about the naturally occurring small D small form of deoxyribose the small L small form L Deoxyribose chembox verifiedrevid 443568548 Name small D small Deoxyribose ImageFileL1 D dexoyribose chain.png ImageSizeL1 ... Deoxyribose , more, precisely 2 deoxyribose , is a monosaccharide with idealized formula H C O CH ... differ by the stereochemistry at C2 , 2 deoxyribose and 2 deoxyarabinose are equivalent, although the latter term is rarely used because ribose, not arabinose, is the precursor to deoxyribose. Structure Several isomers exist with the formula H C O CH sub 2 sub CHOH sub 3 sub H, but in deoxyribose all the hydroxyl groups are on the same side in the Fischer projection . The term 2 deoxyribose may refer to either of two enantiomer s the biologically important small D small 2 deoxyribose and to the rarely encountered mirror image L Deoxyribose small L small 2 deoxyribose . ref name moens C Bernelot Moens and B Demple 1989 , Multiple DNA repair activities for 3 deoxyribose fragments in Escherichia coli. . Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, issue 2, pp. 587 600. ref small D small 2 Deoxyribose is a precursor to the nucleic acid DNA . 2 Deoxyribose is an aldopentose , that is, a monosaccharide with five carbon atom s and having an aldehyde functional group . In aqueous solution, deoxyribose ... for ribose . Image Deoxyribose1.PNG thumb center 400px Chemical equilibrium of deoxyribose in solution. Biological importance As a component of DNA, 2 deoxyribose derivatives have an important role ... repository of genetics genetic information in life, consists of a long chain of deoxyribose containing ... , a DNA nucleotide consists of a deoxyribose molecule with an organic base chemistry base usually adenine , thymine , guanine or cytosine attached to the 1 ribose carbon. The 5 hydroxyl of each deoxyribose unit is replaced by a phosphate forming a nucleotide that is attached to the 3 carbon of the deoxyribose in the preceding unit. The absence of the 2 hydroxyl group in deoxyribose is apparently ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE small L small Deoxyribose Chembox verifiedrevid 355289257 Name small L small Deoxyribose ImageFileL1 L Deoxyribose.png ImageSizeL1 120px ImageFileR1 L Deoxyribose chain.png ImageSizeR1 120px IUPACName 3 R ,4 S 3,4,5 Trihydroxypentanal OtherNames 2 Deoxy small L small erythro pentose 2 Deoxy small L small ribose small L small 2 Deoxyribose Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 18546 37 7 PubChem 6994527 ChemSpiderID 5362530 SMILES O CC C H O C H O CO InChI 1 C5H10O4 c6 2 1 4 8 5 9 3 7 h2,4 5,7 9H,1,3H2 t4 ,5 m1 s1 InChIKey ASJSAQIRZKANQN UHNVWZDZBB StdInChI 1S C5H10O4 c6 2 1 4 8 5 9 3 7 h2,4 5,7 9H,1,3H2 t4 ,5 m1 s1 StdInChIKey ASJSAQIRZKANQN UHNVWZDZSA N PubChem1 9855484 PubChem1 comment hemiacetal ChemSpiderID1 8031184 ChemSpiderID1 comment hemiacetal SMILES1 OC C H 1OC O C C H 1O SMILES1 comment hemiacetal InChI1 1 C5H10O4 c6 2 4 3 7 1 5 8 9 4 h3 8H,1 2H2 t3 ,4 ,5? m1 s1 InChI1 comment hemiacetal InChIKey1 PDWIQYODPROSQH OVEKKEMJBQ InChIKey1 comment hemiacetal StdInChI1 1S C5H10O4 c6 2 4 3 7 1 5 8 9 4 h3 8H,1 2H2 t3 ,4 ,5? m1 s1 StdInChI1 comment hemiacetal StdInChIKey1 PDWIQYODPROSQH OVEKKEMJSA N StdInChIKey1 comment hemiacetal Section2 Chembox Properties C 5 H 10 O 4 Appearance White solid Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition small L small Deoxyribose is an organic compound with formula C sub 5 sub H sub 10 sub O sub 4 sub . It is a synthetic monosaccharide , a stereoisomer mirror image of the natural compound Deoxyribose small D small deoxyribose . small L small Deoxyribose can be synthesized from Galactose small D small galactose . ref name shi2002 SHI Zhen Dan, YANG Bing Hui, and WU Yu Lin 2002 , A stereospecific synthesis of L deoxyribose, L ribose and L ribosides . Tetrahedron, volume 58, issue 16, pp. 3287 3296 ref It has been used in chemical research, e.g. in the synthesis of mirror image ... 3332 ref References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Deoxyribose, L organic compound stub Category Deoxy sugars ... more details
enzyme Name deoxyribose phosphate aldolase EC number 4.1.2.4 CAS number 9026 97 5 IUBMB EC number 4 1 2 4 GO code 0004139 image width caption In enzymology , a deoxyribose phosphate aldolase EC number 4.1.2.4 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 2 deoxy D ribose 5 phosphate math rightleftharpoons math D glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate acetaldehyde Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , 2 deoxy D ribose 5 phosphate , and two product chemistry products , D glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate and acetaldehyde . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the aldehyde lyases, which cleave carbon carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2 deoxy D ribose 5 phosphate acetaldehyde lyase D glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate forming . Other names in common use include phosphodeoxyriboaldolase , deoxyriboaldolase , deoxyribose 5 phosphate aldolase , 2 deoxyribose 5 phosphate aldolase , and 2 deoxy D ribose 5 phosphate acetaldehyde lyase . This enzyme participates in pentose phosphate pathway . Structural studies As of late 2007, 10 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1JCJ , PDB link 1JCL , PDB link 1KTN , PDB link 1MZH , PDB link 1N7K , PDB link 1O0Y , PDB link 1P1X , PDB link 1UB3 , PDB link 1VCV , and PDB link 2A4A . References reflist 1 cite journal author Hoffee PA date 1968 title 2 deoxyribose 5 phosphate aldolase of Salmonella typhimurium purification and properties journal Arch. Biochem. Biophys. volume 126 pages 795&ndash 802 pmid 4879701 doi 10.1016 0003 9861 68 90473 6 issue 3 cite journal author Jedziniak JA, Lionetti FJ date 1970 title Purification and properties of deoxyriboaldolase from human erythrocytes journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 212 pages 478&ndash 87 pmid 4989681 issue 3 cite journal author RACKER E date 1952 ... 1965 title The mechanism of action of aldolases. VI. Crystallization of deoxyribose 5 phosphate aldolase ... more details
Acids A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid one of the most prominent biology articles of the twentieth ... of Nucleic Acids A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid pl Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids ... more details
A deoxyribonucleoside is a type of nucleoside including deoxyribose as a component. ref MeshName Deoxyribonucleosides ref An example is deoxycytidine . References reflist Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides chem stub Category Nucleosides bg fr D soxyribonucl oside ko nl Deoxyribonucleoside sr Dezoksiribonukleozid ... more details
class toccolours border 1 style float right clear right margin 0 0 1em 1em border collapse collapse align center bgcolor ffffff Image Ribofuranose 2D skeletal.png 150px br br Image Deoxyribose.svg 150px Comparison of the chemical br structures of ribose top br and deoxyribose bottom . Image Fucose2.png thumb fucose Image Alpha L Rhamnopyranose.svg thumb rhamnose Deoxy sugars are sugar s that have had a hydroxyl group replaced with a hydrogen atom. Examples include Deoxyribose based upon ribose Fucose Rhamnose External links MeshName Deoxy Sugars http www.chem.qmul.ac.uk iupac 2carb 13.html Overview at qmul.ac.uk organic compound stub biochem stub Carbohydrates Category Deoxy sugars bg ca Desoxisucre es Desoxiaz car fr D soxyose it Deossizuccheri ja sr Dezoksi e er tr Deoksi eker zh ... more details
A deoxyribonucleotide is the monomer , or single unit, of DNA , or deoxyribonucleic acid. Each deoxyribonucleotide comprises three parts a nitrogenous base , a deoxyribose sugar, and one phosphate group. ref cite book title The ACS style guide effective communication of scientific information year 2006 publisher American Chemical Society location Washington, D.C. isbn 9780841239999 edition 3rd editor Coghill, Anne M. Garson, Lorrin R. page 244 ref The nitrogenous base is always bonded to the 1 carbon of the deoxyribose, which is distinguished from ribose by the presence of a proton on the 2 carbon rather than an OH group. The phosphate groups bind to the 5 carbon of the sugar. When deoxyribonucleotides polymerize to form DNA, the phosphate group from one nucleotide will bond to the 3 carbon on another nucleotide, forming a phosphodiester bond via dehydration synthesis . New nucleotides are always added to the 3 carbon of the last nucleotide, so synthesis always proceeds from 5 to 3 . References reflist External links MeshName Deoxyribonucleotides Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides Category Nucleotides bg ca Desoxiribonucle tid cs Deoxyribonukleotid et Desoks ribonukleotiidid es Desoxirribonucle tido fr D soxyribonucl otide gl Desoxirribonucle tido ko it Deossiribonucleotide nl Deoxyribonucleotide oc Desoxiribonucleotid pl Deoksyrybonukleotydy sr Dezoksiribonukleotid tr Deoksiribon kleotit ... more details
Chembox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 396326178 ImageFile DG chemical structure.png ImageSize 150px IUPACName 2 Amino 9 2 R ,4 S ,5 R 4 hydroxy 5 hydroxymethyl oxolan 2 yl 3 H purin 6 one OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 163230 InChI 1 C10H13N5O4 c11 10 13 8 7 9 18 14 10 12 3 15 8 6 1 4 17 5 2 16 19 6 h3 6,16 17H,1 2H2, H3,11,13,14,18 t4 ,5 ,6 m0 s1 InChIKey YKBGVTZYEHREMT KVQBGUIXBI StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C10H13N5O4 c11 10 13 8 7 9 18 14 10 12 3 15 8 6 1 4 17 5 2 16 19 6 h3 6,16 17H,1 2H2, H3,11,13,14,18 t4 ,5 ,6 m0 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey YKBGVTZYEHREMT KVQBGUIXSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 961 07 9 PubChem 638 ChEMBL Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEMBL 68908 ChEBI Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEBI 17172 SMILES c1nc2c n1 C H 3C C H C H O3 CO O nH c nc2 O N MeSHName Deoxyguanosine Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 10 sub H sub 13 sub N sub 5 sub O sub 4 sub MolarMass 267.24 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Deoxyguanosine is composed of the purine nucleoside guanine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of deoxyribose. It is similar to guanosine , but with one hydroxyl group removed from the 2 position of the ribose sugar making it deoxyribose . If a phosphate group is attached at the 5 position, it becomes deoxyguanosine monophosphate . See also 8 Oxo 2 deoxyguanosine Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides Category Nucleosides Category Purines Biochemistry stub bg ca Desoxiguanosina cs Deoxyguanosin de Desoxyguanosin es Desoxiguanosina fa fr D soxyguanosine it Deossiguanosina nl Deoxyguanosine ja oc Desoxiguanosina pt Desoxiguanosina sr Dezoksiguanozin ur Deoxyguanosine zh ... more details
Dideoxynucleotides , or ddNTPs, are nucleotide s lacking a 3 hydroxyl OH group on their deoxyribose sugar. Since deoxyribose already lacks a 2 OH, dideoxyribose lacks hydroxyl groups at both its 2 and 3 carbons. The lack of this hydroxyl group means that, after being added by a DNA polymerase to a growing nucleotide chain, no further nucleotides can be added as no phosphodiester bond can be created based on the fact that deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates which are the building blocks of DNA allow DNA chain synthesis to occur through a condensation reaction between the 5 phosphate following the cleavage of pyrophospate of the current nucleotide with the 3 hydroxyl group of the previous nucleotide. The dideoxyribonucleotides do not have a 3 hydroxyl group, hence no further chain elongation can occur once this dideoxynucleotide is on the chain. This can lead to the termination of the DNA sequence. Thus, these molecules form the basis of the Chain termination method dideoxy chain termination method of DNA sequencing , which was developed by Frederick Sanger in 1977. ref Sanger, F., Nicklen, S., and Coulson, A. R. DNA sequencing with chain terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci , 74 12 5463 7, 1977. ref Dideoxynucleotides are useful in the sequencing of DNA in combination with electrophoresis . A DNA sample that undergoes PCR polymerase chain reaction in a mixture containing all four deoxynucleotides and one dideoxynucleotide will produce strands of length equal to the position of each base of the type that complements the type having a dideoxynucleotide present. That is, each nucleotide base of that particular type has a probability of being bonded to not a deoxynucleotide but rather a dideoxynucleotide, which ends chain elongation. Thus, if the sample then undergoes electrophoresis, there will be a band present for each length at which the Complementary DNA complement of the dideoxynucleotide is present. It is now common to use fluorescent dideoxynucleotides such that each ... more details
James D. Watson and Francis Crick were the two co discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953. They used x ray diffraction data collected by Rosalind Franklin and proposed the double helix or spiral staircase structure of the DNA molecule. Their article, Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid , is celebrated for its treatment of the B form of DNA B DNA , and as the source of Watson Crick base pairing of nucleotides. They were, with Maurice Wilkins , awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962. Apparently, as they walked into the The Eagle pub Eagle pub in Cambridge , Crick announced, We have found the secret of life. ref http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi science nature 2804545.stm ref ref name time100 The Time 100 at http www.time.com time time100 scientist profile watsoncrick.html time.com retrieved on March 19, 2009 ref References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Watson And Crick Category American scientists Category British scientists Category Duos scientist stub zh ... more details
In molecular biology and genetics , upstream and downstream both refer to a relative position in DNA or RNA . Each strand of DNA or RNA has a 5 end and a 3 end , so named for the carbons on the deoxyribose or ribose ring. Relative to the position on the strand, downstream is the region towards the 3 end of the strand. Since DNA strands run in opposite directions, downstream on one strand is upstream on the other strand. Image Upstream downstream.JPG Illustration of upstream and downstream Examples Transcription genetics Transcription and translation biology translation of DNA and mRNA, respectively, have their direction defined by the newly synthesized strand, that is, in downstream direction 5 3 . However, it is in the upstream direction 3 5 for the copied template strand. See also Upstream and downstream transduction Category Molecular biology fa tr Ak a a ve ak yukar DNA ... more details
, a biopolymer that is the basis of Transcription genetics genetic transcription . It is related to deoxyribose ..., the carbon atoms are numbered from C1 in the aldehyde group to C5 . The deoxyribose derivative found ... more details
Onesource date June 2009 DNA end or sticky end refers to the properties of the end of a molecule of DNA or a recombinant DNA molecule. The concept is important in molecular biology , especially in Clone genetics cloning or when subcloning inserts DNA into vector DNA. All the terms can also be used in reference to RNA . The sticky ends or cohesive ends form base pairs. Any two complementary cohesive ends can anneal, even those from two different organisms. This bondage is temporary however, and DNA ligase will eventually form a covalent bond between the sugar phosphate residue of adjacent nucleotides to join the two molecules together. Single stranded DNA molecules A single stranded non circular DNA molecule has two non identical ends, Directionality molecular biology the 3 end and the 5 end usually pronounced three prime end and five prime end . The numbers refer to the numbering of carbon atoms in the deoxyribose , which is a sugar forming an important part of the backbone of the DNA molecule. In the backbone of DNA the 5 carbon of one deoxyribose is linked to the 3 carbon of another by a phosphate group. The 5 carbon of this deoxyribose is again linked to the 3 carbon of the next, and so forth. Variations in double stranded molecules When a molecule of DNA is double stranded, as DNA usually is, the two strands run in opposite directions. Therefore, one end of the molecule will have the 3 end of strand 1 and the 5 end of strand 2, and vice versa in the other end. However, the fact that the molecule is two stranded allows numerous different variations. Blunt ends The simplest DNA end of a double stranded molecule is called a blunt end . In a blunt ended molecule both strands terminate in a base pair . Blunt ends are not always desired in biotechnology since when using a DNA ligase to join two molecules into one, the yield is significantly lower with blunt ends. When performing subcloning, it also has the disadvantage of potentially inserting the insert DNA in the op ... more details
C DNA template ss DNA single stranded DNA deoxyribose sugar phosphate backbone Addition onto 3 OH As replication ... single stranded DNA deoxyribose sugar phosphate backbone Synthesis of DNA DNA polymerase III will then synthesize ... onto the DNA strands. DNA deoxyribose sugar phosphate backbone G U A U C G T A G G Polymerase Pol RNA primer III hydrogen bonding C A T A G C A T C C DNA template ss DNA single stranded DNA deoxyribose ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 450937939 Name small D small Ribulose ImageFileL1 D Ribulose.svg ImageSizeL1 88px ImageFileR1 Ribulose.svg ImageSizeR1 150px IUPACName 3R,4R 1,3,4,5 Tetrahydroxypentan 2 one OtherNames small D small erythro 2 Pentulose br Adonose br Arabinulose br Araboketose br Ribosone Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 488 84 6 CASOther D br 2042027 5 L br 5556 48 9 DL PubChem 151261 SMILES D C C H C H C O CO O O O br L OCC C H O C H O CO O Section2 Chembox Properties C 5 H 10 O 5 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Ribulose is a ketopentose &mdash a monosaccharide containing five carbon atom s, and including a ketone functional group . It has chemical formula carbon sub 5 sub hydrogen sub 10 sub oxygen sub 5 sub . Two enantiomers are possible, small D small ribulose small D small erythro pentulose and small L small ribulose small L small erythro pentulose . small D small Ribulose is the diastereomer of small D small xylulose . Ribulose sugars are composed in the pentose phosphate pathway . They are important in the formation of many bioactive substances. For example, small D small ribulose is an intermediate in the fungal pathway for small D small arabitol production. Also, as the 1,5 bisphosphate, small D small ribulose combines with carbon dioxide at the start of the photosynthesis process in green plants carbon dioxide trap . A synthetic form of ribulose known as sucroribulose is found in many brands of artificial sweeteners. See also Arabinose Deoxyribose Lyxose Ribose Xylose Xylulose Carbohydrates Category Ketopentoses bg ca Ribulosa de Ribulose es Ribulosa fa fr Ribulose gl Ribulosa it Ribulosio hu Ribul z ja pl Rybuloza pt Ribulose ru sr sh Ribuloza tr Ribuloz zh ... more details
chembox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 400114624 ImageFile Lyxose.png ImageSize 180px ImageFile1 Alpha D Lyxopyranose.svg ImageSize1 150px IUPACName 2R,3R,4S 2,3,4,5 Tetrahydroxypentanal OtherNames L Lyxose br Lyxopyranose Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASNo 1949 78 6 PubChem 65550 ChEMBL Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEMBL 1159661 SMILES C C H C H C H C O O O O O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 5 sub H sub 10 sub O sub 5 sub MolarMass 150.13 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Lyxose is an aldopentose &mdash a monosaccharide containing five carbon atom s, and including an aldehyde functional group . It has chemical formula carbon sub 5 sub hydrogen sub 10 sub oxygen sub 5 sub . Lyxose occurs only rarely in nature, for example, as a component of bacterial glycolipid s. ref name ACS Kay Hooi Khoo et al. , Chemistry of the Lyxose Containing Mycobacteriophage Receptors of Mycobacterium phlei Mycobacterium smegmatis, Biochemistry , 35 36 , 11812 11819, 1996. http pubs.acs.org cgi bin abstract.cgi bichaw 1996 35 i36 abs bi961055 .html Abstract ref See also Arabinose Deoxyribose Ribose Ribulose Xylose Xylulose References Reflist External links http biocyc.org ECOLI NEW IMAGE?type PATHWAY&object LYXMET PWY E. coli K 12 Pathway L lyxose degradation Carbohydrates Category Aldopentoses bg ca Lixosa de Lyxose es Lixosa fr Lyxose fy Lyksoaze gl Lixosa ja pl Liksoza pt Lixose tr Liksoz zh ru ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Context date October 2009 Sequential walking is a technique that can be used to solve various 2D Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectra. In a 2D experiment, cross peaks must be correlated to the correct nuclei. Using sequential walking, the correct nuclei can be assigned to their crosspeaks. The assigned crosspeaks can give valuable information such as spatial interactions between nuclei. In a NOESY of DNA , for example, each nucleotide has a different chemical shift associated with it. In general, A s are more downstream, T s are more upstream, and C s and G s are intermediate. Each nucleotide has protons on the deoxyribose sugar, which can be assigned using sequential walking. To do this, the first nucleotide in the sequence must be detected. Knowing the DNA sequence helps, but in general the first nucleotide can be determined using the following rules. 1. 2 and 2 protons of a nucleotide will show up in its column, as well as in the column of the next nucleotide in the sequence. For example, in the sequence CATG, in the column for C, its own 2 and 2 protons will be seen, but none of the other nucleotides. For A, its own 2 and 2 protons will be seen, as well as those from C. 2. Methyl groups on the nucleotide are seen in the column for the nucleotide containing a methyl group, as well as for the nucleotide preceding it. For example, in CATG, the A and T will contain the methyl peak corresponding to the methyl group on T, but G will not. Once the first nucleotide has been found, you determine which nucleotide is next to it because it should contain the 2 and 2 protons form the previous nucleotide. This is done by walking across the spectrum. This process is then repeated sequentially until all nucleotides have been assigned. DEFAULTSORT Sequential Walking Category Nuclear magnetic resonance Chemistry stub ... more details
3 The nucleotides of DNA left Deoxyribose Adenine Thymine Deoxyribose C sub 5 sub OH sub 7 sub C sub ... sub Phosphate Phosphate PO sub 4 sub PO sub 4 sub Deoxyribose Cytosine Guanine Deoxyribose C sub 5 sub ..., deoxyribose C sub 5 sub OH sub 7 sub in DNA, C sub 5 sub O sub 4 sub H sub 10 sub when ... more details
by nucleosidase s into nucleobases and ribose or deoxyribose. In addition, nucleotides can be broken down inside the cell into nitrogenous base s, and ribose 1 phosphate or deoxyribose 1 phosphate ... more details
Image Levene.jpg Phoebus Levene thumb Image Tetranucleotide .png Molecular diagram of a proposed tetranucleotide, later shown to be incorrect. It was proposed by Phoebus Levene around 1910 thumb Phoebus Aaron Theodore Levene, M.D. 25 February 1869 6 September 1940 was a Lithuanian Jews Lithuanian American biochemist who studied the structure and function of nucleic acid s. He characterized the different forms of nucleic acid, DNA from RNA , and found that DNA contained adenine , guanine , thymine , cytosine , deoxyribose , and a phosphate group. cn date October 2011 He was born into a Lithuanian Jews Litvak family as Fishel Aaronovich Levin in the town in Lithuania , then occupied by the Russian Empire but grew up in St. Petersburg . There he studied medicine at the Imperial Military Medical Academy M.D., 1891 and developed an interest in biochemistry. In 1893, because of anti Semitic pogrom s, he and his family emigrated to the United States and he practiced medicine in New York . Levene enrolled at Columbia University and in his spare time conducted biochemical research, publishing papers on the chemical structure of sugars. In 1896 he was appointed as an Associate in the Pathological Institute of the New York State Hospitals, but he had to take time off to recuperate from tuberculosis. During this period, he worked with several chemists, including Albrecht Kossel and Emil Fischer , who were the experts in proteins. In 1905, Levene was appointed as head of the biochemical laboratory at the Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research. He spent the rest of his career at this institute, and it was there that he identified the components of DNA . He had discovered ribose in 1909 cn date September 2011 and deoxyribose in 1929 cn date September 2011 . Not only did Levene identify the components of DNA, he also showed that the components were linked together in the order phosphate sugar base to form units. He called each of these units a nucleotide , and stated that the DN ... more details
Distinguish Guanine Guanidine Guanfacine chembox verifiedrevid 443850478 ImageFile G chemical structure.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName 2 Amino 9 3,4 dihydroxy 5 hydroxymethyl oxolan 2 yl 3 H purin 6 one OtherNames Guanine riboside Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 6544 InChI 1 C10H13N5O5 c11 10 13 7 4 8 19 14 10 12 2 15 7 9 6 18 5 17 3 1 16 20 9 h2 3,5 6,9,16 18H,1H2, H3,11,13,14,19 t3 ,5 ,6 ,9 m1 s1 InChIKey NYHBQMYGNKIUIF UUOKFMHZBU ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 375655 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C10H13N5O5 c11 10 13 7 4 8 19 14 10 12 2 15 7 9 6 18 5 17 3 1 16 20 9 h2 3,5 6,9,16 18H,1H2, H3,11,13,14,19 t3 ,5 ,6 ,9 m1 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey NYHBQMYGNKIUIF UUOKFMHZSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 118 00 3 PubChem 765 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank DB02857 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 12133JR80S ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 16750 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG C00387 SMILES c1nc2c O nH c nc2n1 C H 3 C H C H C H O3 CO O O N MeSHName Guanosine Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 10 sub H sub 13 sub N sub 5 sub O sub 5 sub MolarMass 283.241 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Guanosine is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose ribofuranose ring via a N sub 9 sub glycosidic bond . Guanosine can be Phosphorylation phosphorylated to become guanosine monophosphate GMP , cyclic guanosine monophosphate cGMP , guanosine diphosphate GDP , and guanosine triphosphate GTP . These forms play important roles in various biochemical processes such as synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, photosynthesis , muscle contraction and intracellular signal transduction cGMP . When guanine is attached by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of a deoxyribose ring it is known as deoxyguanosine . The antiviral drug aciclo ... more details
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