album by Lifetime Background music Background vocals Computing Background process , software that is running but not being displayed Computer wallpaper Background , or desktop picture, is the image or colour displayed on a website or computer desktop behind the visible content tt background tt , in HTML , a tt nowiki body nowiki tt element attribute that sets a background texture Physics and science includes astronomy Background astronomy , small amounts of light coming from otherwise dark parts of the sky Background extinction rate , in geology Background independence , a condition in theoretical physics Background noise Backgroundradiation , the natural radiation that is always present in a location Cosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation , a natural constant radiation emanating throughout the universe Gravitational wave background Operational definition , in philosophy of science, distinguishing an object from its background of observation, or identifying what is and what is not part of it String background , in theoretical physics X ray background Other Journalism sourcing .22Speaking terms.22 Background journalism , in journalism, between a news source and a reporter on the privacy of a discussion Background art , or prior art , in patent law Background check Backgrounding , a way of feeding livestock before selling them Field heraldry , background of a shield See also lookfrom intitle Cosmicbackground disambiguation Ethnic background Heritage disambiguation disambiguation de Hintergrund fr Background it Background ja zh ... more details
verification p 2 does not mention that the atmosphere blocks most of the sun s microwaveradiation date September 2010 The CosmicMicrowaveBackgroundRadiation CMBR is a source of microwaves that supports ... BUC Cosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation Electron cyclotron resonance International Microwave Power ... 1.7 eV style background CCFFCC Microwave 1 mm 1 meter 300 GHz 300 MHz 1.24 Micro eV ... wavelength microwaves and radio frequency emissions. The sun also emits microwaveradiation, although ... emits microwaveradiation, and most of it is blocked by Earth 27s atmosphere.&q microwaves 20from ... for Milstar . Radar Radar uses microwaveradiation to detect the range, speed, and other characteristics ... radio astronomy uses microwaves. Usually the naturally occurring microwaveradiation is observed, but active ... thumb right Galactic backgroundradiation of the Big Bang mapped with increasing resolution ... non ionizing microwaveradiation at a frequency near 2.45 GHz through food, causing dielectric ... ref Spectroscopy Microwaveradiation is used in electron paramagnetic resonance EPR or ESR spectroscopy ... radical s or transition metal ions such as Cu II . The microwaveradiation can also be combined with electrochemistry ... of the nodal locations. Health effects See Electromagnetic radiation and health Microwave burn ... in the radiation path of radar installations experienced clicks and buzzing sounds in response to microwaveradiation. This microwave auditory effect was thought to be caused by the microwaves electromagnetic ..., it usually results from dielectric heating induced in the body. Exposure to microwaveradiation ... to heavy doses of microwaveradiation as from an oven that has been tampered with to allow operation ... in an astronomical context occurred in 1946 in an article MicrowaveRadiation from the Sun and Moon ...About the electromagnetic wave the cooking appliance Microwave oven other uses Microwaves disambiguation Image Microwave tower silhouette.jpg thumb 200px A microwave telecommunications tower on Wrights ... more details
Cosmic mass may mean mass of the cosmos , see Mass of the observable universe Cosmic mass distribution , see Cosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation and Large scale structure of the cosmos Cosmic mass density , see Shape of the Universe Cosmic mass field , see Metric expansion of space Cosmic mass function , see Friedmann equations Techno Cosmic Mass , a religious and musical event, promoted by Matthew Fox priest Techno Cosmic Masses Matthew Fox dab ... more details
3 Backgroundradiation , which actually refers to the background ionizing radiation erenkov radiationCosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation , 3 kelvin K blackbody radiation that fills the Universe ... heating microwave and radio wave exposure. Non ionizing radiation is usually considered to have no completely ... light, and 32 watts is ultraviolet radiation. ref name ICNIR2003 Microwave Main Microwave ...Other uses File Alfa beta gamma radiation penetration.svg 300px thumb right Illustration of the relative abilities of three different types of ionizing radiation to penetrate solid matter. Alpha particles ... radiation is dampened when it penetrates matter. In physics , radiation is a process in which energy energetic particles or energy energetic waves travel through a medium or space. Two types of radiation are commonly differentiated in the way they interact with normal chemical matter ionizing radiation ionizing and non ionizing radiation non ionizing radiation. The word radiation is often colloquially used in reference to ionizing radiation i.e., radiation having sufficient energy to ionize an atom , but the term radiation may correctly also refer to non ionizing radiation e.g., radio waves , infrared radiation heat or light visible light . The particles or waves radiate i.e., travel outward ... units that are applicable to all types of radiation. Both ionizing and non ionizing radiation ..., ionizing radiation is far more harmful to living organisms per unit of energy deposited than non ionizing radiation, since the ions that are produced by ionizing radiation, even at low radiation powers, have the potential to cause DNA damage. By contrast, most non ionizing radiation is harmful ... at low powers which do not produce significant temperature rise. Ultraviolet radiation in some aspects occupies a middle ground, in having some features of both ionizing and non ionizing radiation. Although nearly all of the ultraviolet spectrum of radiation is non ionizing, at the same time ... more details
wiktionary Cosmic is anything pertaining to the cosmos . Cosmic may also refer to TOCright Media Afro Cosmic music Cosmic, a song by Kylie Minogue on the album X Kylie Minogue album X CosM.i.C, a member of the Swedish rap group Looptroop Rockers Cosmic Break , an Massively multiplayer online game MMO Third Person Shooter Online Game Science COSMIC software sizing An electronic medical record software developed by Cambio Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate COSMIC cancer database COSMIC Software , a software development company Other uses Cosmic Top Secret , a category of classified information used by NATO See also Cosmos disambiguation disambiguation ... more details
Microwave thermotherapy , also called microwave therapy , is a type of treatment in which body tissue is heated by microwave irradiation to damage and kill cancer cells or to make cancer cells more sensitive to the effects of radiation and certain anticancer drugs. See also Transurethral microwave thermotherapy External links http www.cancer.gov Templates db alpha.aspx?CdrID 44565 Microwave therapy entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms NCI cancer dict Category Microwave technology Category Radiation oncology oncology stub he ... more details
No footnotes date September 2011 Cosmic noise and galactic radio noise is random noise that originates Outer space outside the Earth s atmosphere . It can be detected and heard on radio receivers. Elaboration Cosmic noise characteristics are similar to those of thermal noise . Cosmic noise is experienced at frequencies above about 15 MHz when highly directional antennas are pointed toward the sun or to certain other regions of the sky such as the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. Celestial objects like Quasar s, super dense objects that lie far from Earth, emit electromagnetic waves in its full spectrum including radio waves. We can also hear the fall of a meteorite in a radio receiver as the falling object burns from friction with the Earth s atmosphere, ionizing surrounding gases, thereby producing radio waves . CosmicMicrowaveBackgroundRadiation CMBR from outer space, discovered by Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson Robert Wilson , who later won the Nobel Prize for this discovery, is also a form of cosmic noise. CMBR is thought to be a relic of the Big Bang , and pervades the space almost homogeneously over the entire celestial sphere . The Bandwidth signal processing bandwidth of the CMBR is wide, though the peak is in the microwave range. See also Intergalactic space Interplanetary space Interstellar medium Radio astronomy References FS1037C MS188 Noise Category Astronomical radio sources Category Noise astronomy stub cs Kosmick um fr Bruit cosmique ru zh ... more details
The Cosmic Anisotropy Telescope CAT was a three element interferometer for cosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation CMB R observations at 13 to 17 Hertz GHz , based at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory . In 1995, it was the first instrument to measure small scale structure in the cosmicmicrowavebackground. When the more sensitive Very Small Array came online, the CAT telescope was decommissioned in a ceremonial bonfire . External links http www.mrao.cam.ac.uk telescopes cat Cosmic Anisotropy Telescope CAT online http ukads.nottingham.ac.uk cgi bin nph bib query?bibcode 1996ApJ...461L...1S& db key AST& high 41986efaf711058 The first detection of small scale structure in the cosmicmicrowavebackground http www.mrao.cam.ac.uk telescopes cat press release.html Press release from 1995 describing first measurements of small scale structure in the cosmicmicrowavebackground http maps.google.com maps?q Cambridge&ll 52.165135,0.037379&spn 0.005643,0.007811&t k&hl en The CAT enclosure on Google Maps CMB experiments coord 52.166 0.034 type landmark region GB CAM display title Category Cavendish Laboratory Category Radio telescopes Category Interferometric telescopes Category Cosmicmicrowavebackground experiments observatory stub it Cosmic Anisotropy Telescope ... more details
Microwave News reports on the health and environmental impacts of electromagnetic fields EMFs and other types of non ionizing radiation , with special emphasis on cell phones and power lines. It also covers radar, radio and TV broadcast towers and many related topics. The first print issue was published in January 1981. In June 2003, the publication converted to a Web based format. Microwave News is independent and is not aligned with any industry or government agency. ref http www.microwavenews.com pressonmwn.html About Microwave News ref A complete archive of the print issues is available in PDF format at no charge from the Microwave News Web site. ref http www.microwavenews.com news.html Microwave News Archives 1981 2003 ref PDFs of the Web editions may also be downloaded. ref http www.microwavenews.com newscomment.html Microwave News News & Comment ref A 1990 Time magazine Time magazine profile of Microwave News and its editor, Louis Slesin, said that the newsletter is meticulously researched and thoroughly documented. ref http www.time.com time magazine article 0,9171,970755,00.html Technology Hidden Hazards of the Airwaves Time Magazine ref In his 2000 book Voodoo Science , Robert L. Park described Microwave News as an influential newsletter devoted entirely to the Electromagnetic radiation and health EMF health issue Page 141 but stated Paul Brodeur and Microwave News in particular, had given the public a seriously distorted view of the scientific facts. Page 158 References See http en.wikipedia.org wiki Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist External links http www.microwavenews.com Microwave News Categories Category Environmental magazines Category Science and technology magazines sci mag stub webzine stub ... more details
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