CTSS may refer to Cathepsin S , an enzyme Compatible Time Sharing System Cray Time Sharing System disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
This article is about the MIT Computation Center operating system. CTSS may also stand for the Cray Time ... manager working state Historic license website The Compatible Time Sharing System , or the CTSS ... of Technology MIT s Computation Center. CTSS was first demonstrated in 1961, and was operated at MIT until 1973. During part of this time, MIT s Project MAC had a second copy of CTSS, but the system did not spread beyond two sites though this applies to many early computer systems . CTSS was described ... operating systems shows information on the FMS . CTSS ran an unaltered copy of FMS, processing ... used to support them. CTSS was very influential. It showed that time sharing was viable it fostered ... of current operating systems. Characteristics CTSS had one of the first computerized text formatting utilities, called RUNOFF . CTSS had one of the first inter user messaging implementations, possibly ... for CTSS a command called RUNCOM , which executed a list of commands contained in a file. He later ... s. RUNCOM also allowed parameter substitution. Implementation CTSS used a modified IBM 7094 mainframe ... MAC, was started in the 1960s as a successor to CTSS, for future use in multiple access computing. Multics ... from CTSS is daemon computer software daemon . Incompatible Timesharing System ITS , the I ncompatible ... by people who disagreed with the direction taken by Multics the name was a parody of CTSS ... MIT Project MAC, 1964 describes the usage of CTSS Jerome H. Saltzer, http www.lcs.mit.edu publications pubs pdf MIT LCS TR 016.pdf CTSS Technical Notes MIT Project MAC, 1965 describes the internals of CTSS in some detail Jerome H. Saltzer, http web.mit.edu Saltzer www publications AH.9.01.html Manuscript ... formatting system F. J. Corbat , et al., http www.bitsavers.org pdf mit ctssCTSS ProgrammersGuide.pdf ... www.multicians.org thvv 7094.html The IBM 7094 and CTSS personal memoir of Tom Van Vleck , a system programmer on CTSS http www.multicians.org shell.html The Origin of the Shell describes the evolution ... more details
named CFT Cray ForTran both written in the Cray Assembly Language CAL . CTSS had the misfortune to have ... like the Cray 2 and the Cray Y MP came into use. CTSS has its final breaths running on Cray instruction ... S 1, but this did not save the software. CTSS embodied certain unique ideas such as a market driven priorities for working running processes. An attempt to succeed CTSS was started by LLNL named NLTSS ... of CTSS. NLTSS followed the development fate of many operating systems and only briefly ran on period ... more details
CTTS can be an abbreviation for Central Texas Turnpike System Circle Takes the Square , an experimental screamo band Classical T Tauri Star See also CTSS disambiguation disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Lowercase runoff runoff was the text formatting computer program program on the Multics operating system . It was a descendant of the RUNOFF type setting program from Compatible Time Sharing System CTSS and was originally written by Jerome H. Saltzer . Robert Morris cryptographer Bob Morris and Doug McIlroy translated that from MAD assembler to BCPL they then moved the BCPL version to Multics when the IBM 7094 on which CTSS ran was being shut down. A later version of runoff for Multics was written in PL I by Dennis Capps, in 1974. This runoff code was the ancestor of the machine language roff that was written for the fledgling Unix . Other versions of Runoff were developed for various computer systems including Digital Equipment Corporation s PDP 11 minicomputer systems running RT 11 , RSTS E , RSX 11 RSX on Digital s PDP 10 and for OpenVMS on VAX minicomputers, as well as Sperry Unisys Univac 90 60 mainframe using the EDT text editor EDT text editor under the VS 9 operating system . These different releases of Runoff typically had had little or no relationship to each other in terms of how formatting commands and arrangement of text was performed except that they all used the convention of separating presentation text from Runoff commands by indicating a command to Runoff by beginning the line with a period. External links cite book last Honeywell Bull, Inc. title Multics Commands and Active Functions AG92 06 url http www.bitsavers.org pdf honeywell multics AG92 06B multicsCmds Nov87.pdf accessdate Feb 23, 2012 date Feb, 1985 pages 3 822 to 3 842 DEFAULTSORT Runoff Program Category Word processors Category Troff digital typography stub ... more details
Distinguish Run command The term rc stands for the phrase run commands . It is used for any file that contains startup information for a command. It is believed to have originated somewhere in 1965 from a runcom facility from the MIT Compatible Time Sharing System CTSS . From Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie There was a facility that would execute a bunch of commands stored in a file it was called runcom for run commands , and the file began to be called a runcom . rc in Unix is a fossil from that usage. ref name iu.edu cite web url http kb.iu.edu data abnd.html title In Unix, what do some obscurely named commands stand for? Knowledge Base accessdate 2009 04 20 ref Tom Van Vleck , a Multics engineer, has also reminisced about the extension rc The idea of having the command processing shell be an ordinary slave program came from the Multics design, and a predecessor program on CTSS by Louis Pouzin called RUNCOM, the source of the .rc suffix on some Unix configuration files. ref name urlUnix and Multics cite web url http www.multicians.org unix.html title Unix and Multics accessdate 2009 04 20 ref This is also the origin of the name of the Plan 9 from Bell Labs shell by Tom Duff , the rc shell . It is called rc because the main job of a shell is to run commands . While not historically precise, rc may also be expanded as run control , because an rc file controls how a program runs. For instance, the editor Vim text editor Vim looks for and reads the contents of the .vimrc file to determine its initial configuration. In The Art Of Unix Programming , Eric S. Raymond consistently refers to rc files as run control files. See also rc file Configuration file References references External links http kb.iu.edu data abnd.html In Unix, what do obscurely named commands stand for? Category Unix software zh Rc UNIX ... more details
wiktionary run off run off runoff Run off or runoff may refer to RUNOFF , the first computer text formatting program, running on the CTSS operating system Runoff program , the type setting program on the Multics operating system Runoff model reservoir , a mathematical model describing the rainfall runoff relations of a rainfall catchment area or watershed Run off area , an area on a racetrack for racer safety Runoff curve number , an empirical parameter used in hydrology Runoff voting or Two round system , a voting system used to elect a single winner, whereby only two candidates from the first round continue to the second round Instant runoff voting , an electoral system in which voters rank the candidates in order of preference Surface runoff , the flow of water, from rain, snow melt, or other sources, over land Bleed printing , printing that goes beyond the edge of the sheet after trimming See also intitle Runoff OR Run off OR Run off All pages with titles containing Runoff or Run off or Run off . disambiguation ... more details
Supertek Computers, Inc. was a computer company founded in Santa Clara, California in 1985 by Mike Fung, an ex Hewlett Packard project manager , with the aim of designing and selling low cost minisupercomputer s compatible with those from Cray Research . Its first product was the Supertek S 1 , a compact, air cooled, CMOS clone computing clone of the Cray X MP vector processor supercomputer running the Cray Time Sharing System CTSS operating system , and later a version of Unix . This was launched in 1989. Only ten were sold before Supertek were acquired by Cray Research in 1990 and the S 1 was subsequently sold for a brief time by Cray as the Cray XMS . At the time of the acquisition the Supertek S 2 , a clone of the Cray Y MP , was under development briefly named the Cray YMS, and this was eventually launched as the Cray Y MP EL in 1992. References http parallel.ru history wilson history.html The History of the Development of Parallel Computing http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 9C0CE1DC133EF933A05750C0A966958260 Cray in Deal To Acquire Supertek , New York Times tech company stub Category Defunct computer companies of the United States Category Supercomputers ru Supertek Computers ... more details
s S 360 operating systems in a virtual machine, as contented users of CTSS they also knew that they wouldn ... heavily on the lessons taught by CTSS. Indeed, the CMS user interface would be very much like that of CTSS ... more details
CTSS colspan 99 style border bottom 1px solid IBM mainframe systems rowspan 2 style border ... Compatible Time Sharing System CTSS br CP 67 CANDE Burroughs large systems 1965? present ... DOS microcomputer system TOPS 10 br CP CMS br 86 DOS QDOS MS DOS Compatible Time Sharing System CTSS ... Sharing System CTSS , the original platform for Text Editor and Corrector TECO parent of EMACS , Macsyma , and other important applications Compatible Time Sharing System CTSS br numerous later systems ... Sharing System CTSS br UNIX BSD MULTICS GE 645 1969 2000 Project MAC Rich, important system Compatible Time Sharing System CTSS br UNIX br many other systems Time Sharing Option MVS TSO System 370 and successors ... E, BR current version zOS TSO Compatible Time Sharing System CTSS br TSS 360 BR z OS TSO NOS software ... System CTSS BR TSS 370 UNIX and derivative systems ubiquitous 1969 present Bell Laboratories and successors ... more details
two multi user computer operating system s CTSS and MULTICS. Up until MIT was entrusted to build ... of this project, CTSS was built based on an IBM machine, the 1794. Many of the software development concepts that are seen today paging, interrupts were all borne out of CTSS. The next generation of this system ... more details
unreferenced date June 2011 lowercase title nroff nroff short for new roff is a Unix text formatting computer program program it produces output suitable for simple fixed width computer printer printers and computer terminal terminal windows. It is an integral part of the Unix help system, being used to format man page s for display. nroff was written by Joe Ossanna . It was a descendant of the RUNOFF program from Compatible Time Sharing System CTSS , the first computerized text formatting program, and is a predecessor of the Unix troff document processing system. There is also a free software version of nroff in the Groff software groff package. The Minix operating system, among others, uses a clone of nroff called cawf by Vic Abell, based on awf, the Amazingly Workable Formatter designed in awk by Henry Spencer . These are not full replacements for the nroff troff suite of tools, but are sufficient for display and printing of basic documents and manual page s. In addition, a simplified version of nroff is available in Ratfor source code form as an example in the book Software Tools by Brian Kernighan and P.J. Plauger . See also troff External links http www.netadmintools.com html 7roff.man.html roff Concepts and history of roff typesetting http doc.cat v.org henry spencer awf source code for Henry Spencer s AWF http www.quut.com berlin ms troff.html troff nroff quick reference http www.fnal.gov docs products ups ReferenceManual html manpages.html Introduction to creating and formatting man pages Category Troff unix stub cs Nroff es Nroff it Nroff ... more details
For the American town Roff, Oklahoma lowercase title roff roff was the first Unix text formatting computer program , the most important application run on the first machine specifically purchased to run UNIX citation needed date October 2011 , and a predecessor of the nroff and troff document processing systems. It was a Unix version of the runoff program runoff text formatting program from Multics , which was a descendant of RUNOFF for Compatible Time Sharing System CTSS the first computerized text formatting application . The first UNIX version was a transliteration of the BCPL version of runoff into PDP 7 assembly, for the prototype UNIX on the PDP 7, circa 1970. When the first PDP 11 was acquired for UNIX in late 1970 a PDP 11 20 , the justification cited to management for the funding required was that it was to be used as a word processing system, and so roff was quickly transliterated again, into PDP 11 assembly, in 1971. Dennis Ritchie notes that the ability to rapidly modify roff because it was locally written software to provide special features needed by the Bell Labs Patent department was an important factor in leading to the adoption of UNIX by the Patent department to fill their word processing needs. This in turn gave UNIX enough credibility inside Bell Labs to secure the funding to purchase one of the first PDP 11 45s produced it was on that machine that UNIX evolved into the system that later took the computer science world by storm. Citation needed date November 2009 See also nroff troff Groff software groff Sources D. M. Ritchie, The Evolution of the UNIX Time sharing System AT&T Bell Laboratories Technical Journal, Vol. 63, No. 8, October 1984 External links http www.netadmintools.com html 7roff.man.html roff Concepts and history of roff typesetting Category Typesetting software digital typography stub es Roff fr Roff ja Roff ... more details
of CTSS F. J. Corbat editor , http www.bitsavers.org pdf mit ctss The Compatible Time Sharing System ... System CTSS , Project MAC, and Multics. http video.google.com videoplay?docid 4989933629762859961 ... Fitch, Science Reporter , featuring MIT s Compatible Time Sharing System CTSS time sharing system and an interview ... more details
Deleted image removed Image Pouzinlouis.jpg thumb Louis Pouzin Louis Pouzin born 1931 in Chantenay Saint Imbert , Ni vre , France invented the datagram and designed an early packet switched packet communications network, CYCLADES . He also created the first forms of command line interface. His work was broadly used by Bob Kahn Robert Kahn , Vinton Cerf , and many others in the development of Internet and TCP IP under DARPA Director Stephen Lukasik. Having participated in the design of Compatible Time Sharing System CTSS , Pouzin wrote a program called RUNCOM around 1963 64. RUNCOM permitted the execution of contained commands within a folder, and can be considered the ancestor of the command line interface and shell scripts. Pouzin was, in fact, the one who coined the term Shell computing shell for a command language language in 1964 or 65. ref http www.multicians.org shell.html ref . Pouzin s concepts were later implemented in Multics by Glenda Schroeder at MIT . Louis Pouzin was named a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor by the French government on March 19, 2003. External links http www.multicians.org shell.html Louis Pouzin, The Origin of the Shell http www.sigcomm.org awards sigcomm awards postel and pouzin award details A small biography of Louis Pouzin and Jon Postel, 1997 SIGCOMM Awards Winners http olivier.roller.free.fr pouzinlouis.html A nice photo of Louis Pouzin taken by French photographer Olivier Roller http pouzin.pnanetworks.com The Pouzin Society, named after and devoted to extend the work of Louis Pouzin References reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Pouzin, Louis ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1931 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Pouzin, Louis Category 1931 births Category French computer scientists Category Computer pioneers Category Living people Category Internet pioneers Category Chevaliers of the L gion d honneur France compu bio stub fr Louis Pouzin ja pl Louis Pouzin ... more details
PBB geneid 1520 Cathepsin S , also known as CTSS , is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSS gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene CTSS cathepsin S url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 1520 accessdate ref The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the peptidase C1 family, is a lysosome lysosomal cysteine protease that may participate in the degradation of antigenic proteins to peptides for presentation on MHC class II molecules. The encoded protein can function as an elastase over a broad pH range in pulmonary alveolus alveolar macrophage s. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyadenylation signals exist for this gene. ref name entrez Cathepsin S has been shown to be a significant prognostic factor for patients with type IV astrocytomas glioblastoma multiforme , and its inhibition has shown improvement in survival time by mean average 5 months. This is because the cysteine enzyme can no longer act together with other proteases to break up the brain extracellular matrix. So the spread of the tumor is halted. Scientists have just announced that this enzyme predicts death, as it has been shown to be associated with both heart disease and cancer. ref http healthland.time.com 2011 08 31 a blood test to predict death it could be possible ?hpt hp t2 ref See also Cathepsin References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Shi GP, Munger JS, Meara JP, et al. title Molecular cloning and expression of human alveolar macrophage cathepsin S, an elastinolytic cysteine protease. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 267 issue 11 pages 7258 62 year 1992 pmid 1373132 doi cite journal author Wiederanders B, Br mme D, Kirschke H, et al. title Phylogenetic conservation of cysteine proteinases. Cloning and expression of a cDNA coding for human cathepsin S. journal J. Biol. Chem ... 99 00068 8 cite journal author Cao H, Hegele RA title Human cathepsin S gene CTSS promoter 25G A polymorphism ... more details
Infobox school name Clementi Town Secondary School br image File CTSS Badge.jpg motto Aspire and Grow established 1980 type Government session Single session principal Mrs Grace Chua vice principal Mrs Karine Yong city town Clementi enrolment about 1,350 school code 3029 colours White, Green homepage http www.ctss.moe.edu.sg Clementi Town Secondary School is a secondary school located in Clementi, Singapore Clementi , Singapore . It started functioning in year 1980 . It is a mixed, single session, government school. Mrs Grace Chua is the current principal. Ms Karine Yong is the current vice principal of the school. School Vision To be a vibrant community of learners that values every individual and nurtures the spirit of excellence. School Mission To develop in every Clementeen the passion to learn, the confidence to lead and the humility to serve. School Values A daptability S elf discipline P erseverance I ntegrity RE spect Subjects Offered The subjects it offers are Additional Mathematics, Art And Design, Biology, Chemistry, Chinese, Combined Humanities S,G , Combined Humanities S,H , Design & Technology, English Language, Food & Nutrition Home Economic , Higher Chinese, Literature E ,Malay, Mathematics, Physics, Science Chem, Bio , Science Phy, Chem , Tamil, Technical Studies School song Lyrics by Mrs Lee Hong Leong and Ms Ho Swee Yin Music by Mr John De Souza We are one big family In Clementi Town Secondary With a true spirit and with zeal Diligence and loyalty Together we grow in wisdom Strength and Unity, Chorus Clementi Town Secondary We pledge to uphold your name From each his best and yet as one We ll strive to aspire and grow In all endeavours we ll work hard In lesson or sports or in music Skills and good traits to be acquired Not forgetting humility For country and nation We ll serve In peace and harmony Chorus CCA Offered Sports & Games Badminton Basketball ... Town Secondary School http schools.moe.edu.sg ctss school info.asp External links http app.sis.moe.gov.sg ... more details
Infobox company company logo Image Martin Chilcott.jpg Martin Chilcott born 12 December 1965 is a British entrepreneur specializing in environment and education, best known as the founder and CEO of 2degrees Network 2degrees , the world s largest community for sustainable business . His first successful business venture was CTSS, a specialist technology marketing company, with colleague and friend James Tarin. In 1995, he established Clarity Communications, followed by various companies that included Meltwater Ventures, a green business incubation service. Early life Chilcott was born in Aldershot , Hampshire , the son of Rosemary and Michael John Patrick Chilcott. Chilcott was educated at St Joseph s College, Ipswich St Josephs College, Ipswich before going on to study History at Clare College, Cambridge . Career In 1989, Chilcott started CTSS, a specialist technology marketing consultancy, with his current business partner, James Tarin. Their main client for 5 years was a small start up business called The Carphone Warehouse , which would grow into Europe s largest independent mobile phone retailer. ref http www.carphonewarehouse.com store locator ref As a result of its success, Chilcott s business moved to London and in 1995 founded Clarity IBD Ltd, an Electronic business e business consultancy that would work with Abbey National and National Rail to create online content. This was later acquired by Proxicom , another Electronic business e business consultancy. ref http findarticles.com p articles mi m0EIN is 2000 April 20 ai 61592992 ref After various further business ventures Chilcott co founded Place Group, an educational consultancy company, in 2005. ref http www.place group.com ref He would spend the next few years working alongside local authorities and national government programs until, by 2008, they were the market leader in delivering school academy transitions in the UK. ref http www.place group.com news062.html ref A year after the founding of Place G ... more details
of running a multi user system like Compatible Time Sharing System CTSS . Contrast this with IBM s Time ... been a Compatible Time Sharing System CTSS programmer. ref Varian, op. cit., pp. 3, 9, 16 &ndash genesis ... main virtualization problem memory references. Experience with CTSS ...suggested the need for dynamic ... ref CMS under CP 40 About the decision to separate CMS and CP, Creasy writes The implementation of CTSS ... and user support. In effect, the integrated design of CTSS was split into CP and CMS. The value of experience gained on the CTSS project cannot be overstated. ref Creasy, op. cit., p. 485 &ndash separating ... more details
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