Decoding the Past 2005 present is a History Channel paranormal television series that wikt decode decode s the past by looking for unusual, and mysterious things written about throughout history that may give clues as to what will happen in the future . Episodes Notes in alphabetical order some of these names are exactly the same as History s Mysteries episode names. 666 The Signs of Evil Apocalypse Ayatollah Khomeini Behind The Da Vinci Code Bible Mysteries Countdown to Armageddon Cover Up ? Cult s Dangerous Devotion End times Doomsday 2012 The end times End of Days Earth s Black Hole Heaven Beyond the grave burial Grave Heaven and Hell In Search of the Real Frankenstein Mayan Calendar Mayan Doomsday Prophesy Monster s Mysteries of the Bermuda Triangle Mysteries of the Freemason s America Mysteries on the International waters High Seas Nazi Prophecies Opus Dei Unveiled Opus Dei Secrets Revealed Presidential Prophecies George Washington s vision, Nancy Reagan s psychic advice, Franklin D. Roosevelt Prophecies of Iraq Prophecies of Israel http www.guba.com watch 3000094018 Relics of The Passion Secrets of Kabbalah Secrets of the Dollar Bill Secrets of the Koran Secrets of the Playing Card Seven Wonders of the World Sodom and Gomorrah Sodom & Gomorrah The Bible Code Predicting Armageddon The Holy Grail The Other Nostradamus The Real Sorcerer s Stone The Spear of Christ The Knights Templar Templar Code Crusade of Secrecy Tibetan Book of the Dead Unraveling The Shroud of Turin Shroud Vampire s Secrets References Reflist Links http store.aetv.com html subject index.jhtml?id cat1640002&parentcatid cat1640002 A&E Store Decoding the Past http www.imdb.com find?s all&q 22Decoding The Past 22 IMDB Decoding the Past http www.tv.com decoding the past show 61796 summary.html TV.com Decoding the Past http tvguide.com tvshows decoding past 197377 TV Guide Decoding the Past http boards.historychannel.com forum.jspa?forumID 600000057 Official discussion forum on The History Channel s website ... more details
Infobox Book name Decoding the Heavens A 2,000 Year old Computer and the Century Long Search to Discover Its Secrets title orig translator image image caption author Jo Marchant cover artist country language English language English series genre Non fiction publisher William Heinemann Ltd. release date November 2008 media type Print Hardcover Hardback pages 336 pp isbn 043401835X oclc 230989682 preceded by followed by Decoding the Heavens A 2,000 Year old Computer and the Century Long Search to Discover Its Secrets by Jo Marchant is an exploration of the history and significance of the Antikythera Mechanism IPAc en icon n t k r respell AN ti ki THEER , an ancient mechanical calculator also described as the first known Analog computer mechanical computer ref http www.antikythera mechanism.gr project general the project.html The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project , The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project. Retrieved 2009 05 29 ref ref name Washington Post http www.washingtonpost.com .... The project has published a commentary ref http www.antikythera mechanism.gr notes comments decoding the heavens Notes and Comments on Decoding the Heavens ref that sets out problems with the book ... Bromley is disputed. ref http www.connectives.com decoding the heavens bromley comments.html Decoding .... January 26, 2009 . http www.publishersweekly.com article CA6631979.html?nid 3336 Decoding the Heavens ... article mg20126972.500 review decoding the heavens by jo marchant.html Review Decoding the Heavens ... culture books bookreviews 4174865 Decoding the Heavens Solving the Mystery of the Worlds First Computer by Jo Marchant review.html Decoding the Heavens Solving the Mystery of the World s First Computer ... entertainment la ca jo marchant8 2009mar08,0,7702372.story Decoding the Heavens by Jo Marchant , Los ... entertainment books reviews decoding the heavens by jo marchant 1027346.html Clockwork marvel before its time The Independent accessed 31 May 2009 References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Decoding The Heavens Category ... more details
Expert verify date June 2010 In communication theory and coding theory , decoding is the process of translating ... that math C math is not necessarily linear code linear . Ideal observer decoding One may be given the message math x in mathbb F 2 n math , then ideal observer decoding generates the codeword math ... math x math after transmission. Decoding conventions Each codeword does not have a expected ... message. In such a case, the sender and receiver s must agree ahead of time on a decoding convention ... decoding See Maximum likelihood Given a received codeword math x in mathbb F 2 n math maximum likelihood decoding picks a codeword math y in C math to Optimization mathematics maximize math mathbb ... decoding . In fact, by Bayes Theorem we have math begin align mathbb P x mbox received mid y mbox ... decoding , a convention must be agreed to for non unique decoding. The ML decoding problem can also ..., 51 954 972, March 2005. ref The ML decoding algorithm has been found to be an instance of the MPF ... distance decoding Given a received codeword math x in mathbb F 2 n math , minimum distance decoding ..., then minimum distance decoding is equivalent to maximum likelihood decoding , since if math d x,y d ... d . Minimum distance decoding is also known as nearest neighbour decoding . It can be assisted or automated by using a standard array . Minimum distance decoding is a reasonable decoding method ... on the disk can cause an error in many neighbouring symbols or codewords. As with other decoding methods, a convention must be agreed to for non unique decoding. Syndrome decoding Syndrome decoding redirects here Syndrome decoding is a highly efficient method of decoding a linear code over a noisy channel i.e. one on which errors are made. In essence, syndrome decoding is minimum distance decoding ... in size. The simplest kind of syndrome decoding is Hamming code . Suppose that math C subset ... errors are made then minimum distance decoding will still correctly decode the incorrectly transmitted ... more details
No footnotes date May 2011 In computer science , particularly in coding theory , list decoding is an alternative to unique decoding of error correcting codes for large error rates. The notion was proposed by Peter Elias Elias in the 1950s. The main idea behind list decoding is that the decoding algorithm .... This allows for handling a greater number of errors than that allowed by unique decoding. The unique decoding model in coding theory , which is constrained to output a single valid codeword ... error correction model called list decoding, wherein the decoder outputs a list of codewords ... of list decoding has many interesting applications in Computational complexity theory complexity ... to a bound on the total number of errors. The highlight of list decoding is that even under adversarial ... d math over an alphabet math Sigma math of size math q math . The list decoding problem can now be formulated ... x math is at most math e math . Motivation for list decoding Given a received word math y math , which ... math c 1 math and math c 2 math , unambiguous decoding becomes impossible as the decoder cannot decide ... correction is impossible, if we only insist on unique decoding. However, received words such as math ... codes. Under the mandate of list decoding, for worst case errors, the decoder is allowed to output a small ... error recovery model than unique decoding. List decoding potential For a polynomial time list decoding ... is that it imposes an upper bound on the rate of a code. List decoding promises to meet this upper ... to as the list decoding capacity in the literature. This is a substantial gain compared to the unique decoding model as we now have the potential to correct twice as many errors. Naturally, we need ... to perform decoding and with list decoding, we can potentially achieve reach this information theoretic ... in polynomial time and efficient algorithms to perform encoding and decoding. Definitions of list decoding p, L list decodability For any error fraction math 0 le p le 1 math and an integer math L ... more details
cleanup date December 2009 Expert subject Mathematics date December 2009 Sequential decoding is a limited memory technique for decoding tree codes . Sequential decoding is mainly used is as an approximate decoding algorithm for long constraint length convolutional code s. This approach may not be as accurate as the Viterbi algorithm but can save a substantial amount of computer memory. Sequential decoding explores the tree code in such a way to try to minimise the computational cost and memory requirements to store the tree. There is a range of sequential decoding approaches based on choice of metric and algorithm. Metrics include Fano metric Zigangirov metric Gallager metric Algorithms include Stack algorithm Fano algorithm Creeper algorithm Fano metric Given a partially explored tree represented by a set of nodes which are limit of exploration , we would like to know the best node from which to explore further. The Fano metric named after Robert Fano allows one to calculate from which is the best node to explore further. This metric is optimal given no other constraints e.g. memory . For a binary symmetric channel with error probability math p math the Fano metric can be derived via Bayes theorem . We are interested in following the most likely path math P i math given an explored state of the tree math X math and a received sequence math mathbf r math . Using the language of probability and Bayes theorem we want to choose the maximum over math i math of math Pr P i X, mathbf r propto Pr mathbf r P i,X Pr P i X math We now introduce the following notation math N math to represent ... decoding to a good choice of decoding algorithm, the number of states explored wants to remain ... decoding may introduce an additional error above Viterbi decoding when the correct path has math ... decoding , ISBN 0262230062 Rolf Johannsesson and Kamil Sh. Zigangirov, Fundamentals of convolutional ... node called weight DEFAULTSORT Sequential Decoding Category Error detection and correction ... more details
Orphan date December 2011 Neural decoding is a neuroscience related field concerned with the reconstruction of sensory and other stimuli from information that has already been encoded and represented in the brain by neural network networks of neurons . Reconstruction refers to the ability of the researcher ... s. Therefore, the main goal of neural decoding is to characterize how the electrical activity of neurons ... 14 , 5936 5941. doi 10.1073 pnas.0900573106 ref This article specifically refers to neural decoding ... of picture frame. This highlights the crux of the neural decoding hypothesis that is possible ... from is looking at a red ball. Encoding to decoding Implicit about the decoding hypothesis is the assumption that neural spiking in the brain somehow represents stimuli in the external world. The decoding .... This process of decoding neural data forms a loop with Neural coding neural encoding . First ... communication. ref the Efficient coding hypothesis efficient coding hypothesis . Now neural decoding ... is used at a later point in time. This neural coding and decoding loop is a symbiotic relationship and the crux of the brain s learning algorithm. Furthermore, the processes that underlie neural decoding ... Boloori, A. R., Jenks, R. A., Desbordes, G., & Stanley, G. B. 2010 . Encoding and decoding cortical ... ref Spatial resolutions Much of the neural decoding problem depends on the spatial resolution of the data ... Warland, D. K., Reinagel, P., & Meister, M. 1997 . Decoding visual information from a population of retinal ... into account when decoding the neural code are the timescales and frequencies of the stimulus being ... decoding When decoding neural data, arrival times of each spike math t 1, text t 2, text ..., text ... decoding math P s t t i P t i s t P s t P t i math . An area of active research consists of finding ... function , and math Zeta s math is the partition function . Agent based decoding In addition ... decoding benefits the development of brain machine interfaces , prosthetics ref name Donoghue ... more details
successfully. Alternatively, a 5.1 set of speaker feeds can be generated by decoding for a Pentagon ... see External links External links . The technology provides one approach to the decoding of Ambisonic ... used for 5.1 surround sound replay. Parametric decoders The idea behind parametric decoding is to treat ... explains why these methods work. The major benefits of parametric decoding is a greatly increased angular ... Vector base amplitude panning ref and HRTF based synthesis. Parametric decoding was pioneered by Lake ... Decoding UHJ Ambisonic UHJ format Decoding UHJ Meridian Audio, Ltd. , manufacturer of hardware decoders ... more details
Infobox book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name Decoding Reality The Universe as Quantum Information title orig translator image Image Decoding Reality Vedral 2010.jpg 200px image caption Front Cover author Vlatko Vedral illustrator cover artist country United Kingdom language English language English series subject Science publisher Oxford University Press release date 2010 english release date media type Print Hardcover Hardback pages x, 256 pp. isbn 0199237697 oclc congress Q360 .V43 2010 preceded by followed by Decoding Reality The Universe as Quantum Information is a popular science book by Vlatko Vedral published by Oxford University Press in 2010. Vedral examines information theory and proposes information as the most fundamental building block of reality. He argues what a useful framework this is for viewing all natural and physical phenomena . In building out this framework the books touches upon the origin of information, the idea of entropy , the roots of this thinking in thermodynamics , the replication of DNA, development of social networks , quantum behaviour at the micro and macro level, and the very role of indeterminism in the universe. The book finishes by considering the answer to the ultimate question where did all of the information in the Universe come from? The ideas address concepts related to the nature of particles , time, determinism , and of reality itself. Contents Creation Ex Nihilo Something from Nothing Vedral believes in the principal that information is physical. Creation ex nihilo comes from Catholic dogma, the idea being that god created the universe out of nothing. Vedral says that invoking a supernatural being as an explanation for creation does not explain reality because the supernatural being would have to come into existence itself too somehow presumably from nothing or else from an infinite regression ... A History, a Theory, a Flood by James Gleick science DEFAULTSORT Decoding Reality Category ... more details
In information theory and coding theory , linear programming decoding LP decoding is a Decoding methods decoding method which uses concepts from Linear programming LP theory to solve decoding problems. This approach was first used by Jon Feldman et al. ref name feldman Using linear programming to Decode Binary linear codes, J. Feldman, M.J. Wainwright and D.R. Karger, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 51 954&ndash 972, March 2005. ref They showed how the LP can be used to decodes block codes. References references mathapplied stub Category Mathematical optimization Category Operations research ... more details
Refimprove date March 2009 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Decoding the Tomb of Bansheebot Type studio Artist Buckethead Cover Decoding the Tombs of Bansheebot.jpg Released October 30, 2007 Recorded Genre Experimental rock br Hard rock br Heavy metal music Heavy metal Length 46 46 Label Hatboxghost Music Producer Buckethead Dan Monti Del Rey Brewer Reviews Last album Acoustic Shards br 2007 This album Decoding the Tomb of Bansheebot br 2007 Next album Cyborg Slunks br 2007 NOTOC Decoding the Tomb of Bansheebot is the twentieth studio album by Buckethead , released through TDRS Music in 2007. The album was announced with the release of two other albums, Cyborg Slunks and an album with drummer Bryan Mantia Brain called Kevin s Noodle House . All were released on the same date. It has a similar sound to its predecessor Pepper s Ghost Buckethead album Pepper s Ghost , and shares the more straightforward songwriting of it as well. It also features the song Sail on Soothsayer that is dedicated to his Aunt Suzie 1932 2007 . The song is connected to two other songs that Buckethead dedicated to her, the first being Soothsayer Dedicated to Aunt Suzie from the album Crime Slunk Scene 2006 followed by Aunt Suzie from the album Cyborg Slunks , his next release. Decoding the Tomb of Bansheebot includes some references to the Haunted Mansion , as in the opening track which quotes a line from the attraction s script, ref cite web url http www.disneylandreport.com disneyland haunted mansion script.html title Haunted Mansion Script publisher The Disneyland Report date accessdate 2012 02 13 ref narrated by the Ghost Host . The titular character first appeared as an adversary built by Slipdisc on Bucketheadland on the tracks Enter Slipdisc and Bansheebot vs. Buckethead . Track ... Buckethead albums es Decoding the Tomb of Bansheebot fr Decoding the Tomb of Bansheebot it Decoding the Tomb of Bansheebot sv Decoding the Tomb of Bansheebot ... more details
In error detection and correction , majority logic decoding is a method to decode repetition code s, based on the assumption that the largest number of occurrences of a symbol was the transmitted symbol. Theory In a binary alphabet made of math 0,1 math , if a math n,1 math repetition code is used, then each input bit is mapped to the code word as a string of math n math replicated input bits. Generally math n 2t 1 math , an odd number. The repetition codes can detect up to math n 2 math transmission errors. Decoding errors occur when the more than these transmission errors occur. Thus, assuming bit transmission errors are independent, the probability of error for a repetition code is given by math P e sum k frac n 1 2 n n choose k epsilon k 1 epsilon n k math , where math epsilon math is the error over the transmission channel. Algorithm Assumptions The code word is math n,1 math , where math n 2t 1 math , an odd number. Calculate the math d H math Hamming weight of the repetition code. if math d H le t math , decode code word to be all 0 s if math d H ge t 1 math , decode code word to be all 1 s Example In a math n,1 math code, if R 1 0 1 1 0 , then it would be decoded as, math n 5, t 2 math , math d H 3 math , so R 1 1 1 1 1 Hence the transmitted message bit was 1. References Rice University, http cnx.rice.edu content m0071 latest Category Error detection and correction zh ... more details
Orphan date May 2011 In coding theory , generalized minimum distance GMD decoding provides an efficient algorithm for decoding concatenated code s, which is based on using an error s and Erasure code erasures decoder for the outer code . A Concatenated error correction code Decoding concatenated codes naive decoding algorithm for concatenated codes can not be an optimal way of decoding because it does not take into account the information that maximum likelihood decoding MLD gives. In other words, in the naive algorithm, inner received codeword s are treated the same regardless of the difference between their hamming distance s. Intuitively, the outer decoder should place higher confidence in symbols whose inner code encodings are close to the received word. David Forney in 1966 devised a better algorithm called generalized minimum distance GMD decoding which makes use of those information better. This method is achieved by measuring confidence of each received codeword, and erasing symbols whose confidence is below a desired value. And GMD decoding algorithm was one of the first examples of soft decision decoder s. We will present three versions of the GMD decoding algorithm. The first two will be randomized algorithm s while the last one will be a deterministic algorithm . Setup Hamming distance Given two Euclidean vector vector s math u, v in sum n math the Hamming distance between ... code will be poly math N math time. Maximum likelihood decoding MLD MLD is a decoding method ... and running the errors and erasure decoding algorithm for math C text out math on the resulting ... mathbf c math . Note that a Concatenated codes naive decoding algorithm for concatenated codes can correct ... will finally show that the deterministic version of the algorithm above can do unique decoding of math ... decoding. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory , 12 125 131, 1966 DEFAULTSORT Generalized minimum distance decoding Category Error detection and correction Category Coding theory Category Finite ... more details
math 0 math eventually as math d math becomes large. Zemor s Algorithm The iterative decoding ... z v math Decoding math z v math to its nearest codeword. br br code Output math z math Explanation ... that math N dn math . The first iteration of the algorithm consists of applying the complete decoding ... v in A math , the decoding of these math n math subvectors of math w math may be done in parallel ..., it consists of decoding all the subvectors induced by the vertices of math B math . The coming iterations repeat those two steps alternately applying parallel decoding to the subvectors induced by the vertices ... C o math with itself and the above algorithm reduces to the natural hard iterative decoding of product ... N delta 2 O dfrac lambda d right math for values of math alpha 1 math . Here, the decoding algorithm ... If math G math is a Ramanujan graph of sufficiently high degree, for any math alpha 1 math , the decoding ... in constant time. Proof Since the decoding algorithm is insensitive to the value of the edges and by linearity ... codeword be math w math . The set of edges which has a incorrect value while decoding is considered ... of decoding. Here, math X i e in E x e i 1 math , and math S i v in V i E v cap X i 1 emptyset ... n log 2 alpha math Zemor s decoding algorithm finds it difficult to decode erasures. A detailed way ... time encoding and decoding of error correcting codes References reflist After listing your sources ... more details
self published date December 2011 Infobox film name Decoding Anne Parker director Steven Bernstein producer Steven Bernstein , Clark Peterson, Keith Kjarval, Stuart Ross, Executive Producers Johnathan Brownlee & Sahil Chanana writer Steven Bernstein, Michael Moss, Adam Bernstein starring Helen Hunt br Samantha Morton br Aaron Paul br cinematography Ted Hayash studio Dorado Media and CapitalMedia, House Capital, Story and Film, Ubiquimedia, Ozymandias Productions distributor Capcom Capcom Pictures country Film US language English Decoding Annie Parker is an upcoming drama film written and directed by Steven Bernstein. It is about the discovery of the gene responsible for many breast and ovarian cancers, the BRCA1 BRCA1 gene , and tells the story of Annie Parker, a sharp witted, funny and irrepressible young woman who watches her mother, then sister, fall victim to breast cancer. When, later, she herself is diagnosed with the disease, she is resolved to fight back against immeasurable odds. The film is also the story of Mary Claire King , the geneticist whose discovery of the BRCA1 gene and its link to breast cancer forever changed the understanding of human disease. Hers is considered one of the most important scientific discoveries of the 20th century. These two women are separated by thousands of miles, by circumstance, background and education, and yet, as told in the film, their two lives gradually intertwine over 15 years until a final, singular and life changing reckoning. ref http www.facebook.com pages Decoding Annie Parker 218537534833277?sk info ref Starring Helen Hunt , Samantha Morton , Aaron Paul , Richard Schiff , Bradley Whitford , Bob Gunton , Alice Eve and Maggie Grace . Filming began in October 2011 and wrapped in November 2011. Plot 11 year old Annie Parker ... Decoding Annie Parker 218537534833277?sk info ref Cast Helen Hunt Mary Claire King Samantha Morton ... and bradley whitford and more join decoding annie parker Category Upcoming films Category American ... more details
Iterative Viterbi decoding is an algorithm that spots the subsequence S of an observation O o sub 1 sub , ..., o sub n sub having the highest average probability i.e., probability scaled by the length of S of being generated by a given hidden Markov model M with m states. The algorithm uses a modified Viterbi algorithm as an internal step. The scaled probability measure was first proposed by John S. Bridle . An early algorithm to solve this problem, sliding window , was proposed by Jay G. Wilpon et al., 1989, with constant cost T mn sup 2 sup 2. A faster algorithm consists of an iteration of calls to the Viterbi algorithm , reestimating a filler score until convergence. The algorithm A basic non optimized version, finding the sequence s with the smallest normalized distance from some subsequence of t is pre input is placed in observation s 1..n , template t 1..m , and distance matrix d 1..n,1..m remaining elements in matrices are solely for internal computations int, int, int AverageSubmatchDistance char s 0.. n 1 , char t 0.. m 1 , int d 1..n,0.. m 1 score, subsequence start, subsequence end declare int e, B, E t 0 t m 1 s 0 s n 1 e e random do e e for i 1 to n do d i,0 d i,m 1 e e, B, E ViterbiDistance s , t , d e e E B 1 until e e return e, B, E pre The ViterbiDistance procedure returns the tuple e , B , E , i.e., the Viterbi score e for the match of t and the selected entry B and exit E points from it. B and E have to be recorded using a simple modification to Viterbi. A modification that can be applied to CYK tables, proposed by Antoine Rozenknop, consists in subtracting e from all elements of the initial matrix d . References Silaghi, M., Spotting Subsequences matching a HMM using the Average Observation Probability Criteria with application to Keyword Spotting , AAAI, 2005. Rozenknop, Antoine, and Silaghi, Marius Algorithme de d codage de treillis selon le crit re de co t moyen pour la reconnaissance de la parole , TALN 2001. Category Error detection and correction ... more details
orphan date August 2009 Journey to the Source Decoding Matrix Trilogy is a book about The The Matrix series Matrix trilogy of films. It was published by Sakthi Books Inc in 2004. The author of the book is Pradheep Chhalliyil, a scientist at Genetic ID, Fairfield, Iowa . He is a co founder of the Sakthifoundation Sakthi Foundation , a charitable organization that operates in USA and in India. Don Davis composer Don Davis , Composer Music Composer of Matrix Movies gave the foreword to this book. He commented As Morpheus told Neo, only the door can be shown but he is the one who has to walk through it, this book Journey to The Source holds the door open and illuminates our path The book s connection to the thought of Nondualism non duality became key to appear as one of the chapters in the book One Essential Writings on Nonduality , by Jerry Katz External links http www.matrixjourney.com The book s web page http matrix.stratics.com content gamedata contests contestinterview.php An interview with Dr.Pradheep Chhalliyil Category The Matrix franchise ... more details
. The basic premise is that for linear time decoding of these expander codes, http en.wikipedia.org ... Time Decoding of Error Correcting Codes Overview This article focuses on decoding an asymptotically ... code error correcting codes . The decoding requires circuits of size math O nlogn math and logarithmic depth. An important concept in decoding and error correction is error reduction. An error ... removes most errors from the message bits of a partially corrupt word. Throughout this article, the decoding ... of Expander Graphs and decoding of Expander Codes is provided to explain the error reduction mechanism ... to have no errors and are used in 2 to perform error correction on math M k math .The decoding ... as math B math For decoding Expander codes, we require good expansion . Thus, a relatively small ... error reduction algorithm is presented below. It is similar to the sequential decoding of http ... en institutioner math kalender tcs michael viderman linear time decoding of regular expander codes 1.304596 Michael Viderman Linear time decoding of regular expander codes br http ieeexplore.ieee.org ... more details
Countdown to Armageddon may be Countdown to Armageddon , a 2004 documentary film Countdown to Armageddon , a 1998 documentary film by Madacy Records Countdown to Armageddon , a Decoding the Past episode disamb ... more details
Kakadu can refer to Kakadu National Park in Australia The Kakadu Variations by Ludwig van Beethoven Kakadu software , a software library for encoding and decoding JPEG 2000 images Kakadu Sculthorpe , an orchestral composition by Peter Sculthorpe disambig ... more details
licensed library of codecs for encoding and decoding video and audio data. ref citation url http www.afterdawn.com ... VLC media players use it as their main, built in decoding engine that enables playback of many audio ... primary decoding library. libavcodec is also used in video editing and transcoding applications like Avidemux , MEncoder or Kdenlive for both decoding and encoding. libavcodec is particular in that it contains ... for decoding that is bit exact to the official implementation, bugs and missing features in such reimplementations ... accessdate 2012 01 17 ref Col begin Col 2 Asus v1 Asus v2 Audio Video Standard AVS decoding only CamStudio decoding only Cinepak decoding only Creative Technology Creative YUV CYUV, decoding only Dirac video compression format Dirac decoding only DNxHD codec DNxHD On2 Technologies Duck TrueMotion v1 decoding only On2 Technologies Duck TrueMotion v2 decoding only Flash Screen Video FFV1 H.261 H.263 H.264 MPEG 4 AVC native decoder, encoding through x264 Huffyuv id Software RoQ Video Intel Indeo decoding only Lagarith decoding only LOCO decoding only Mimic decoding only MJPEG MPEG 1 MPEG 2 H.262 ... On2 VP3 decoding only On2 Technologies On2 VP5 decoding only On2 Technologies On2 VP6 decoding only ... QuickDraw decoding only QuickTime Graphics Apple Graphics Codec SMC RealVideo RV10 and RV20 RealVideo RV30 and RV40 decoding only VC 1 decoding only Smacker video decoding only Snow codec Snow Sorenson codec Sorenson SVQ1 Sorenson SVQ3 decoding only Theora native decoder, encoding through libtheora Sierra Entertainment Sierra VMD Video decoding only VMware VMnc decoding only Westwood Studios VQA decoding only Windows Media Video WMV version 7 and 8 Windows Media Video WMV version 9 decoding only Wing Commander video game Wing Commander Xan Video decoding only Col end Implemented audio codecs ... 17 ref Col begin Col 2 8SVX decoding only Advanced Audio Coding AAC Dolby AC 3 AC 3 Adaptive Multi Rate audio codec AMR decoding only Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband AMR WB decoding only Apple Lossless ... more details
unreferenced date March 2010 A soft in soft out SISO decoder is a type of soft decision decoder used with error correcting code s. Soft in refers to the fact that the incoming data may take on values other than 0 or 1, in order to indicate reliability. Soft out refers to the fact that each bit in the decoded output also takes on a value indicating reliability. Typically, the soft output is used as the soft input to an outer decoder in a system using concatenated code s, or to modify the input to a further decoding iteration such as in the decoding of turbo code s. Examples include the BCJR algorithm and the soft output Viterbi algorithm . See also Decoding methods Error detection and correction Forward error correction Category Error detection and correction ... more details
Stack search also known as Stack decoding algorithm is a search algorithm similar to beam search . It can be used to explore tree structured search spaces and is often employed in Natural language processing applications, such as parsing of natural languages, or for decoding of error correcting code s where the technique goes under the name of sequential decoding . Stack search keeps a list of the best n candidates seen so far. These candidates are incomplete solutions to the search problems, e.g. partial parse trees. It then iteratively expands the best partial solution, putting all resulting partial solutions onto the stack and then trimming the resulting list of partial solutions to the top n candidates, until a real solution i.e. complete parse tree has been found. Stack search is not guaranteed to find the optimal solution to the search problem. The quality of the result depends on the quality of the search heuristic. References Example applications of the stack search algorithm can be found in the literature Frederick Jelinek. Fast sequential decoding algorithm using a stack. IBM Journal of Research and Development, pp. 675 685, 1969. Ye Yi Wang and Alex Weibel. Decoding algorithm in statistical machine translation. Proceedings of the 8th conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 366 372. Madrid, Spain, 1997. computer stub Category Search algorithms ... more details
In coding theory , a zigzag code is a type of Linear code linear error correcting code introduced by harvtxt Ping Huang Phamdo 2001 . ref citation last1 Ping first1 Li last2 Huang first2 Xiaoling last3 Phamdo first3 Nam doi 10.1109 18.910590 mr 1820492 issue 2 journal IEEE Transactions on Information Theory pages 800 807 title Zigzag codes and concatenated zigzag codes volume 47 year 2001 . ref They are defined by partitioning the input data into segments of fixed size, and adding sequence of check bits to the data, where each check bit is the exclusive or of the bits in a single segment and of the previous check bit in the sequence. The code rate is high math J J 1 where mvar J is the number of bits per segment. Its worst case ability to correct transmission errors is very limited in the worst case it can only detect a single bit error and cannot correct any errors. However, it works better in the Soft decision decoder soft decision model of decoding its regular structure allows the task of finding a Decoding methods Maximum likelihood decoding maximum likelihood decoding or an a posteriori probability decoding to be performed in constant time per input bit. References reflist Category Coding theory Category Error detection and correction telecommunications stub ... more details
wiktionarypar Syndrome Syndrome may refer to Syndrome in medicine Syndrome decoding , in coding theory Syndrome The Incredibles , a fictional character Syndrome video game series disambig fr Syndrome homonymie ko it Sindrome disambigua nl Syndrome ja ru ... more details
Mpack may refer to Mpack, Senegal , a border crossing with Guinea Bissau MPack software MPack , a malware kit developed in Russia The PQI mPack , a portable media player mpack unix , a command line MIME encoding and decoding utility ftp ftp.andrew.cmu.edu pub mpack See also MPAC disambiguation disambig de MPack ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
