The Dictionary of Algorithms and DataStructures is a dictionary style reference for many of the algorithm s, algorithmic techniques, archetypal problems and data structure s found in the field of computer science . ref name dads http www.nist.gov dads Dictionary of Algorithms and DataStructures Bot generated title ref The dictionary is maintained by Paul E. Black, ref name dads and is hosted by the Software and Systems Division, Information Technology Laboratory, a part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology . ref name dads It was created in September 1998. ref name dads References reflist External links http www.nist.gov dads Dictionary of Algorithms and DataStructures Category Algorithms and datastructures Category Computer science websites Category Government owned websites Category Online dictionaries ru ... more details
italictitle Algorithms DataStructures Programs ref cite book publisher Prentice Hall date 1976 title Algorithms DataStructures Programs last Wirth first Niklaus language English id 0130224189 isbn 978 0 13 022418 7 url http portal.acm.org citation.cfm?id 540029 ref is a 1976 book written by Niklaus Wirth covering some of the fundamental topics of computer programming , particularly that algorithm s and data structure s are inherently related. For example, if one has a sorted list one will use a search algorithm optimal for sorted lists. The book was one of the most influential computer science books of the time and, like Wirth s other work, extensively used in education Fact date March 2009 . The Turbo Pascal compiler written by Anders Hejlsberg was largely inspired by the Tiny Pascal compiler in Niklaus Wirth s book. Chapter outline Chapter 1 Fundamental DataStructures Chapter 2 Sorting algorithm Sorting Chapter 3 Recursion Recursive Algorithms Chapter 4 Dynamic Information Structures Chapter 5 Language Structures and Compilers Appendix A the ASCII character set Appendix B Pascal programming language Pascal syntax diagrams References reflist External links http www.inf.ethz.ch personal wirth books AlgorithmE0 ETH Zurich N. Wirth Books Compilerbau Algorithms DataStructures Programs Category Computer programming books Category History of computing book stub cs Algoritmy datov struktury programy ... more details
saved book title Fundamental DataStructures subtitle cover image Cartesian tree.svg cover color 76b3df Fundamental DataStructures Introduction Abstract data type Data structure Analysis of algorithms Amortized analysis Accounting method Potential method Sequences Array data type Array data structure Dynamic array Linked list Doubly linked list Stack abstract data type Queue abstract data type Double ended queue Circular buffer Dictionaries Associative array Association list Hash table Linear probing Quadratic probing Double hashing Cuckoo hashing Hopscotch hashing Hash function Perfect hash function Universal hashing K independent hashing Tabulation hashing Cryptographic hash function Sets Set abstract data type Bit array Bloom filter MinHash Disjoint set data structure Partition refinement Priority queues Priority queue Heap data structure Binary heap D ary heap d ary heap Binomial heap Fibonacci heap Pairing heap Double ended priority queue Soft heap Successors and neighbors Binary search algorithm Binary search tree Random binary tree Tree rotation Self balancing binary search tree Treap AVL tree Red black tree Scapegoat tree Splay tree Tango tree Skip list B tree B tree Integer and string searching Trie Radix tree Directed acyclic word graph Suffix tree Suffix array van Emde Boas tree Fusion tree Category Wikipedia books community books Category Wikipedia books on computer science Fundamental datastructures ... more details
saved book title subtitle cover image cover color DataStructures and Methods Introduction Data structure Basics Strutcures Array data structure Linked list FIFO Queue abstract data type Priority queue LIFO computing Stack abstract data type Graph mathematics Directed acyclic graph Tree graph theory Heap data structure Binary heap Binomial heap Sorting Algorithms Insertion sort Selection sort Merge sort Quicksort Heapsort Topological sorting Graphs Complete graph Adjacency list Depth first search Breadth first search Dense graph Eulerian path Hamiltonian path Trees Binary tree Binary search tree Spanning tree Minimum spanning tree Tree rotation Self balancing binary search tree AVL tree B tree B tree Red black tree Splay tree ... more details
can be helpful in the cases of damage control and retroactive datastructures are designed for intentional .... Comparison to persistence At first glance the notion of a retroactive datastructures seems very similar to persistent datastructures since they both take into account the dimension of time. The key difference between persistent datastructures and retroactive datastructures is how they handle the element of time. A persistent data structure maintains several versions of a data structure and operations ... each version also does not change. In retroactive datastructures we allow changes to be made directly ... running times The running time of retroactive datastructures are based on the number of operations ... to datastructures is whether or not there is a general technique which can convert any data structure ... John Iacono and Stefan Langerman title Retroactive datastructures journal ACM Transactions on Algorithms ...one source date April 2012 In computer science a retroactive data structure is data structure which supports ... that was performed at some time in the past. ref name retroDS Some applications of retroactive datastructures In the real world there are many cases where one would like to modify a past operation from ... input of data. The data should be corrected and all the secondary effects of the incorrect data be removed. Bad data When dealing with large systems, particular those that involve lots of automated ... and starts to report garbage data or incorrect data. The ideal solution would be to remove all the data that the sensor produced since it malfunctioned along with all the effects the bad data had on the overall system. Recovery Suppose that a hardware sensor was damaged but is now repaired and data is able to be read from the sensor. We would like to be able to insert the data back into the system ... of space. The data structure we will use to add the spatial time dimension is a min heap. Let the y ... effect which affects the entire data structure. Thus we can see that while time can be drawn ... more details
This is a list of data structure s. For a wider list of terms, see list of terms relating to algorithms and datastructures . For a comparison of running time of subset of this list see comparison of datastructures . Data types Primitive type s Boolean data type Boolean for boolean values True False Character computer science Char for character values IEEE 754 Float for storing real number values ... ary heap Tries In these datastructures each tree node compares a bit slice of key values. Trie Radix ... tree SPQR tree Spaghetti stack Disjoint set data structure Fusion tree Enfilade Xanadu Enfilade Exponential tree Fenwick tree Van Emde Boas tree Space partitioning trees These are datastructures used ... connected edge list Quad edge Routing table Symbol table Category Datastructures ko hi ... , variant record, discriminated union, or disjoint union Plain old data structure Abstract data types Container data structure Container Associative array Map Associative array Dictionary Multimap List abstract data type List Set computer science Set Set computer science Multiset Multiset Priority queue Queue data structure Queue Deque Stack data structure Stack String computer science String Tree computer science Tree Graph data structure Graph Hash Table Hash Some properties of abstract data ... order is retained. Other structures such as linked list and stack cannot easily be defined this way because there are specific operations associated with them. Linear datastructures Arrays Array data structure Array Bidirectional map Bit array Bit field Bitboard Bitmap Circular buffer Control table ... VList Xor linked list Zipper data structure Zipper Doubly connected edge list Trees Binary trees AA tree AVL tree Binary search tree Binary tree Cartesian tree Pagoda data structure Pagoda Randomized ... Object Index Bx tree Heaps Heap data structure Heap Binary heap Binomial heap Fibonacci heap AF ... Graph data structure Graph Adjacency list Adjacency matrix Graph structured stack Scene graph Binary ... more details
saved book title Datastructures subtitle cover image Btree.svg cover color Datastructures Introduction Data structure Linked data structure Succinct data structure Implicit data structure Compressed data structure Search data structure Persistent data structure Concurrent data structure Abstract data types Abstract data type List computing List Stack data structure Stack Queue data structure Queue Double ended queue Deque Priority queue Associative array Map Bidirectional map Multimap Set computer science Set Tree data structure Tree Arrays Array data structure Row major order Dope vector Iliffe vector Dynamic array Hashed array tree Gap buffer Circular buffer Sparse array Bit array Bitboard Parallel array Lookup table Lists Linked list XOR linked list Unrolled linked list VList Skip list Self organizing list Binary trees Binary tree Binary search tree Self balancing binary search tree Tree rotation Weight balanced tree Threaded binary tree AVL tree Red black tree AA tree Scapegoat tree Splay tree T tree Rope computer science Rope Top Tree Top Trees Tango Trees Van Emde Boas tree Cartesian tree Treap B trees B tree B tree Dancing tree 2 3 tree 2 3 4 tree Queaps Fusion tree Bx tree Heaps Heap data structure Heap Binary heap Binomial heap Fibonacci heap 2 3 heap Pairing heap Beap Leftist tree Skew heap Soft heap D ary heap Tries Trie Radix tree Suffix tree Suffix array Compressed suffix array FM index Generalised suffix tree B trie Judy array Directed acyclic word graph Multiway trees Ternary search tree And or tree a,b tree a,b tree Link cut tree SPQR tree Spaghetti stack Disjoint set data structure Space partitioning trees Space partitioning Binary space partitioning Segment tree Interval tree Range tree Bin computational geometry Bin Kd tree Implicit kd tree Min max kd ... Standard Template Library Category Wikipedia books on computer science Datastructures ... Graph data structure Graph Adjacency list Adjacency matrix And inverter graph Binary decision ... more details
Level Set DataStructures Category Computer graphics datastructures Category Image processing ...In computer science a level set data structure is designed to represent discretely Sampling statistics sampled dynamic level sets functions. A common use of this form of data structure is in efficient image Rendering computer graphics rendering . The underlying method constructs a distance transform signed distance field that extends from the boundary, and can be used to solve the motion of the boundary in this field. Chronological developments The powerful level set method is due to Stanley Osher Osher and James Sethian Sethian 1988 ref name Osher Osher, S. & Sethian, J. A. 1988. Fronts propagating with curvature dependent speed Algorithms based on Hamilton Jacobi formulations . Journal of Computation Physics 79 12 49. ref . However, the straightforward implementation via a dense d dimensional array data structure array of values, results in both time and storage complexity of math O n d math , where math n math is the cross sectional resolution of the spatial extents of the domain and math d math is the number of spatial dimensions of the domain. Narrow band The narrow band level set method, introduced in 1995 by Adalsteinsson and Sethian ref name Adalsteinsson Adalsteinsson, D. & Sethian, J. A. 1995. A fast level set method for propagating interfaces. Journal of Computational Physics . 118 2 269 277. ref , restricted most computations to a thin band of active voxel s immediately surrounding the interface, thus reducing the time complexity in three dimensions to math O n 2 math for most operations. Periodic updates of the narrowband structure, to rebuild the list of active ... ref name Whitaker Whitaker, R. T. 1998. A level set approach to 3d reconstruction from range data ... and smoke with an octree data structure. ACM Transactions on Graphics . 23 3 457 462. ref , uses a tree ... Grid An efficient data structure and algorithms for high resolution level sets. Journal of Scientific ... more details
The http www.nist.gov dads NIST Dictionary of Algorithms and DataStructures is a reference work maintained ... relating to algorithms and datastructures . For algorithms and datastructures not necessarily mentioned here, see list of algorithms and list of datastructures . This list of terms was originally ... mean median meld datastructures memoization merge algorithm merge sort meromorphic function metaheuristic ... ZPP complexity ZPP DEFAULTSORT Algorithms Category Lists of computer terms Algorithms and datastructures ... Algorithms and datastructures Category Algorithms and datastructures ru , ... side yes top yes num yes A absolute performance guarantee abstract data type ADT a,b tree accepting state Ackermann s function active data structure acyclic directed graph adaptive heap sort ... approximation algorithm arborescence graph theory arborescence arithmetic coding Array data structure ... data structure Logical conjunction conjunction connected component graph theory connected components ... sort cyclic redundancy check CRC D D adjacent DAG shortest paths Damerau Levenshtein distance data ... method Data domain don t care Doomsday rule double direction bubble sort double ended priority queue ... dyadic tree dynamic array dynamic data structure dynamic hashing dynamic programming dynamization transformation ... memory data structure external merge external merge sort external node external quicksort external ... fully dynamic graph problem fully persistent data structure fully polynomial approximation scheme function programming function mathematics functional data structure G Galil Giancarlo Galil Seiferas gamma function GBD tree geometric optimization problem global optimum gnome sort goobi Graph data structure ... heap data structure heap heapify heap property heapsort heaviest common subsequence height height balanced ... graph problem partially ordered set partially persistent data structure partial order partial recursive function partition set theory passive data structure patience sorting path graph theory path ... more details
two other uses data in computer science Data computing pp move indef Editors please keep the count mass discussion and etymology in the body, not the intro. Data IPAc en icon d e t respell DAY t , IPAc en d t respell DA t , or IPAc en d t respell DAH t are values of Qualitative data qualitative or Quantitative data quantitative variable and attribute research variable s, belonging to a set of items. Data in computing or data processing are often represented by a combination of items organized in rows and multivariate analysis multiple variables organized in columns. Data are typically the results of measurements and can be data visualisation visualised using graph data structure graph s or image s. Data as an abstract concept can be viewed as the lowest level of abstraction from which information and then knowledge are derived. Raw data , i.e., unprocessed data, refers to a collection of number s, character computing characters and is a relative term data processing commonly occurs by stages, and the processed data from one stage may be considered the raw data of the next. Field work Field data refers to raw data collected in an uncontrolled in situ environment. Experimental data refers to data generated within the context of a scientific investigation by observation and recording. The word data is the plural of datum , Grammatical gender neuter past participle ... , engineering , and so on, the terms givens and data are used interchangeably. Such usage is the origin of data as a concept in computer science or data processing data are numbers, words, images ... datum from which distances to all other data are measured. Any measurement or result is a datum , but data point is more usual, ref cite web author Matt Dye year 2001 title Writing Reports url http ... and the originally Latin plural data are used as the plural of datum in English, but data is commonly ... in day to day usage. For example, This is all the data from the experiment . This usage is inconsistent ... more details
otheruses Data disambiguation Debt, AIDS, Trade, Africa or DATA was a multinational Non governmental organization non government organization founded in January 2002 in London by U2 s Bono along with Robert Sargent Shriver III Bobby Shriver and activist s from the Jubilee 2000 Drop the Debt campaign. DATA was created for the purposes of obtaining social equality equality and justice for Africa through debt relief adjusting trade rules which burden Africa eliminating the AIDS in Africa African AIDS epidemic strengthening democracy furthering accountability by the wealthiest nations and African leaders and Transparency humanities transparency towards the people. In 2007, DATA and Bono were jointly awarded the National Constitution Center s 2007 Liberty Medal for their groundbreaking efforts to address the AIDS crisis and extreme poverty in Africa. Start up funds came from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , financier George Soros , and technology entrepreneur Edward W. Scott . ref cite news url http www.time.com time printout 0,8816,1142270,00.html title The Constant Charmer author Josh Tyrangiel date 2005 12 19 work Time Magazine ref In 2007, DATA and the ONE Campaign decided to join forces, and in January 2008, they formally merged under the name ONE. ref cite news url http www.reuters.com article idUSN2953856520071029 title Bono s U.S. based anti poverty groups to merge author Lesley Wroughton date 2007 10 29 work Reuters ref DATA received support from the Christian rock Alternative rock bands Switchfoot and Third Day . References references External links http www.one.org ONE official site Category International nongovernmental organizations Category HIV AIDS in Africa Category Organizations founded by Bono int org stub de Debt, AIDS, Trade in Africa it DATA sv DATA f rening vi DATA ... more details
In chemistry and crystallography, structures of identical atoms that are characterized by the same set of interatomic distances are defined as homometric structures . ref cite journal last Patterson first A.L. title Homometric Structures journal Nature year 1949 volume 143 pages 939 940 doi 10.1038 143939b0 url http www.nature.com nature journal v143 n3631 abs 143939b0.html issue 3631 ref Homometric crystal structures produce identical diffraction patterns therefore, they cannot be distinguished by a diffraction experiment. gallery Image homometric1.png Example of two homometric structures top formed by the convolution between two non centrosymmetric structures bottom with different orientations. gallery See also Patterson function Arthur Lindo Patterson Notes references Category Stereochemistry chem stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Stone structures , or megalith s , have been erected by mankind for thousands of years. Many of these structures were built around the same time, the 3rd millennium BC . Some of the better known ones Easter Island Egyptian Pyramids Medicine wheel s Stone circle Stone circle Iron Age Stonehenge Stone ship See also Petroforms Rock Art Inukshuk DEFAULTSORT Stone Structures Category Megalithic monuments Architecture stub ... more details
Personal Structures is an international contemporary art platform, which generates the possibility for artists and art historians to discuss philosophical concepts in art . Personal Structures was initiated in 2003 by the artist Rene Rietmeyer . At first, the platform took shape in the form of exhibitions. Later on, in 2005, symposia were added as means for expressing thought. The first Personal Structures symposium was held at the Ludwig Museum in Germany . Personal Structures developed in the years after. In 2007 and 2008 a symposium series was organised about the concepts time , space and existence . Artists who have been involved in Personal Structures are, amongst others, Joseph Kosuth , Wolfgang Laib , Roman Opa ka , and Lawrence Weiner . Literature Peter Lodermeyer, Karlyn De Jongh & Sarah Gold, Personal Structures Time Space Existence , DuMont, Germany 2009 Peter Lodermeyer, Personal Structures Works and dialogs , GlobalArtAffairs Publishing, New York, 2003 Peter Lodermeyer ed. , Personal Structures Symposium Ludwig Museum , GlobalArtAffairs Publishing, New York, 2006 References reflist http www.sculpture.org documents scmag06 julaug 06 Girardoni girardoni.shtml Article about Personal Structures in Sculpture Magazine USA http www.balkon.hu balkon05 05 06ivanyi.html Personal Structures in Art Magazine Balkon Hungary http www.globalartaffairs.com index.aspx?menuitem 177 Personal Structures in Junge Kunst Magazine Germany http www.denieuwe.nl pdf DeNieuwenr15.pdf Art Magazine De Nieuwe The Netherlands http www.cornerhouse.org books info.aspx?ID 715&page 0 Cornerhouse Publications United Kingdom http www.ludwigmuseum.org engl exhibitions retro 05 personal structures 05.htm Ludwig Museum Germany http www.globalartaffairs.org GlobalArtAffairs Foundation External links reflist http www.personalstructures.org personalstructures.org http www.rietmeyer.com rietmeyer.com ... art nl Personal Structures ... more details
Parallel structures may refer to 38th parallel structures , a series of carboniferous craters of the United States, approximately lying on the 38th parallel north Parallel structure , a balance of two or more similar words, phrases, or clauses Parallelism grammar , a way to organize parts of a sentence. disambig ... more details
The calculus of structures is a proof calculus with deep inference for studying the structural proof theory of noncommutative logic . The calculus has since been applied to study linear logic , classical logic , modal logic , and process calculi , and many benefits are claimed to follow in these investigations from the way in which deep inference is made available in the calculus. References Alessio Guglielmi 2004 ., A System of Interaction and Structure . ACM Transactions on Computational Logic. Kai Br nnler 2004 . Deep Inference and Symmetry in Classical Proofs . Logos Verlag. External links http alessio.guglielmi.name res cos Calculus of structures homepage http www.informatik.uni leipzig.de ozan maude cos.html CoS in Maude page documenting implementations of logical system s in the calculus of structures, using the Maude system . Category Logical calculi logic stub ... more details
Merge The Wolffian System Mesonephric duct Wolffian tubules Mesonephros discuss Talk Mesonephros Merger proposal date July 2011 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In anatomy, Wolffian structures are male urogenital structures that include the epididymis , vas deferens , and seminal vesicle s. They are often referred to in cases of androgen insensitivity syndrome . See also Wolffian duct , anlage for certain male reproductive organs. Wolffian tubules , precursors of the mesonephros. Male reproductive system DEFAULTSORT Wolffian Structures Category Exocrine system Category Male reproductive system Genitourinary stub ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Unit Structures Type Studio album Artist Cecil Taylor Cover Cecil Taylor Unit Structures album cover .jpg Released 1966 Recorded May 19, 1966 Genre Free jazz Length 56 27 Label Blue Note Producer Alfred Lion Last album Nefertiti the Beautiful One Has Come br 1962 This album Unit Structures br 1966 Next album Conquistador br 1966 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score rating 5 5 ref http www.allmusic.com album r148643 Allmusic Review ref Automatically generated by DASHBot Unit Structures is a 1966 album by Cecil Taylor released on the Blue Note Records Blue Note label. The Allmusic Review by Scott Yanow states Taylor s high energy atonalism fit in well with the free jazz of the period but he was actually leading the way rather than being part of a movement... In fact, it could be safely argued that no jazz music of the era approached the ferocity and intensity of Cecil Taylor s . ref Yanow, S. Allmusic class album id r148643 pure url yes Allmusic Review accessed 10 July 2009 ref Track listing All compositions written by Cecil Taylor . Steps 10 20 Enter, Evening 11 06 Enter, Evening alternate take 10 11 Unit Structure As of a Now Section 17 47 Tales 8 Whisps 7 14 Recorded at Englewood Cliffs NJ, May 19, 1966 Personnel Eddie Gale Eddie Gale Stevens, Jr. trumpet Jimmy Lyons alto sax Makanda Ken McIntyre Ken McIntyre alto sax, oboe , bass clarinet Cecil Taylor piano , bell instrument bells Henry Grimes double bass bass Alan Silva bass Andrew Cyrille drum kit drums References reflist Category 1966 albums Category Blue Note Records albums Category Cecil Taylor albums Category Albums produced by Alfred Lion 1960s jazz album stub it Unit Structures pl Unit Structures ... more details
Infobox company company name Computers and Structures, Inc. company logo Image Fair use image of CSI circular logo.PNG 200px foundation Berkeley, California , U.S. 1975 br small headquarters small br key people Ashraf Habibullah, Structural Engineer S.E. br small Founder, President, and CEO small br industry Structural Engineering br Earthquake Engineering br Software products SAP2000 br CSiBridge br ETABS br SAFE br PERFORM 3D br CSiCOL homepage http www.csiberkeley.com csiberkeley.com Computers and Structures, Inc. CSI is a structural engineering structural and earthquake engineering earthquake engineering software company founded in 1975 ref cite web url http www.csiberkeley.com title Computers and Structures, Inc. official website author Computers and Structures, Inc. year 2011 work Official website summary publisher Computers and Structures, Inc. accessdate December 4, 2011 ref and based in Berkeley, California . Additional office locations include New York City New York , Houston , Madrid , New Delhi , and the Caribbean . ref Google maps url http maps.google.com maps?q computers and structures inc. office locations&hl en&sll 36.879621,169.453125&sspn 155.459218,316.054688&vpsrc 0&hq computers and structures inc. office&t m&z 2 title Computers and Structures, Inc. office locations accessdate December 5, 2011 ref The structural structural analysis analysis and structural design design software CSI produce include SAP2000, CSiBridge, ETABS, SAFE, PERFORM 3D, and CSiCOL. One of Computer and Structure, Inc. s software, ETABS, was used to create the mathematical model of the Burj Khalifa , currently the world s tallest building, designed by Chicago, Illinois based Skidmore, Owings and Merrill LLP SOM . ref name baker Citation last Baker, S.E. first William F. last2 Pawlikowski, S.E. first2 James J. year 2009 title Design and construction of the world s tallest building .... ref name baker References Reflist External links http www.csiberkeley.com Computers and Structures ... more details
Italic title Infobox Journal title Materials and Structures cover File Materials and Structures Cover.jpg editor Jacques Marchand discipline Materials science Materials Science , Engineering abbreviation publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer Netherlands country Netherlands frequency 10 year history 1968 present openaccess impact 0.753 impact year 2009 website http www.springer.com journal 11527 link1 http www.springerlink.com content 1871 6873 link1 name Online access link2 http www.rilem.net ms.php link2 name Journal page at society website RSS http www.springerlink.com content 1871 6873?sortorder asc&export rss atom JSTOR OCLC LCCN CODEN ISSN 1359 5997 eISSN 1871 6873 Materials and Structures is a Peer review peer reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science Business Media Springer Netherlands on behalf of the International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures RILEM . Scope The journal publishes papers examining the fundamental properties of building materials, their characterization and processing techniques, modeling, standardization of test methods, and the application of research results in building and civil engineering. Materials and Structures also publishes comprehensive reports prepared by RILEM s technical committees. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted indexed in InfoTrac Academic OneFile , Chemical Abstracts Service CAS , Compendex , CSA ProQuest , Current Contents Engineering, Gale , GeoRef , Google Scholar , International Construction Database ICONDA , Journal Citation Reports Science Edition, Materials Science Citation Index , Online Computer Library Center , PASCAL database PASCAL , Science Citation Index Science Citation Index Expanded , Scopus , Summon by Serial Solutions ...?detailsPage editorialBoard title Materials and Structures Editorial Board format work www.springer.com ... Materials, Systems and Structures RILEM DEFAULTSORT Materials And Structures Category English language ... more details
Refimprove date April 2008 Opportunity Structures , in sociology and related social science disciplines, are exogenous factors which limit or empower collective actors social movements . In explaining the evolution of social movements, the structuralism sociology structuralist approach emphasizes the that factors and external to the movements themselves, such as the level and type of state repression, or the group s access to political institutions, shape the development of the movement such factors are called opportunity structures. Doug McAdam summarizes at least four key dynamic components of the political opportunity structure blockquote 1. the relative openness or closure of the institutionalized political system 2. the stability or instability of that broad set of elite alignments that typically undergird a polity 3. the presence or absence of elite allies 4. and the state s capacity and propensity for repression. ref Douglas McAdam, Conceptal origins, current problems, future directions, in Douglas McAdam, John D. McCarthy, Mayer Y. Zald ed. , Comparative perspectives on social movements. Political opportunities, mobilizing structures, and cultural framings Cambridge studies in comparative politics , Cambridge 1999, pp. 23 40, here p. 27 ref blockquote Political opportunity structures can constrain or expand the field of collective action in four ways 1. they expand the group s own opportunities 2. they expand opportunities for others 3. create opportunities for opponents 4. and create opportunities for elites references Douglas McAdam, Conceptal origins, current problems, future directions, in Douglas McAdam, John D. McCarthy, Mayer Y. Zald ed. , Comparative perspectives on social movements. Political opportunities, mobilizing structures, and cultural framings Cambridge studies in comparative politics , Cambridge 1999, pp. 23 40, here p. 27 Category Social movements socio stub ... more details
Structures I 1952 and Structures II 1961 are two related works for two piano s, composed by the France French composer Pierre Boulez . The first book of Structures was begun in early 1951, as Boulez was completing his orchestral work Polyphonie X , and finished in 1952. It consists of three movements, or chapters , labelled Ia , Ib , and Ic , composed in the order a , c , b . The first of the second book s two chapters was composed in 1956, but chapter 2 was not written until 1961. The second chapter includes three sets of variable elements, which are to be arranged to make a performing version H usler 1965, 5 . Image Messiaen Mode de valeurs et d intensites series upper line Boulez Structures Ia.png thumb center 400px Olivier Messiaen s Mode de valeurs et d intensit s highest of three unordered divisions of the mode Grant 2001, 61 Toop 1974, 144 or, less precisely, three series forms caption for pitch, duration, dynamics, and articulation ...treated as unordered collections, Whittall 2008, 172 audio Messiaen Mode de valeurs et d intensites series upper line Boulez Structures Ia.mid Play which Boulez, the pupil intending to teach the master a lesson, adapted as an ordered series for his Structures Ia Whittall 2008, 172 Structures I was the last and most successful of Boulez s works to use the technique of Serialism integral serialism Hopkins and Griffiths 2001 , wherein many parameter s of a piece s construction are governed by serial principles, rather than only pitch. Boulez ... Structures II is, on the other hand, a reconstruction of Structures I its material is reused .... Klangfelder und Formfl chen Kompositorische Grundprinzipien im II. Band der Structures von Pierre Boulez . In liner notes to Pierre Boulez Structures pour deux pianos, premier livre et deuxi me livre ... Faber and Faber. ISBN 0 571 14347 4. Deli ge, C lestin. 1981. Deux aspects de l univers boulezien Structures ... of Structures book 1A by Guitarist Composer Victor Magnani classical composition stub Category ... more details
, near Gunlock, Utah . Sedimentary structures are those structures formed during sediment deposition sediment deposition . Sedimentary structures such as cross bedding , graded bedding and ripple ... of the sediment. Flow structures Image Megaripple.JPG thumb Megaripple dune, formed in the upper flow regime, from Utah. There are two kinds of flow structures bidirectional multiple directions, back ... speeds and velocities produce different structures, are called bedform s. In the lower flow regime ... direction. Three common sedimentary structures that are created by these processes are herringbone ... . B ref ref http jsedres.geoscienceworld.org cgi content abstract 35 4 922 C ref Biological structures ... created sedimentary structures exist, called trace fossil s. Examples include burrow s and various ... Induced Sedimentary Structures . Soft sediment deformation structures Image Soft Sediment ... . Soft sediment deformation structures or SSD, is a consequence of the loading of wet sediment ... sediment due to its own weight. There are three common variants of SSD load structures or load casts ... dense sediment below. pseudonodules or ball and pillow structures , are pinched off load structures these may also be formed by earthquake energy and referred to as seismite s. flame structure ... material that cut across sedimentary strata. Bedding plane structures Image FluteCast.JPG thumb Flute ... at Roundtop Hill Maryland Roundtop Hill , Maryland. Bedding Plane Structures are commonly used as paleocurrent ..., so they can be used as geopetal structures. Syneresis cracks form in a similar way, with the exception ... beds. Within bedding structures Image Logan Formation Cross Bedding Scour.jpg thumb Cross bedding and scour ... shore of the Dead Sea, Israel. These structures are within sedimentary bedding and can help with the interpretation ..., finer grained sediment. Secondary sedimentary structures Secondary sedimentary structures form ... secondary structures include any form of bioturbation, soft sediment deformation, teepee structures ... more details
Infobox company name Dynamic Structures logo caption type traded as genre Only used with media and publishing companies fate predecessor successor foundation 1920s Start date YYYY MM DD founder defunct End date YYYY MM DD location city location country location Canada locations area served Worldwide key people industry Manufacturing products Amusement ride s, observatory telescopes services revenue operating income net income aum Only used with financial services companies assets equity owner num employees parent divisions subsid homepage URL http www.dynamicstructuresltd.com footnotes intl Dynamic Structures is a Canadian company with a history in steel fabrication dating back to the 1920s. They create amusement ride s, theme park rides, observatory telescopes and other complex steel structures. Astronomy Projects File Canada France Hawaii Telescope dome.jpeg thumb Canada France Hawaii Telescope Dynamic Structures has been involved in the design and construction of most of the world s largest observatories. ref Industry Canada, Company Directories, 2009 03 09, http www.ic.gc.ca app ccc srch nvgt.do?sbPrtl &prtl 1&estblmntNo 101479240000&profile cmpltPrfl&profileId 1484&app sold&lang eng ref These include Canada France Hawaii Telescope Enclosure, Hawaii Isaac Newton Telescope Enclosure,La Palma Canary Islands William Herschel Telescope Enclosure, La Palma W.M. Keck Observatory , Phase 1 Enclosure, Hawaii Owens Valley Radio Observatory 3 Radio Telescope Support Structures, California Starfire Optical Range Enclosure, New Mexico W.M. Keck Observatory, Phase 2 Enclosure, Hawaii W.M. Keck Observatory, Phase 2 Telescope Structure, Hawaii Subaru Telescope Enclosure, Hawaii Gemini ... arms that run on a track. Steel Structures Other structures that Dynamic Structures have constructed ... caption Steel Structures File Richmond Olympic Oval front view 2.jpg Richmond Olympic Oval File ... Steel companies of Canada Category Roller coaster manufacturers fr Dynamic Structures ... more details
Infobox Album Name Structures Type compilation Cover John Digweed Structures.jpg Artist John Digweed Released Start date 2010 7 12 df yes Recorded Genre House music Progressive house Length Label Bedrock Records Misc Extra chronology Artist John Digweed Type compilation Last album Bedrock Eleven br 2009 This album Structures br 2010 Next album Structures is a compilation album by England English house music progressive house disc jockey DJ and record producer producer John Digweed , released on 12 July 2010 by Digweed s own label Bedrock Records . ref cite web title John Digweed builds Structures url http www.residentadvisor.net news.aspx?id 12276 date 1 June 2010 publisher Resident Advisor accessdate 19 June 2010 ref Track listing tracklist headline Disc 1 writing credits no extra column Artist title1 Colache note1 Sometimes Mix extra1 Luis Junior writer1 length1 title2 Babylon note2 John Daly Remix extra2 Alex Dolby & Santos writer2 length2 title3 My Real Name Is extra3 Wiretappeur writer3 length3 title4 On and Amp note4 Vincenzo Remix extra4 Mutant Clan writer4 length4 title5 No Walls note5 Maher Daniel Remix extra5 Alex Dolby & Santos writer5 length5 title6 Cream note6 Wiretappeur Remix extra6 Dirty Mongrel writer6 length6 title7 Alameda Jau Dub extra7 King Roc & Dimitri Nakov writer7 length7 title8 Colmedream extra8 Cristian Verela writer8 length8 title9 Put It to Bed extra9 Rowdent writer9 length9 title10 Boom Boom extra10 Quivver writer10 length10 title11 Perras A Tutti extra11 Cristian Verela writer11 length11 title12 2000000 Dubs extra12 King Unique writer12 length12 title13 2000000 Suns note13 John Digweed & Nick Muir Remix extra13 King Unique writer13 length13 title14 In Your Boat extra14 Quivver writer14 length14 tracklist headline Disc 2 writing credits no extra column Artist title1 In Search of Silver note1 Structures Edit extra1 Nick Warren writer1 length1 ... structures Bedrock Records John Digweed Structures Interactive Category John Digweed albums Category ... more details
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