wiktionary criterionCriterion may refer to Wiktionary criterionCriterion , general meaning In science and mathematics Criterion validity , in psychometrics, a measure of how well one variable or set of variables predicts an outcome Criterion referenced test , translates a test score into a statement about the behavior to be expected of a person Eisenstein s criterion , in mathematics, gives sufficient conditions for a polynomial to be irreducible over the rational numbers Euler s criterion , in number theory concerning primes Problem of the criterion , in epistemology, an issue regarding the starting point of knowledge Weyl s criterion , used in mathematics in the theory of diophantine approximation In modern culture Criteria band , indie band The Criterion Collection , a company that produces collector s edition DVDs and Blu ray discs Criterion Games , a game technology company in Guildford, England The Criterion magazine The Criterion magazine , a British literary magazine published from 1922 to 1939 The New Criterion , a New York based monthly literary magazine founded in 1982 In business Criterion Capital Partners , a global company which runs the social network Bebo Criteria CaixaCorp , an investment holding company. In sports Criteria are used in a Win by Decision in freestyle wrestling . In music Criteria Studios , recording studio in Miami, Florida See also Information criterion disambiguation Criterion Theatre disambiguation disambiguation ca Criteri da Kriterium de Criterion es Criterio fr Crit re io Kriterio it Criterio mk pl Kryterium ru sr ... more details
orphan date November 2009 advert date November 2011 The T failure criterion ref Andrianopoulos, N.P., Atkins, A.G., Experimental Determination of the Failure Parameters D,0 and V,0 in Mild Steels According to the T criterion, ECF9 Reliability and Structural Integrity of Advanced Materials, Vol. III, 1992. ref ref Andrianopoulos, N.P., Metalforming Limit Diagrams According to the T criterion, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 39, 1993. ref is a set of failure theory material failure criteria , that can be used to predict both brittle and ductile failure. These criteria were designed as a replacement for the von Mises yield criterion which predicts the unphysical result that pure hydrostatic tensile loading of metals never leads to failure. The T criteria use the volumetric stress in addition to the deviatoric stress used by the von Mises criterion and are similar to the Drucker Prager yield criterion . T criteria have been designed on the basis of energy considerations and the observation that the reversible Elasticity physics elastic energy density storage process has a limit which can be used to determine when a material has failed. The strain energy density stored in the material and calculated by the area under the math bar sigma math math bar epsilon math curve represents the total amount of energy stored in the material only in the case of pure shear. In all other ... is maximum in the case of pure hydrostatic loading, where, according to the von Mises criterion, no energy ... constitutive equations that describe material response. According to this criterion, an upper limit ... of the criterion, a continuum mechanics approach is adopted. The material volume is considered to be a continuous ... is linear The derivative hardening slope must be positive or zero Limitations The criterion will not predict ... experimental data. A drawback of the criterion is that elastic strain energy densities are small ... as applications where the T criterion appears to perform quite well. References div class references ... more details
Information criterion may refer to the following. Statistics Akaike information criterion AIC , a measure of the goodness fit of an estimated statistical model Bayesian information criterion BIC , also known as the Schwarz information criterion, a statistical criterion for model selection Deviance information criterion DIC , another Bayesian oriented model selection criterion Focused information criterion FIC , a selection criterion sorting statistical models by their effectiveness for a given focus parameter Hannan Quinn information criterion , an alternative to the Akaike and Bayesian criteria Computing Information Criteria , a core component of the COBIT Framework disambig ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced December 2009 orphan February 2009 The Penrose Criterion in Plasma Physics is a criterion for kinetic Stability theory stability of a plasma with a given velocity space distribution function. This criterion can be used to determine that all so called single humped distributions those with a single maxima , are kinetically stable. DEFAULTSORT Penrose Criterion Category Plasma physics Physics stub ... more details
Infobox company name The Criterion Collection logo File The Criterion Collection Logo.svg logo since ..., New York, U.S. ref name hoovers http www.hoovers.com The Criterion Collection Inc HD rkhyyjcjf,src global free co dnb factsheet.xhtml The Criterion Collection Inc. from Hoover s ref key people Jonathan ... the Criterion Collection br Essential Art House subsid homepage http www.criterion.com www.criterion.com footnotes intl The Criterion Collection est. 1984 is a video distribution company that sells ... about us title Criterion Mission Statement accessdate 2009 03 30 ref The Criterion series ... for home video. Criterion is also known for making great efforts to restore and clean all films released on their label. History The Criterion Collection company was founded in 1984 by Robert Stein computer ... 08 17 ref during which time, The Criterion Collection became a subordinate division of the Voyager ... 2007 08 17 ref Robert Stein sold 42 Voyager titles to LTI from his Voyager Criterion company ... The Criterion Collection company, ref name Organa which has a business partnership with Janus Films ... Criterion Collection DVDs, and also sold its own HVE brand of DVDs co produced with Criterion ... rights, but which were unavailable from the Criterion Collection however, Criterion published the Classic ... of Criterion Collection products. Online ventures Criterion began to provide video on demand VOD in partnership with Mubi website MUBI formerly The Auteurs in 2008. In February 2011, Criterion ... streaming rights for hundreds of classic films from The Criterion Collection. ... Hulu Plus will soon be the only place old movie buffs will be able to catch Criterion titles. ref Contributions and influence Commercially, the Criterion Collection video company pioneered the correct aspect ratio ... editions, and definitive versions. These ideas and the special features introduced by the Criterion ... , Criterion introduced the letterbox format, which added black bars to the top and bottom of the 4 ... more details
Refimprove date May 2011 The majority criterion is a single winner Voting system Evaluating voting systems using criteria voting system criterion , used to compare such voting system system s. The criterion ... Voting Method Comparison Chart Majority Favorite Criterion If a majority more than 50 of voters consider candidate A to be the best choice, then A should win. ref Some methods that comply with this criterion include any Condorcet method , instant runoff voting , and Bucklin voting . The majority criterion ... cases disputed. Some such methods, such as the Borda count and range voting , fail the criterion under ... or fail depending on the definition of the criterion which is used. Comparison with the Condorcet criterion By the majority criterion, a candidate X should win if a majority of voters answers affirmatively to the question Do you prefer X to every other candidate? . The Condorcet criterion is stronger ... criterion implies that of the majority criterion, but not vice versa. With the Condorcet criterion ..., but the majority criterion requires a single majority which has X as their first choice, preferred to every other candidate. In the statement that Condorcet criterion is stronger than the majority criterion, the word criterion must be understood as a criterion that a voting system may or may not satisfy, not as a criterion that a candidate must satisfy in order to win the election. Application of the majority criterion Controversy The majority criterion was initially defined with respect to voting ... . For approval voting, the difficulty is that the criterion refers to an exclusive preference, and it is unstated ... statement of the criterion, as given in the introduction to this article, does not resolve this, for the word prefer can refer to a mental state or to an action a complete statement of the criterion ... voting passes this criterion if it means a mental state, approval voting does not pass. For Majority ... available rating then it does if there are moreover no ties. Although the criterion s exact ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2007 In Lincoln Douglas Debate , the value criterioncriterion , VC , or standard is the means of weighing the value premise . Unlike the value premise, the value criterion is often swayed to either the affirmative or negative side. It can be shortened to v.c. Purpose The value criterion s main purpose is to weigh the value premise, otherwise, the impacts of the arguments in the round are left hanging. An argument in a Lincoln Douglas Debate generally contains an impact or the effect of that argument why it matters . This necessitates an objective order to determine which impacts are more important. The value criterion provides this objective order and the round reduces to whichever side achieves the value criterion better. Whether this is done quantifiably or qualitatively is left up to the debaters to decide. Argumentation Many times it becomes the vantage point of the debate because the values are, many times, the same in a round. Since each side has impacts that best pertain to their own value criterion, each side must try to convince the judge to weigh the round according to their value criterion. Example Resolved In matters of U. S. immigration policy, restrictions on the rights of non citizens are consistent with democratic ideals. Because democratic ideals is what is trying to be achieved in the resolution, most debaters would find it best and effective to use it as a value premise. Therefore, the debate turns to the value criterion. The affirmative, in this case, may use preservation of procedure which explains how their value premise is weighed. While the negative may opt to choose preservation of autonomy . In both instances, both value criteria are attainable by both sides and therefore fair to weigh the round. it would be left up to the debate to determine which value criterion should be used to weigh the round. Category Debating ... more details
distinguish Dini Lipschitz criterion In mathematics, Dini s criterion is a condition for the pointwise convergence of Fourier series, introduced by harvs txt authorlink Ulisse Dini last Dini year 1880 . Statement Dini s criterion states that if a periodic function f has the property that f t f t t is locally integrable near 0, then the Fourier series of f converges to 0 at t 0. Dini s criterion is in some sense as strong as possible if g t is a positive continuous function such that g t t is not locally integrable near 0, there is a continuous function f with f t g t whose Fourier series does not converge at 0. References citation first Ulisse last Dini title Serie di Fourier e altre rappresentazioni analitiche delle funzioni di una variabile reale publication place Pisa isbn 978 1429704083 year 1880 url http www.archive.org details seriedifourierea00diniuoft eom id Dini criterion first B.I. last Golubov Category Fourier series ... more details
Infobox company company name Criterion Games company logo Image Criterion Games Logo.png 200px caption ... owner Electronic Arts num employees parent Electronic Arts homepage http www.criteriongames.com Criterion Games officially called Criterion Software is a Guildford , England based British video game ... 2010 video game Need for Speed Hot Pursuit . History Criterion Software Ltd was created in 1993 to commercialise ... Canon s European Research Lab, before being spun out as a majority Canon owned startup. Criterion ... technology, including graphics, AI, audio and physics components. Originally Criterion Games was a division within Criterion Software, set up to develop games, using the Renderware engine, which ... by Criterion Games. In August 2004, Electronic Arts announced they had List of acquisitions by Electronic Arts acquired Criterion Games and Criterion Software for a rumored GBP 40 million link yes ... movie sensibilities characteristic of the Burnout series. After the purchase, both Criterion and EA ... studio and Criterion Games into a new building in central Guildford. Integration of the teams did not occur and the location housed two very separate development studios Criterion Games and EA ..., Criterion Games still acts entirely independently from the rest of the EA workforce located at Guildford ..., cafeteria & gym for example . Access to Criterion Games is through a further 2nd set of locked doors, after the main building security, requiring special passes to access. On 14th June 2010, Criterion announced that Need for Speed Hot Pursuit 2010 video game Need for Speed Hot Pursuit ref name Criterion Developing Need For Speed Game cite web url http criteriongames.com NFS index.php title Criterion ... Interview Need for Speed Hot Pursuit publisher Eurogamer ref In November 2011, Criterion announced ... world AI Racing Drivers it s speculated that Criterion looking for people to work on a new Need for Speed installment. ref cite web url http www.gamerzines.com need for speed news criterion developing ... more details
Resolvability criterion can refer to any voting system criterion that ensures a low possibility of tie votes. Nicolaus Tideman s version of the criterion demands that if and only if for every possibly tied winner in a result, a vote exists, such that when added, makes that winner unique. Douglas R. Woodall s version requires that the proportion of profiles giving a tie approaches zero as the number of voters increase towards infinity. Both versions are satisfied e.g. by approval voting , range voting , Borda count , instant runoff voting , Minimax Condorcet Minimax , Plurality voting system plurality , Ranked Pairs http alumnus.caltech.edu seppley Proof 20MAM 20is 20resolvable 20and 20reasonably 20deterministic.htm , and Schulze method Schulze http home.versanet.de chris1 schulze schulze1.pdf . Both versions are violated e.g. by Copeland s method . Category Voting system criteria ... more details
The Mott criterion describes the critical point thermodynamics critical point of the metal insulator transition. The criterion is math n 1 3 C a 0 , math where math n math is the electron density of the material and math a 0 math the effective bohr radius. The constant math C math , according to various estimates, is 2.0, 2.78,4.0, or 4.2. If the criterion is satisfied i.e. if the density of electrons is sufficiently high the material becomes conductive metal and otherwise it will be an insulator. ref citation title Introduction to Solid State Physics first Charles last Kittel page 407 409 publisher John Wiley & Sons edition 8th year 2005 isbn 047141526X ref See also Hubbard model Mottness Bohr Radius Mott Insulator References reflist Category Quantum phases ... more details
The Smith criterion sometimes generalized Condorcet criterion , but this can have other meanings is a voting system criteria voting systems criterion defined such that its satisfaction by a voting system occurs when the system always elects a candidate that is in the Smith set , which is the smallest non empty subset of the candidates such that every candidate in the subset is majority preferred over every candidate not in the subset. A candidate X is said to be majority preferred over another candidate Y if, in a one on one competition between X & Y, the number of voters who prefer X over Y exceeds the number of voters who prefer Y over X. The Smith set is named for mathematician John H Smith mathematician John H Smith , whose version of the Condorcet criterion ref Smith is actually stronger than that defined above for social welfare functions. Benjamin Ward ref Ward was probably the first ... n sup 2 sup . When there is a Condorcet criterion Condorcet winner a candidate that is majority preferred ... Any election method that complies with the Smith criterion also complies with the Condorcet criterion ..., this means that failing the Condorcet criterion automatically implies the non compliance with the Smith criterion as well. Additionally, such sets comply with the Condorcet loser criterion . This is notable ... criterion , since the Smith set is a subset of the MMC set. The Smith set and Schwartz set are sometimes ... The Smith criterion is satisfied by Ranked Pairs , Schulze method Schulze s method , Nanson s method ... failing the Condorcet criterion also fail the Smith criterion. Some Condorcet methods, such as Minimax Condorcet Minimax , also fail the Smith criterion. Voting methods that fail the Smith criterion ... that is highest in the voting method s order of finish. Examples Minimax Mutual majority criterion Minimax The Smith criterion implies the Mutual majority criterion, therefore Minimax failure to the Mutual majority criterion is also a failure to the Smith criterion. Just observe that the set S A, B ... more details
Plurality criterion is a voting system criterion devised by Douglas R. Woodall for ranked voting methods with incomplete ballots. It is stated as follows If the number of ballots ranking A as the first preference is greater than the number of ballots on which another candidate B is given any preference, then A s probability of winning must be no less than B s. This criterion is trivially satisfied by preferential voting rank ballot methods which require voters to strictly rank all the candidates and so do not allow truncation . The Borda count is usually defined in this way. Woodall has called the Plurality criterion a rather weak property that surely must hold in any real election , and noted that every reasonable electoral system seems to satisfy it. Most proposed methods do satisfy it, including Plurality voting , Instant runoff voting IRV , Bucklin voting , and approval voting . Among Condorcet method s which permit truncation, whether the Plurality criterion is satisfied depends often on the measure of Condorcet method Defeat strength defeat strength . When winning votes is used as the measure of defeat strength in methods such as the Schulze method , Ranked Pairs , or Minimax Condorcet Minimax , Plurality is satisfied. Plurality is failed when margins is used. Minimax Condorcet Minimax using pairwise opposition also fails Plurality. When truncation is permitted under Borda count, Plurality is satisfied when no points are scored to truncated candidates, and ranked candidates receive no fewer votes than if the truncated candidates had been ranked. If truncated candidates are instead scored the average number of points that would have been awarded to those candidates had they been strictly ranked, or if Nauru s modified Borda count is used, the Plurality criterion is failed. References D R Woodall, http www.votingmatters.org.uk ISSUE3 P5.HTM Properties of Preferential Election Rules , Voting matters , Issue 3 1994 , pp. 8 15. D R Woodall, http www.votingmatters.org.uk ... more details
The Criterion was a British literary magazine published from October 1922 to January 1939. ref http www.jstor.org pss 1768640 T. S. Eliot s Criterion The Editor and His Contributors , by Herbert Howarth 1950 ref The Criterion or the Criterion was, for most of its run, a quarterly journal, although for a period in 1927 28 it was published monthly. It was created by the poet, dramatist , and literary critic T. S. Eliot who served as its editor for its entire run. Eliot s goal was to make it a literary review dedicated to the maintenance of standards and the reunification of a European intellectual community. ref http app.cul.columbia.edu 8080 ac handle 10022 AC P 1009 Academic Commons Columbia University Libraries ref Although in a letter to a friend in 1935 George Orwell had said for pure snootiness it beats anything I have ever seen , ref An Age Like This 1936 The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell Volume 1 An Age Like This 1939 1940 p.197 Penguin ref writing in 1944 he referred to it as possibly the best literary paper we have ever had . ref As I Please 1944 The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell Volume 3 As I Please 1943 1945 p.197 Penguin ref The first issue of the magazine, of which 600 copies were printed, ref name The New York Times http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 940DE7DA113AF936A1575AC0A96E948260&sec &spon &pagewanted 7 Anything I Write Is Good Letters of T.S. Eliot The New York Times ref included Eliot s The Waste ... page 123 ref The Criterion became the first English periodical to publish Marcel Proust , Paul Val ry ..., though January 1927 the journal was titled The New Criterion . The issues from May 1927 though March 1928 were titled The Monthly Criterion . ref Gallup, p.14 ref Some of Eliot s other contributions .... 2 3. ref References reflist T. S. Eliot DEFAULTSORT Criterion Category Publications established in 1922 ... T. S. Eliot de The Criterion es The Criterion revista ru The Criterion ... more details
The Chirikov criterion or Chirikov resonance overlap criterion was established by the Russian physicist Boris Chirikov . Back in 1959, he published a seminal article Atom. Energ. 6 630 1959 , where he introduced the very first physical criterion for the onset of chaotic motion in deterministic Hamiltonian systems. He then applied such a criterion to explain puzzling experimental results on plasma confinement in magnetic bottles obtained by Rodionov at the Kurchatov Institute . As in an old oriental tale, Boris Chirikov opened such a bottle, and freed the genie of chaos, which spread the world over. Description According to this criterion a deterministic trajectory will begin to move between two nonlinear resonance s in a chaotic and unpredictable manner, in the parameter range math mylabel1 K approx S 2 Delta omega r Delta d 2 1 . math Here font style vertical align 4 math K math font is the perturbation parameter, while font style vertical align 8 math S Delta omega r Delta d math font is the resonance overlap parameter, given by the ratio of the unperturbed resonance width in frequency font style vertical align 8 math Delta omega r math font often computed in the pendulum approximation and proportional to the square root of perturbation , and the frequency difference font style vertical align 8 math Delta d math font between two unperturbed resonances. Since its introduction, the Chirikov criterion has become an important analytical tool for the determination of the chaos border. See also http www.scholarpedia.org article Chirikov criterion Chirikov criterion at Scholarpedia http www.scholarpedia.org article Chirikov standard map Chirikov standard map and standard map Boris Chirikov and http www.scholarpedia.org article Boris Chirikov Boris Chirikov at Scholarpedia References B.V.Chirikov, Resonance processes in magnetic traps , At. Energ. 6 630 1959 in Russian http www.quantware.ups tlse.fr chirikov refs chi1959.pdf Engl. Transl., J. Nucl. Energy Part C Plasma Phys ... more details
In mathematics , in the theory of diophantine approximation , Weyl s criterion states that a sequence math x n math of real number s is equidistributed mod 1 if and only if for all non zero integer s math ell math we have math lim n rightarrow infty frac 1 n sum j 0 n 1 e 2 pi i ell x j 0. math Therefore distribution questions can be reduced to bounds on exponential sum s, a fundamental and general method. This extends naturally to higher dimension s. A sequence math x n in mathbb R k math is equidistributed mod 1 if and only if math forall ell in mathbb Z k backslash 0 math we have math lim n rightarrow infty frac 1 n sum j 0 n 1 e 2 pi i ell cdot x j 0. math The criterion is named after, and was first formulated by, Hermann Weyl ref cite journal last Weyl first H. title Ueber die Gleichverteilung von Zahlen mod. Eins, journal Math. Ann. year 1916 volume 77 pages 313 352 doi 10.1007 BF01475864 issue 3 ref . See also A quantitative form of the Weyl criterion is given by the Erd s Tur n inequality . References references External links http mathworld.wolfram.com WeylsCriterion.html Weyl s Criterion at Mathworld http planetmath.org encyclopedia WeylsCriterion.html Weyl s Criterion at Planetmath Category Diophantine approximation Category Dynamical systems Category Ergodic theory sr ... more details
In nonlinear control , the circle criterion is an important theorem in showing the stability of nonlinear time varying systems. It can be viewed as a generalization of the Nyquist stability criterion for LTI systems. Overview Consider a linear system subject to non linear feedback, i.e. a non linear element math varphi v, t math is present in the feedback loop. Assume that the element satisfies a sector condition math mu 1, mu 2 math , and to keep things simple that the open loop system is stable. Then the closed loop system is globally asymptotically stable if the Nyquist locus does not penetrate the circle having as diameter the segment math 1 mu 1, 1 mu 2 math located on the x axis. General description Consider the nonlinear system math dot mathbf x mathbf Ax mathbf Bw math math mathbf v mathbf Cx . math math mathbf w varphi v, t math Suppose that math mu 1 v le varphi v,t le mu 2 v, forall v,t math math det i omega I n A neq 0, forall omega in R 1 text and exists mu 0 in mu 1, mu 2 , , A mu 0 BC math is stable math Re left mu 2 C i omega I n A 1 B 1 1 mu 1C i omega I n A 1 B right 0 forall omega in R 1 . math Then math exists c 0, delta 0 math such that for any solution of the system the following relation holds math x t le ce delta t x 0 , forall t ge 0. math Condition 3 is also known as the frequency condition . Condition 1 the sector condition . External links http www.nt.ntnu.no users skoge prost proceedings cdc03 pdffiles papers FrA02.1.pdf Sufficient Conditions for Dynamical Output Feedback Stabilization via the Circle Criterion http www control.eng.cam.ac.uk jmm 4f3 handout4.pdf Popov and Circle Criterion Cam UK http control.ee.ethz.ch apnoco Lectures2009 04 Popov 20and 20Circle 20Criterion.pdf Popov and Circle Criterion ETH Category Nonlinear control Category Stability theory ... more details
File Baptism of Christ xx Francesco Alban.JPG thumb 270px Criterion of embarrassment The Baptism of Jesus The criterion of embarrassment , also known as criterion of dissimilarity , is a critical analysis of historical accounts in which accounts embarrassing to the author are presumed to be true because the author would have no reason to invent an embarrassing account about himself. Some Biblical criticism Biblical scholars have used this criterion in assessing whether the New Testament s accounts of Jesus actions and words are historically probable. ref Catherine M. Murphy, The Historical Jesus For Dummies , For Dummies Pub., 2007. p 14 ref See criteria of authenticity and the historical Jesus . It is not commonly used outside Biblical scholarship. History The criterion of embarrassment was invented by Will Durant . In Christ and Caesar, The Story of Civilization , he argued Despite the prejudices and theological preconceptions of the evangelists, they record many incidents that mere inventors would have concealed the competition of the apostles for high places in the Kingdom, their flight after Jesus arrest, Peter s denial, the failure of Christ to work miracles in Galilee, the references ... church history The essence of the criterion of embarrassment is that the early church would hardly ... Jesus would naturally be either suppressed or softened in later stages of the Gospel tradition. This criterion is rarely used by itself, and is typically one of a number of criteria, such as the criterion of discontinuity and the criterion of multiple attestation , along with the historical method . The crucifixion of Jesus is an example of an event that meets the criterion of embarrassment. This method ... The criterion of embarrassment has its limitations and must always be used in concert with the other criteria. One built in limitation to the criterion of embarrassment is that clear cut cases of such embarrassment ... criteria of embarrassment and jesus.html The Criterion of Embarrassment and Jesus Baptism by John http ... more details
In statistical theory, the Chauvenet s criterion named for William Chauvenet ref Chauvenet, William. A Manual of Spherical and Practical Astronomy V. II. 1863. Reprint of 1891. 5th ed. Dover, N.Y. 1960. pp. 474 566. ref is a means of assessing whether one piece of experimental data &mdash an outlier &mdash from a set of observations, is likely to be spurious. To apply Chauvenet s criterion, first calculate the mean and standard deviation of the observed data. Based on how much the suspect datum differs from the mean, use the normal distribution function or a table thereof to determine the probability that a given data point will be at the value of the suspect data point. Multiply this probability by the number of data points taken. If the result is less than 0.5, the suspicious data point may be discarded, i.e., a reading may be rejected if the probability of obtaining the particular deviation from the mean is less than 1 2 n . Example For instance, suppose a value is measured experimentally in several trials as 9, 10, 10, 10, 11, and 50. The mean is 16.7 and the standard deviation 16.34. 50 differs from 16.7 by 33.3, slightly more than two standard deviations. The probability of taking data more than two standard deviations from the mean is roughly 0.05. Six measurements were taken, so the statistic value data size multiplied by the probability is 0.05× 6 0.3. Because 0.3 0.5, according to Chauvenet s criterion, the measured value of 50 should be discarded leaving a new mean of 10, with standard deviation 0.7 . Peirce s criterion Another method for eliminating spurious data is called Peirce s criterion . It was developed a few years before Chauvenet s criterion was published, and it is a more rigorous approach to the rational deletion of outlier data. See S. Ross reference below. Other methods such as Grubbs test for outliers are mentioned under the listing for Outlier ... and science instructors while Chauvenet s criterion provides an objective and quantitative method ... more details
Infobox Magazine title The New Criterion image file TNC cover.jpg image size image caption editor Roger ... English website http www.newcriterion.com www.newcriterion.com issn 0734 0222 The New Criterion ... Times, and Samuel Lipman , a pianist and music critic the name is a reference to The Criterion magazine The Criterion , a British literary magazine edited by T. S. Eliot from 1922 to 1939. The magazine is influential, ref name dour Jeet Heer, The New Criterion The Unbearable Dourness of Being , Gravitas ... Criterion Poetry Prize , a poetry contest with a cash prize, since 1999. In 2004, New Criterion contributors began publishing a blog , known as ArmaVirumque. Origin The New Criterion was founded in 1982 ... be heard, and it is for the purpose of providing such a voice that The New Criterion has been created. ref http www.mugu.com cgi bin Upstream lipsky new criterion ffive ref The choice of Kramer to leave ... Criterion has been highly influential in the way that conservatives think about culture. ref name ... of a century the New Criterion has helped its readers distinguish achievement from failure ... associate editor of the New Criterion, Christopher Carduff, said to the New York Sun I think that what ... the sheep from the pigs in sheep s clothing. New Criterion anthologies Counterpoints 25 Years of The New Criterion on Culture and the Arts , edited by Roger Kimball and Hilton Kramer Ivan R. Dee, 512 pages, 2007 . ISBN 1566637066 ISBN 978 1566637060 Against the Grain The New Criterion on Art and Intellect ... pages 1995 . ISBN 156663069X ISBN 978 1566630696 The New Criterion Reader The First Five Years , edited by Hilton Kramer Free Press, 429 pages 1988 . ISBN 0029176417 ISBN 978 0029176412 New Criterion ... 1997 . ISBN 1566631785, ISBN 978 1566631785 The New Criterion Poetry Prize Since 2000 in poetry 2000 ... that pay close attention to form . ref name avi http www.newcriterion.com weblog 2007 01 new criterion poetry prize.html David Yezzi s post at the Armavirumque blog , the New Criterion Poetry Prize , posted ... more details
In mathematics , Weil s criterion is a criterion of Andr Weil for the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis to be true. It takes the form of an equivalent statement, to the effect that a certain generalized function is positive definite function positive definite . Weil s idea was formulated first in a 1952 paper. It is based on the explicit formula L function explicit formulae of prime number theory, as they apply to Dirichlet L function s, and other more general global L function s. A single statement thus combines statements on the complex zeroes of all Dirichlet L functions. Weil returned to this idea in a 1972 paper, showing how the formulation extended to a larger class of L functions Artin Hecke L function s and to the global function field case. Here the inclusion of Artin L function s, in particular, implicates Artin conjecture L functions Artin s conjecture so that the criterion involves a Generalized Riemann Hypothesis plus Artin Conjecture. The case of function fields, of curves over finite fields, is one in which the analogue of the Riemann Hypothesis is known, by Weil s classical work begun in 1940 and Weil also proved the analogue of the Artin Conjecture. Therefore in that setting, the criterion can be used to show the corresponding statement of positive definiteness does hold. References A. Weil, Sur les formules explicites de la th orie des nombres premiers , Comm. Lund vol. d di a Marcel Riesz 1952 252 265 Collected Papers II A. Weil, Sur les formules explicites de la th orie des nombres, Izvestia Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. Math. 36 1972 3 18 Collected Papers III, 249 264 Category Zeta and L functions ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Discovered by Karl Schwarzschild ref name Gesammelte Werke1 Karl Schwarzschild, Gesammelte Werke Collected Works, http books.google.co.uk books?id t69Sb1Sv5HsC Page 14, ref , the Schwarzschild Criterion is a criterion in astrophysics where a stellar medium is stable Lapse rate against convection where math frac dT dZ frac g C p math Where math g math is gravity and math C p math is the heat capacity at constant pressure. If a gas is unstable against convection then if an element is displaced upwards its buoyancy will cause it to keep rising or if it is displaced downwards it is denser than its surroundings and will continue to sink. Therefore, the Schwarzschild Criterion dictates whether an element of a star will rise or sink if displaced by random fluctuations within the star or if the forces the element experiences will return it to its original position. For the Schwarzschild Criterion to hold the displaced element must have a bulk velocity which is highly Speed of sound subsonic . If this is the case then the time over which the pressures surrounding the element changes is much longer than the time it takes for a sound wave to travel through the element and smooth out pressure differences between the element and its surroundings. If this were not the case the element would not hold together as it traveled through the star. In order to keep rising or sinking in the star the displaced element must not be able to become the same density as the gas surrounding it. In other words it must respond adiabatically to its surroundings. In order for this to be true it must move fast enough for there to be insufficient time for the element to exchange heat with its surroundings. ref name Gesammelte Werke2 Karl Schwarzschild, Gesammelte Werke Collected Works, http books.google.co.uk books?id t69Sb1Sv5HsC Page 106, ref See also Archimedes Principle References references Category Astrophysics astronomy stub ... more details
In probability theory , Kolmogorov s criterion , named after Andrey Kolmogorov , is a theorem in Markov process es concerning stationary Markov chain s i.e. ones with stationary transition probabilities, also called Markov chain Variations time homogeneous Markov chains . The theorem states that such a chain is time reversibility reversible if and only if its transition probabilities or rates for a continuous chain satisfy math p j 1 j 2 p j 2 j 3 cdots p j n 1 j n p j n j 1 p j 1 j n p j n j n 1 cdots p j 3 j 2 p j 2 j 1 math for all finite sequences of states math j 1, j 2, ldots, j n in S . math Here p sub ij sub are elements of the transition matrix P and S is the state space of the chain. Explanation File Kolmogorov criterion.png Consider this figure depicting a section of a CTMC with states i, j, k and l and the corresponding transition rates. Here Kolmogorov s criterion implies that the product of rates when traversing through any closed loop must be equal. For example, from i j k l i, the rate product is math q ij q jk q kl q li math . On the other hand, the rate through i l k j i, the product rate is math q il q lk q kj q ji math . The criterion says that the CTMC is Reversible Markov process reversible if and only if it satisfies the above equality. Notes references See also Kolmogorov s generalized criterion Category Markov processes ... more details
The Jewish Criterion , editors Rabbi Levy and Charles H. Joseph, is one of two weekly papers for Jews in Pittsburgh . The Oxford English Dictionary s Etymology of pastrami, n . ref pastrami, n. Third edition , October 2008 online version November 2010 ref quotes a 1914 advert from the paper Sardines and pimentos .Pastrami . Rye bread etc. References reflist Pittsburgh Category Jews and Judaism in Pennsylvania Category History of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ... more details
Infobox building name Criterion Place location Sovereign Street, Leeds , England image coordinates status Cancelled roof convert 180 m ft 0 antenna spire floor count 53 start date 2008 est completion 2011 floor area architect Ian Simpson Architects developer Simons Developments main contractor Criterion Place was a proposed skyscraper development in Leeds , West Yorkshire , England . In July 2008 it was announced that the project is to be cancelled owing to the property market slump. ref name scrapped http news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi england west yorkshire 7513752.stm Skyscrapers axed as market slides , BBC News , 18 July 2008 ref ref name scrapped2 http www.skyscrapernews.com news.php?ref 1644 Crystalline Criterion Place Plans Shattered , Skyscrapernews.com , 21 July 2008 ref Background The site, which is surrounded by Neville Street , Sovereign Street , Swinegate and Leeds City railway station , was previously home to the Queen s Hall, a building which was originally a tram and then a bus depot and had latterly became a venue hosting events such as exhibitions, flea market s and concerts . The Queen s Hall was demolished in 1989. http www.flickr.com photos danielrobot 2326269935 Since demolition, the site has been used as a surface level car park . Early proposals for development on the site ... to add two additional storeys to the Criterion Place multi storey car park began in July 2008. Ian .... Image Leeds building heights Criterion Place .svg thumb 300px left Proposed height of the completed Criterion Place 2007 proposal , compared to the height of other existing and approved tall buildings ... when Leeds City Council terminated Simons Estates contract to develop the Criterion Place site .... The Criterion Place site which has remained undeveloped for nearly 20 years will continue to be used ... buildings.php?id 1004 Skyscraper News Criterion Place http www.leeds cityscape.co.uk Criterion Place approved.htm Criterion Place on Leeds Cityscape UKSkyscrapers City of Leeds Use dmy dates date January ... more details
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