Ontology basedData Integration involves the use of ontology computer science ontology s to effectively combine data or information from multiple heterogeneous sources ref name wache cite conference author ... homepagine talks TutorialPODS02.pdf ref . The effectiveness of ontology baseddata integration is closely ... the mappings used to integrate data from multiple sources. These mappings may either be user specified or generated by a system. Approaches using ontologies for data Integration There are three main architectures that are implemented in ontology baseddata integration applications, ref name wache namely ... Based Integration of Information A Survey of Existing Approaches year 2001 url http www.cs.vu.nl heiner public ois 2001.pdf ref . It is one of the multiple data integration approaches and may be classified as Local As View LAV ref name refone cite conference author Maurizio Lenzerini title Data ... Data from multiple sources are characterized by multiple types of heterogeneity. The following ... changing.pdf ref ref http daks.ucdavis.edu ludaesch Paper AHM02 tutorial5.html AHM02 Tutorial 5 Data ..., X. Qian ref Syntactic Heterogeneity is a result of differences in representation format of data Schematic or Structural Heterogeneity the native model or structure to store data differ in data source ... differences in interpretation of the meaning of data are source of semantic heterogeneity System ... and named relationships linking them, are used to address the issue of semantic heterogeneity in data ... for the data integration community to leverage them for semantic integration of data and information ... enables accurate interpretation of data from multiple sources through the explicit definition .... Multiple ontologies Multiple ontologies, each modeling an individual data source, are used ... based on Interoperation across Pre existing Ontologies year 1996 url http dit.unitn.it p2p RelatedWork .... See also Schema matching Data Integration Enterprise application integration Enterprise Information ... more details
Merge from UDP Data Transport discuss Talk UDP basedData Transfer Protocol Merger proposal date October ... License website http udt.sourceforge.net UDP basedData Transfer Protocol UDT , is a high performance data transfer protocol designed for transferring large volumetric datasets over high speed wide ... Workshops, March 2011, Singapore. Yunhong Gu and Robert L. Grossman, UDT UDP basedData ... can be found on SourceForge . It is one of the most popular solutions for supporting high speed data ... by Yunhong Gu during his PhD studies at the National Center for Data Mining NCDM of University ... Library , was designed to support bulk data transfer for scientific data movement over private networks. SABUL used UDP for data transfer and a separate TCP connection for control messages. SABUL was later ... control connection in SABUL and used UDP for both data and control information. UDT2 also introduced ..., duplex protocol that supports both reliable data streaming and partial reliable messaging. Acknowledging ... path when the data transfer speed is high, because in these situations, the number of ACKs is proportional to time, rather than the number of data packets. AIMD with Decreasing Increase UDT .... The congestion window, as a secondary control mechanism, is set according to the data arrival rate ... performance computing area to support high speed data transfer over optical networks. For example, GridFTP , a popular data transfer tool in grid computing, uses UDT as its data transfer protocol ... wide area networks . Because UDT is purely based on UDP, it has also been used in many situations ... demonstrated the use of UDT in a complicated high speed data transfer involving various distributed applications over a 120 node system, across four data centers in Baltimore, Chicago 2 , and San ... UDT powered wide area data intensive cloud computing applications. References Bernardo, D.V and Hoang, D. B Empirical Survey Experimentation and Implementations of High Speed Protocol Data Transfer ... more details
two other uses data in computer science Data computing pp move indef Editors please keep the count mass discussion and etymology in the body, not the intro. Data IPAc en icon d e t respell DAY t , IPAc en d t respell DA t , or IPAc en d t respell DAH t are values of Qualitative data qualitative or Quantitative data quantitative variable and attribute research variable s, belonging to a set of items. Data in computing or data processing are often represented by a combination of items organized in rows and multivariate analysis multiple variables organized in columns. Data are typically the results of measurements and can be data visualisation visualised using graph data structure graph s or image s. Data as an abstract concept can be viewed as the lowest level of abstraction from which information and then knowledge are derived. Raw data , i.e., unprocessed data, refers to a collection of number s, character computing characters and is a relative term data processing commonly occurs by stages, and the processed data from one stage may be considered the raw data of the next. Field work Field data refers to raw data collected in an uncontrolled in situ environment. Experimental data refers to data generated within the context of a scientific investigation by observation and recording. The word data is the plural of datum , Grammatical gender neuter past participle ... , engineering , and so on, the terms givens and data are used interchangeably. Such usage is the origin of data as a concept in computer science or data processing data are numbers, words, images ... datum from which distances to all other data are measured. Any measurement or result is a datum , but data point is more usual, ref cite web author Matt Dye year 2001 title Writing Reports url http ... and the originally Latin plural data are used as the plural of datum in English, but data is commonly ... in day to day usage. For example, This is all the data from the experiment . This usage is inconsistent ... more details
otheruses Data disambiguation Debt, AIDS, Trade, Africa or DATA was a multinational Non governmental organization non government organization founded in January 2002 in London by U2 s Bono along with Robert Sargent Shriver III Bobby Shriver and activist s from the Jubilee 2000 Drop the Debt campaign. DATA was created for the purposes of obtaining social equality equality and justice for Africa through debt relief adjusting trade rules which burden Africa eliminating the AIDS in Africa African AIDS epidemic strengthening democracy furthering accountability by the wealthiest nations and African leaders and Transparency humanities transparency towards the people. In 2007, DATA and Bono were jointly awarded the National Constitution Center s 2007 Liberty Medal for their groundbreaking efforts to address the AIDS crisis and extreme poverty in Africa. Start up funds came from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , financier George Soros , and technology entrepreneur Edward W. Scott . ref cite news url http www.time.com time printout 0,8816,1142270,00.html title The Constant Charmer author Josh Tyrangiel date 2005 12 19 work Time Magazine ref In 2007, DATA and the ONE Campaign decided to join forces, and in January 2008, they formally merged under the name ONE. ref cite news url http www.reuters.com article idUSN2953856520071029 title Bono s U.S. based anti poverty groups to merge author Lesley Wroughton date 2007 10 29 work Reuters ref DATA received support from the Christian rock Alternative rock bands Switchfoot and Third Day . References references External links http www.one.org ONE official site Category International nongovernmental organizations Category HIV AIDS in Africa Category Organizations founded by Bono int org stub de Debt, AIDS, Trade in Africa it DATA sv DATA f rening vi DATA ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2010 Expert subject date August 2010 Wiktionary In general, object based indicates that something such as a theory, language, or model is based on the concept of Object philosophy object . In computer science , the term object based has two different senses A somehow limited version of object oriented programming , where one or more of the following restrictions applies a There is no implicit Inheritance object oriented programming inheritance , b there is no Polymorphism computer science polymorphism , c only a very reduced subset of the available values are object programming object s typically the GUI components . Prototype based programming Prototype based systems that is, those based on prototype objects that are not instances of any class . Visual Basic is an example of a language that is object based in the first sense of the term, and JavaScript is an example of the second. See also Object based language computer programing DEFAULTSORT Object Based Category Object oriented programming comp sci stub bg ko ... more details
Original research article date January 2009 The term faith based is a neologism coined in the 1970s , mostly current in American English , to describe any organization or government idea or plan based on religious beliefs, specifically Christianity Christian beliefs. ref http dictionary.cambridge.org dictionary british faith based Cambridge Advanced Learner s Dictionary ref The term commonly refers to associated organizations such as Catholic Charities . Such faith based organizations typically deliver a variety of services to the public, such as caring for the infirm and elderly, advocating justice ... efforts. Definition Science and Theology News equates the term faith based group with civic ..., faith based groups are nothing new. Since the late 18th century, from a period known as the Second ... of faith based initiative , e.g. U.S. President George W. Bush s proposal to grant religious charitable social service groups federal money via the White House Office of Faith Based and Community Initiatives . Examples of US faith based organizations Funding for faith based organizations in the U.S. ... designed to strengthen the role faith based organizations play in human services Mentoring ... re integrate themselves back into society. In providing these grants to faith based groups, the Federal ... community Reality based community Salvation Army Samaritan Institute Volunteers of America References Reflist External links Wiktionary faith based http www.homeoffice.gov.uk equality diversity ... White House Office of Faith Based and Community Initiatives http www.religionandsocialpolicy.org news article print.cfm?id 2740 Texas town s faith based prison plan questioned Charles Colson s http www.mediatransparency.com story.php?storyID 91 Christian based prison project on trial in Iowa http www.clintreilly.com ?p 215 The Faith Based Charade by former Catholic Charities President Clint Reilly DEFAULTSORT Faith Based Category Neologisms Category Religion in the United States Category Separation ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Based Boys Type studio Artist The Pack group The Pack Cover The Pack Based Boys.jpg Released flagicon United States October 30, 2007 Recorded 2005 2007 Genre Hip hop music Hip hop Length Label Up All Nite Records Up All Night Jive Records Jive Producer Young L, Mr. Collipark , Traxamillion , DJ Speedy, The Renegade producer The Renegade , Too Short Last album Skateboards 2 Scrapers br 2006 This album Based Boys br 2007 Next album Wolfpack Musik Vol. 3 Screamin Demons br 2008 Album reviews rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 2 5 ref Allmusic class album id r1212417 pure url yes Allmusic Review ref Automatically generated by DASHBot Based Boys is the debut album by Bay Area rap group The Pack group The Pack . The album was released on October 30, 2007 by Jive Records . ref cite web url http www.amazon.com Based Boys Pack dp B000VR013I title Based Boys Pack Music publisher Amazon.com date accessdate 2012 01 15 ref The street single off the album was titled I Look Good . The first single off the album was titled In My Car . Music videos The first video was shot for In My Car in Los Angeles by famed director Dale Rage Restinghini. The second video was shot on December 13, 2007 in New York for I Look Good . Other videos off the album include music videos shot for Vans and I m Shinin shot previously to help promote Skateboards 2 Scrapers EP. A low budget music video was also shot for Booty Bounce Bopper . Later on a video for Wolfpack Party was shot as well. Sales Even though their first EP Skateboards 2 Scrapers received fairly good sale reception, their debut album Based Boys failed to do so. The album sold a disappointing 2300 copies in its first week according to Soundscan and Billboard. ref http indiehq.com 2007 11 07 independent sales chart 11 7 07 IndieHQ 2.0 Independent Sales Chart 11 7 07 Bot generated title ref The album peaked at 14 on Billboard magazine Billboard s Heatseeker chart. Track ... more details
legacy data virtualization vendors older EII technology and newer technologies based upon persistent ...Data virtualization describes the process of abstracting disparate data sources databases, applications, file repositories, websites, data services vendors, etc. through a single data access layer which may be any of several data access mechanisms . This abstraction enables data access clients to target a single data access layer, serialization, format, structure, etc., rather than making each client tool handle multiples of any or all of these. This concept and software is commonly used within data integration , business intelligence , service oriented architecture data services, cloud computing , enterprise search , master data management and virtual master data management. Examples Linked Data can use a single hyperlink basedData Source Name Data Source Name DSN to provide a connection to a virtual database layer that is internally connected to a variety of back end data sources using ... virtualization may use a single ODBC based DSN to provide a connection to a similar virtual database layer. Functionality Data Virtualization software is an enabling technology which provides some or all of the following capabilities Abstraction Abstract the technical aspects of stored data, such as location, storage structure, API, access language, and storage technology. Virtualized Data Access Connect to different data sources and make them accessible from one logical place Transformation Integration Transform, improve quality, and integrate databased on need across multiple sources Data Federation Combine results sets from across multiple source systems. Flexible Data Delivery Publish result sets as views and or data services executed by consuming application or users when requested Data virtualization software may includes functions for development, operation, and or management. History Enterprise Information Integration EII and data federation have been used by some vendors ... more details
In statistics , aggregate data describes data combined from several measurements. When you aggregate data, you replace groups of observations with summary statistics based on those observations. ref http www.r bloggers.com aggregation and restructuring data from E2 80 9Cr in action E2 80 9D more 891 Aggregation and Restructuring of data chapter 5.6 from the book R in Action , Manning Publications ref In economics , aggregate data or data aggregates describes high level data that is composed from a multitude or combination of other more individual data. in macroeconomics data such as the overall price level or overall inflation rate in microeconomics data of an entire sector of an economy composed of many firms, or of all households in a city or region. See also Aggregate disambiguation References Reflist Category Statistical terminology statistics stub econ term stub no Aggregering pl Agregat danych ... more details
A data store is a data repository of a set of integrated objects. These objects are modeled using classes defined in database schema s. ref cite web accessdate 2011 03 17 location http www.osgeo.org publisher OSGeo title FDO Concepts Data Concepts url http www.osgeo.org files fdo docs FDG FDODevGuide files WS7106c181349dd8d016672d6105df83c6e7 7fff.htm quote What is a Data Store? A data store is a repository of an integrated set of objects. The objects in a data store are modeled either by classes or feature classes defined within one or more schemas. ref Data store includes not only data repositories like databases, it is a more general concept that includes also flat files that can store data. ref cite web accessdate 2011 04 04 location http www.information management.com publisher Information Management title Glossary D data store quote A place where data is stored data at rest. A generic term that includes databases and flat files. url http www.information management.com glossary d.html ref Some data stores do represent data in only one schema, while other data stores use several schemas for this task. An example are RDBMS baseddata stores like MySQL or PostgreSQL . Types Data stores can be of different types. The widely used data store type are relational database s. Examples MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server , Oracle Database Object oriented database s, like Cach software Cach or ConceptBase . They can save Object computer science object s of an Object oriented programming object oriented design. Operational data store s Schema less data stores, like Distributed data store s e.g. Apache Cassandra or Dynamo storage system Dynamo . References reflist See also Data flow diagram Distributed data store Data warehouse Category Databases Category Database management systems database stub ... more details
Data administration or data resource management is an organizational function working in the areas of information systems and computer science that plans, organizes, describes and controls data resources. Data resources are usually as stored in database s under a database management system or other software such as spreadsheet electronic spreadsheet s. In many smaller organizations, data administration ... of information Systems development life cycle systems development , data administration ideally begins at system conception, ensuring there is a data dictionary to help maintain consistency, avoid redundancy, and model the database so as to make it logical and usable, by means of data modeling , including database normalization techniques. Data Resource Management According to the Data Management Association DAMA , data resource management is the development and execution of architectures, policies, practices and procedures that properly manage the full data lifecycle needs of an enterprise ... May 18, 2010 title DAMA About Us ref Data Resource management may be thought of as a managerial activity that applies information system and other data management tools to the task of managing an organization s data resource to meet a company s business needs, and the information they provide to their shareholders ... accessdate December 2, 2009 title Teaming Up to Manage Data The Data Resource Management Organization ... view special features 5440 accessdate December 2, 2009 title A New Direction for Data Resource Management first Michael last Brackett publisher The Data Administration Newsletter ref From the perspective of database design, it refers to the development and maintenance of data models to facilitate data sharing between different systems, particularly in a corporation corporate context. Data Resource Management is also concerned with both data quality and compatibility between data models ... types of data on their business activity. With each data created, when a business transaction is made ... more details
or transparent encryption. Hardware based Mechanisms for Protecting Data Software based security solutions encrypt the data to prevent data from being stolen. However, a malicious program or a hacker may corrupt the data in order to make it unrecoverable or unusable. Similarly, encrypted operating systems can be corrupted by a malicious program or a hacker, making the system unusable. Hardware based security solutions can prevent read and write access to data and hence offers very strong protection against tampering and unauthorized access. Hardware based or assisted computer security offers an alternative ... in hardware based security solves this problem offering fool proof security for data. Working of Hardware based security A hardware device allows a user to login, logout and to set different ... user or a malicious program is interrupted based on the current state of a user by harddisk and DVD controllers making illegal access to data impossible. Hardware based access control is more secure ... vendors, etc. Data Erasure Data erasure is a method of software based overwriting that completely ...Refimprove date February 2012 Data Security means protecting a database from destructive forces and the unwanted actions of unauthorised users. ref Summers, G. 2004 . Data and databases. In Koehne, H Developing Databases with Access Nelson Australia Pty Limited. p4 5. ref Data Security Technologies Disk Encryption Disk encryption refers to encryption technology that encrypts data on a hard disk drive ... attacks by viruses and hackers. The data on harddisks can be corrupted after a malicious access is obtained. With hardware based protection, software cannot manipulate the user privilege levels, it is impossible for a hacker or a malicious program to gain access to secure data protected by hardware ... using a combination of hardware based security and secure system administration policies. Backups Backups are used to ensure data which is lost can be recovered. Data Masking Data Masking of structured ... more details
Data extraction is the act or process of retrieving data out of usually unstructured data unstructured or poorly structured data source s for further data processing or data storage device data storage data migration . The data import import into the intermediate extracting system is thus usually followed by data transformation and possibly the addition of metadata prior to data export export to another stage in the data workflow . ref http www.extractingdata.com Definition of data extraction. ref Usually, the term data extraction is applied when experiment al data is first imported into a computer from primary sources, like measuring device measuring or recording device s. Today s electronic device s will usually present a electrical connector e.g. USB through which raw data can be data stream streamed into a personal computer . Typical unstructured data sources include web pages, emails, documents, PDFs, scanned text, mainframe reports, spool files etc. Extracting data from these unstructured sources has grown into a considerable technical challenge where as historically data extraction has had to deal with changes in physical hardware formats, the majority of current data extraction deals with extracting data from these unstructured data sources, and from different software formats. This growing process of data extraction from the web is referred to as Web scraping . The act of adding structure to unstructured data takes a number of forms Using text pattern matching such as regular expression s to identify small or large scale structure e.g. records in a report and their associated data from headers and footers Using a table based approach to identify common sections within a limited domain e.g. in emailed resumes, identifying skills, previous work experience, qualifications ... extraction.html Data Extraction as a part of the ETL process in a Data Warehousing environment Data warehouse DEFAULTSORT Data Extraction Category Data management Category Data warehousing ... more details
MD Data stands for MiniDisc Data, and is a magneto optical medium for storing computer data. Sony wanted MD Data to replace floppy disk s, but the Zip drive from Iomega ended up filling that market need and, later on, the advent of affordable CD writers and very cheap blank CD media, coupled with the availability of memory sticks and cards proved the final straw for MD Data. The technology provided 140 MB of data storage, but it was slow and expensive. Also, data drives can only read or write audio MDs when set in play mode, which, however, does not provide computer access to the data. MD Data appeared in products such as an MD still camera and an MD document scanner. MD Data was also used in the late 1990s in 4 and 8 track Multitrack recording multitrack recording decks. Meant as a step up from the popular 4 track cassette based studios, these recorders enjoyed a brief prominence before they were replaced by relatively affordable and far more flexible direct to hard drive recording on Microsoft Windows Windows and Apple Macintosh Macintosh based computers. The format has always been hampered by the lack of an affordable MD Data drive with which to manipulate and back up data using a PC. The introduction of Hi MD in 2004 allowed any type of data files, music, etc. to be stored on a Hi MD formatted MiniDisc. This allows for storage capacity of around 340MB on a standard MiniDisc and approx. 1GB on a new, higher density Hi MD. External links http www.minidisc.org md data table.html MiniDisc Data Product table Category Optical computer storage fr MD Data zh MD Data ... more details
DTI Data is a data recovery company with cleanrooms located in New York and Florida. In addition to recovering hard drives ref name CRN http www.crn.com reviews channel programs 22104095 dti data stellar excel in data recovery.htm?itc refresh DTI Data, Stellar Excel in data recovery , CRN . July 9, 2004. ref and RAID arrays, they also have a number of free ref name PCWorld http www.pcworld.com downloads file fid,69967 description.html DTIData NTFS Partition Recovery , PC World . March 17, 2008. ref and paid recovery software. They also have quite a bit of useful information in some of their blog posts. See also List of data recovery software References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist External links http www.dtidata.com DTI Data Hard Drive Recovery Company website http www.dtidata.com resourcecenter DTI Data Resource Center Company Blog Categories Category Articles created via the Article Wizard Category Data recovery Category Companies based in Manhattan Category Companies based in St. Petersburg, Florida ... more details
Dictionary Library for PHP ref Another PHP baseddata dictionary, part of the RADICORE toolkit, automatically ...Distinguish Dictionary data structure A data dictionary , or metadata Software repository repository , as defined in the IBM Dictionary of Computing , is a centralized repository of information about data such as meaning, relationships to other data, origin, usage, and format. ref ACM, http portal.acm.org ... that extends or supplants the native data dictionary of a DBMS Documentation The term Data Dictionary and Data Repository are used to indicate a more general software utility than a catalogue. A Catalogue ... enforcer. On the other hand, a Data Dictionary is a data structure that stores meta data, i.e., data about data. The Software package for a stand alone Data Dictionary or Data Repository may ... as well as other information relevant to system administration. If a data dictionary system is used ... Data Dictionary otherwise, it is called an Active Data Dictionary or Data Dictionary . An Active Data Dictionary is automatically updated as changes occur in the database. A Passive Data Dictionary must be manually updated. The data Dictionary consists of record types tables created in the database ... and Application software application developers can benefit from an authoritative data dictionary document ..., SearchSOA , http searchsoa.techtarget.com sDefinition 0,,sid26 gci211896,00.html What is a data ... and Column database fields in each database, plus additional details, like the Data type type and length of each data element . There is no universal standard as to the level of detail in such a document, but it is primarily a weak kind of data. Middleware In the construction of database applications, it can be useful to introduce an additional layer of data dictionary software, i.e. middleware , which communicates with the underlying DBMS data dictionary. Such a high level data dictionary may ... low level data dictionary, whose primary purpose is to support the basic functions of the DBMS, not the requirements ... more details
. Basic principles Data structures are generally based on the ability of a computer to fetch and store ... array data structures are based on computing the addresses of data items with arithmetic operations while the linked data structure s are based on storing addresses of data items within the structure ...Image Hash table 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 SP.svg thumb 315px right a hash table In computer science , a data structure is a particular way of storing and organizing data computing data in a computer so that it can be used algorithmic efficiency efficiently . ref Paul E. Black ed. , entry for data structure in Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures . U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology . 15 ... May 21, 2009. ref ref Entry data structure in the Encyclop dia Britannica 2009 http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 152190 data structure Online entry accessed on May 21, 2009. ref Different kinds of data structures are suited to different kinds of applications, and some are highly specialized ..., while compiler implementations usually use hash table s to look up identifiers. Data structures are used in almost every program or software system. Data structures provide a means to manage huge amounts of data efficiently, such as large database s and web indexing internet indexing service s. Usually, efficient data structures are a key to designing efficient algorithms . Some formal design methods and programming language s emphasize data structures, rather than algorithms, as the key organizing factor in software design. Overview An array data structure stores a number of elements of the same ... computer science Record also called tuple or struct Records are among the simplest data structures ... an additional field indicating its current type, for enhanced type safety. A set abstract data type set is an abstract data structure that can store specific values, without any particular sequence ... of data fields, like a record, and also a number of program code fragments for accessing or modifying ... more details
Data transformation inline date June 2010 Data mapping is the process of creating data element Map mathematics mapping s between two distinct data model s. Data mapping is used as a first step for a wide variety of data integration tasks including Data transformation or data mediation between a data source and a destination Identification of data relationships as part of data lineage analysis Discovery of hidden sensitive data such as the last four digits social security number hidden in another user id as part of a data masking or de identification project Data consolidation Consolidation of multiple databases into a single data base and identifying redundant columns of data for consolidation ... with other companies might use data mapping to create data maps from a company s data to standardized ... Electronic Data Interchange EDI standards designed to allow a company law company to exchange data with any other company, regardless of industry. The standards are maintained by the Accredited ..., tools based on semantic web languages such as Resource Description Framework RDF , the Web Ontology Language OWL and standardized metadata registry will make data mapping a more automatic process. This process ... data mapping is a very difficult problem see Semantic translation . Hand coded, graphical manual Data ... tools that allow a user to draw lines from fields in one set of data to fields in another. Some graphical data mapping tools allow users to Auto connect a source and a destination. This feature is dependent on the source and destination data element name being the same. Transformation programs ..., Load Tools as the primary means of entering data maps to support data movement. Data driven mapping This is the newest approach in data mapping and involves simultaneously evaluating actual data values in two data sources using heuristics and statistics to automatically discover complex mappings between two data sets. This approach is used to find transformations between two data sets and will discover ... more details
data includes determining best delivery vehicle to promote new databased products or ideas to existing ...Data monetization , a form of monetization , involves maximizing the revenue potential from available data by institutionalizing the capture, storage, analysis, effective dissemination, and application of that data. Said differently, it is the process by which corporations , large and small, leverage data to increase Profit economics profit and efficiency , improve customer experience and build customer loyalty . The practice, although common since 2000, is now getting increasing focus as regulatory ... are a relatively good example of an industry focused on replacing lost revenue by leveraging data. Credit card issuers and retail banks are using customer transaction data to improve targeting of cross sell offers. Partners are increasingly promoting merchant based reward programs which leverage a bank s data and provide discounts to customers at the same time. Steps Identification of available data sources this includes data currently available for monetization as well as other external data ... to the data many global corporations have inefficient data storage infrastructures, which stymies centralized, efficient access to required data Business intelligence and analytics drawing predictive insights from existing data becomes the basis for using data for profit with enhancing product extensions ... at the store level versus the city level or seasonality based supply chain and procurement decisions . Examples Packaging of data with analytics to be resold to customers for things such as wallet share, market share and benchmarking Integration of data with analytics into new products as a value ... based offers and location discounts, such as those offered by Facebook ref http www.guardian.co.uk technology ... 10 groupon now launches ref are other prime examples of data monetization leveraging new emerging channels ... Reflist Categories Category Articles created via the Article Wizard Category Data management ... more details
Test Data is data which has been specifically identified for use in tests, typically of a computer program. Some data may be used in a confirmatory way, typically to verify that a given set of input to a given function produces some expected result. Other data may be used in order to challenge the ability of the program to respond to unusual, extreme, exceptional, or unexpected input. Test data may be produced in a focused or systematic way as is typically the case in domain testing , or by using other, less focused approaches as is typically the case in high volume randomized automated tests . Test data may be produced by the tester, or by a program or function that aids the tester. Test data may be recorded for re use, or used once and then forgotten. Domain testing is a family of test techniques that focus on the test data. This might include identifying common or critical inputs, representatives of a particular equivalence class model, values that might appear at the boundaries between one equivalence class and another, outrageous values that should be rejected by the program, combinations of inputs, or inputs that might drive the product towards a particular set of outputs. Test Data Generation Software Testing is an important part of the Software Development Life Cycle today. It is a labor intensive and also accounts for nearly half of the cost of the system development. Hence ... quality test data and is seen as an important step in reducing the cost of Software Testing. Hence, Test Data Generation is an important part of software testing. See also Portal Software Testing Software testing Test Data Generation Unit test Test plan Test suite Scenario test Session based test References No footnotes date August 2009 http portal.acm.org citation.cfm?id 62963 The evaluation of program based software test data adequacy criteria , E. J. Weyuker, Communications of the ACM abstract and references DEFAULTSORT Test Data Category Software testing soft eng stub ... more details
Data Fusion Scatter plot.png thumb fusion of the data from 2 sources dimension 1 & 2 can yield Binary classification classifier superior to any classifiers based on dimension 1 or dimension 2. Data ...Data fusion , is generally defined as the use of techniques that combine data from multiple sources and gather ... stage at which fusion takes place. ref name Klein cite book title Sensor and data fusion A tool for information ... books?id 782bo4u ogC isbn 0 8194 5435 4 year 2004 publisher SPIE Press ref Low level data fusion combines several sources of raw data to produce new raw data. The expectation is that fused data is more informative and Synthetic data synthetic than the original inputs. For example, sensor fusion is also known as multi sensor data fusion and is a subset of information fusion . Geospatial applications In the geospatial GIS domain, data fusion is often synonymous with data integration . In these applications, there is often a need to combine diverse data sets into a unified fused data set which includes all of the data points and time steps from the input data sets. The fused data set is different from a simple combined superset in that the points in the fused data set contain attributes and metadata which might not have been included for these points in the original data set. A simplified example of this process is shown below where data set is fused with data set to form the fused data set . Data points in set have spatial coordinates X and Y and attributes A1 and A2. Data points in set have spatial coordinates X and Y and attributes B1 and B2. The fused data set contains all points and attributes Input Data Set class wikitable border 1 Point X Y A1 A2 1 10 10 M N 2 10 30 M N 3 30 10 M N 4 30 30 M N Input Data Set class wikitable border 1 Point X Y B1 B2 1 20 20 Q R 2 20 40 Q R 3 40 20 Q R 4 40 40 Q R Fused Data Set class wikitable border 1 Point X Y ... attributes to the data points in the fused set. File lobster movement3.jpg 450px right Visualization ... more details
Data conditioning is the use of data management and optimization techniques which result in the intelligent routing, optimization and protection of data for storage or data movement in a computer system. Data conditioning features enable enterprise and cloud data center s to dramatically improve system ... cost s. Data conditioning technologies delivered through a Data Conditioning Platform optimize data as it moves through a computer s I O Input Output path or I O bus the data path between the main processor complex and storage subsystems. The functions of a Data Conditioning Platform typically reside ... integration of new features in a server or a whole data center. Data conditioning features delivered via a Data Conditioning Platform are designed to simplify system integration, and minimize implementation ... off the shelf COTS standards. By delivering optimization features via a Data Conditioning Platform, data center managers can improve system efficiency and reduce cost with minimal disruption and avoid ... systems. Summary Data conditioning builds on existing data storage functionality delivered in the I O path including RAID Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks , intelligent I O based http www.adaptec.com ... State Drive performance caching techniques. Data conditioning is enabled both by advanced ASIC ontroller technology and intelligent software. New data conditioning capabilities can be designed into and delivered via storage controllers in the I O path or to achieve the data center s technical and business goals. Data Conditioning strategies can also be applied to improving server and storage utilization ... Data conditioning principles can be applied to any demanding computing environment to create significant cost, performance and system utilization efficiencies, and are typically deployed by data ... hits traditionally associated with incorporating new data center technologies. References http www.adaptec maxIQ Adaptec MaxIQ Category Data management ... more details
Environmental data is that which is based on the measurement of environmental pressures, the state of the environment and the impacts on ecosystems. This is usually the P , S and I of the DPSIR model where D Drivers, P Pressures, S State, I Impact, R Response. Environmental data is typically generated by institutions executing environmental law or doing environmental research. Environment statistics are usually generated by statistical offices and are considered as environmental data, too. Socioeconomics Socio economic data and other Statistics statistical data often the D and the R of the DPSIR model are not considered as environmental data. However, they are to be integrated into comprehensive environmental assessments. Usually this kind of data is hold by other institutions than the environmental administration e.g. National Statistical Offices . The same is true for geo basisdata, which are not considered as environmental data, but have to be available for environmental policies and environmental information. All data generated by the execution of environmental law are to be considered as environmental data. See also Semantic Sensor Web References http www.eea.europa.eu documents brochure brochure reason.html DPSIR Model of the European Environment Agency EEA http www.epa.gov enviro index java.html EPA Envirofacts Category Environmental terminology ... more details
of data. Software can also auto correct the variations based on pre defined business rules. Batch ...Data are of high quality if they are fit for their intended uses in Business operations operations , decision ..., the data are deemed of high quality if they correctly represent the real world construct to which they refer. Furthermore, apart from these definitions, as data volume increases, the question of data consistency internal consistency within data becomes paramount, regardless of fitness for use .... The first views can often be in disagreement, even about the same set of data used for the same purpose. This article discusses the concept as it related to business data processing, although of course other data have various quality issues as well. Definitions 1. Data exhibited by the data ..., timeliness and accuracy that makes data appropriate for a specific use. http www.cio.gov.bc.ca ... of data that bears on their ability to satisfy a given purpose the sum of the degrees of excellence for factors related to data. http www.hanford.gov dqo glossaries Glossary of Quality Assurance ... of data quality terms published by http iaidq.org IAIDQ 5. Data quality The processes and technologies involved in ensuring the conformance of data values to business requirements and acceptance criteria 6. Complete, standards based, consistent, accurate and time stamped http www.gs1.org gdsn dqf GS1 ... were used to maintain name and address data so that the mail could be properly routed to its destination ... and address data, as well as to track customers who had moved, died, gone to prison, married, divorced, or experienced other life changing events. Government agencies began to make postal data available to a few service companies to cross reference customer data with the National Change of Address ... compared to manually correcting customer data. Large companies saved on postage, as bills and direct ... as a service, data quality moved inside the walls of corporations, as low cost and powerful server technology ... more details
,sales etc. as shown in fig . The data may pass through an operational data store for additional operations before they are used in the DW for reporting. The typical ETL baseddata warehouse uses staging ..., which when built, still requires the use of a data mart or star schema based release area for business ... denormalised via a star schema dimension based model . Also, to speed data retrieval, data warehouse ...Refimprove date February 2008 Image Data warehouse overview.JPG thumb 200px Data Warehouse Overview In computing , a data warehouse DW is a database used for reporting and analysis. The data stored in the warehouse ... stores raw data extracted from each of the disparate source data systems. The integration layer integrates the disparate data sets by transforming the data from the staging layer often storing this transformed data in an operational data store ODS database. The integrated data is then moved to yet another database, often called the data warehouse database, where the data is arranged into hierarchal ... is sometimes called a star schema . The access layer helps users retrieve data. ref name ..., Preeti S. Srikantha Rao Suryakant B. Patil title Optimization of Data Warehousing System Simplification ... volume 9 issue 6 pages 33 37 publisher Foundation of Computer Science ref A data warehouse constructed from integrated data source systems does not require ETL , staging databases, or operational data store databases. The integrated data source systems may be considered to be a part of a distributed operational data store layer. Data federation methods or data virtualization methods may be used to access the distributed integrated source data systems to consolidate and aggregate data directly into the data warehouse database tables. Unlike the ETL baseddata warehouse, the integrated source data systems and the data warehouse are all integrated since there is no transformation of dimensional or reference data. This integrated data warehouse architecture supports the drill down from the aggregate ... more details
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