Orphan date March 2009 Distributed Presence is a digital marketing term that means distributing a brand s presence through multiple communications channels to effectively reach target consumers. Brands have an arsenal of tactics today to reach and communicate with consumers, some of which include video, audio, email, websites and microsite s, paid media, search engine optimization and search engine marketing , blogging , social media , social influence programs, web content syndication and distribution, GUI widget widgets , gadgets , word of mouth and viral marketing programs, mobile media, mobile text marketing, mobile applications, convergent media, etc. The term was originally used by Sherry Turkle in her 1995 book, Life on the Screen Identity in the Age of the Internet. As it relates to digital marketing, the term itself was first used by Keith Rhodes, a digital marketing industry veteran, in his blog Distributed Presence http wwww.keithrhodes.com . The term Distributed Presence is now a widely searched and generally accepted digital marketing industry term. Marketing date December 2008 Category Marketing ... more details
For distributed propulsion on rail see Multiple unit Distributed propulsion DP is a type of powered flight propulsion system for fixed wing aircraft in which airflows and forces are distributed about a vessel. Its goal is to increase performance in fuel efficiency, emissions, noise, field length, and handling performance as compared to the use of a single large engine, jet, or propeller. DP is typically accomplished by spanwise distribution of partially or fully embedded multiple small engines or fans across the width of wing. It may instead employ ducting of exhaust gases along the entire trailing edge of a wing. Types Any fixed wing aircraft with more than one propulsor can be considered a distributed propulsion aircraft. However, in common modern usage DP describes a propulsion system scheme with distributed exhaust, a large number of distributed engines typically fully or partially embedded within the wing , or a large number of distributed fans with a common core ref http www.sciencedirect.com science article pii S0376042110000497 Gohardani et al. Challenges of Future Aircraft Propulsion A Review of Distributed Propulsion Technology And Its Potential Application for the All Electric Commercial Aircraft , Progress in Aerospace Sciences, Volume 47, Issue 5, July 2011, Pages 369 391. ref . These implementations are often proposed in conjunction with blended wing body BWB or hybrid wing body HWB aircraft. Implementation approaches include blown flap jet flaps , transverse or cross flow fans CFF , multiple small engines typically gas turbines , or multiple fans driven by a smaller ... http mdao.grc.nasa.gov publications IPLF08 Kim.pdf Kim, Brown, and Felder. Distributed Turboelectric ... credited for the renewed interest in DP approaches. Benefits Recent analytic and experimental distributed ... cgi bin GetTRDoc?AD ADA516809&Location U2&doc GetTRDoc.pdf Epstein, A. Distributed Propulsion New Opportunities ... assembly and maintenance. ref Kim, Hyun Dae, Distributed Propulsion Vehicles , in 27th International ... more details
Distributed Applications are software systems running on two or more computer s in a computer network . Introduction Where classic software systems of the past century were mostly based on Client server model s and Client centric application development, both ultimately run on one single computer, be it the client computer or the server. br With the introduction of Intelligent agent s, Web API s and Web 2.0 and the emergence of Cloud computing more and more multiple machine approaches emerge, where many systems on several locations can take care of Load balancing computing by re distribution of specific tasks, or where each of these machines serves a specific purpose or task. Examples Distributed Applications can include Distributed system s using general purpose and specialized Application Programming Interface s Real time systems for data input by people Like HelpDesk software and Client Service Software taking care of appointments and updates on Client Data Hardware systems like the Internet of Things With independent components capable of processing specific tasks while communicating to other parts via a network Render and computation farms To render 3D images and do calculations on large datasets and process complex data in general See also Observer pattern Push technology Pull technology Multitier architecture Internet of Things Cloud computing Category Distributed computing architecture ar es Aplicaci n distribuida ... more details
Image Pgdp logo.png right Official logo for Distributed Proofreaders Image Distributed Proofreaders proofreading interface.png right 360px Screenshot of the proofreading interface on Distributed Proofreaders. Distributed Proofreaders commonly abbreviated as DP or PGDP is a web based project that supports ... drafts of e texts for errors. History Distributed Proofreaders was founded by Charles Franks ... Penguin isbn 0 14 311613 4 url http books.google.com books?id 7eRPKIvEo9gC&pg PT109 ref Distributed Proofreaders became an official Project Gutenberg site in 2002. On 8 November 2002, Distributed Proofreaders ... cite web url http www.boingboing.net 2002 11 12 distributed proofrea.html title Distributed Proofreading ... and quality of e text production. Distributed Proofreaders posted their 5,000th text to Project ... more than half of works in Project Gutenberg, as of 2012 01 lc on . On 31 July 2006, the Distributed Proofreaders Foundation was formed to provide Distributed Proofreaders with its own legal entity ... title Secure Distributed Human Computation booktitle Financial cryptography and data security ... correction process, akin to distributed computing . Each page is proofread and formatted several times ... coordinators and participants. Related Projects DP Europe In January 2004, Distributed Proofreaders ... 4, 2010 title Distributed Proofreaders, producteur des livres du Projet Gutenberg, a 10 ans language French work Actualitt url http www.actualitte.com dossiers 1197 ebooks projet gutenberg distributed ... before they can be proofread and eventually published at DP. DP Canada On 1 December 2007, Distributed ... Distributed Proofreaders site, it is a separate entity. All of its projects are posted to Project ... may be preserved in Canada, whereas in other parts of the world those works may not be distributed ... ebooks 38468 etext 38468 10,000th E book On 9 March 2007, Distributed Proofreaders announced ... as a group release of bilingual books ref http blog.pgdp.net 2011 04 09 distributed proofreaders ... more details
Distributed management is a management method for people to work together over the World Wide Web web to accomplish desired goals. Management activities are distributed through the people doing the work. Changed Operating Environment Traditionally the management Basic functions functions of management are centralised and performed by managers. This limits the amount of work that can be done. The Internet has provided the opportunity for people to work together globally. However, manager centric approaches have been unable to provide a practical means to fully utilize the available connectivity. Social networking has been tried, but it lacks an underlying management method and the tools to apply the method globally and consistently. History In his Doctorate on Introducing Technology into Organizations completed in 1990, Dr Neil Miller identified the need for a distributed management paradigm . In 1991, he founded http www.taskey.com TASKey Pty Ltd to develop, operationalise, and commercialize a new distributed management paradigm. Patents on the core parts of distributed management were granted in Australia 1997 and USA 2000 . In 1995, TASKey correctly estimated that the web technologies required to globally implement distributed management would not be available for about 15 years. TASKey has used this time for comprehensive experimentation and to refine TASKey methods and software tools, so they are acceptable and workable for most people with minimal training. Key Parts The key parts of Distributed Management are Each task has stakeholders called a task team with one person ... The differentiators between distributed management and traditional management are Designed for the web ... Implementing the distributed management paradigm required new web software to manage the complex ..., validated and commercialized web software called http www.taskey.com TASKey TEAM for enterprise distributed ... and commercialization of Distributed Management are explored in http www.me2team.com Blog tabid 267 ... more details
Primary sources date August 2010 fiction date November 2010 The concept of a distributed republic is that of a fluid republic consisting of land and citizens scattered across the globe, changing far more frequently than conventional nation states . Many of these republics were corporate entities, while others were more loosely connected anarchist communities. The concept is rooted in the anarcho capitalist , dystopian cyberpunk subgenre of science fiction , and was used extensively by novelist Neal Stephenson in his books Snow Crash and The Diamond Age . References reflist no footnotes date August 2010 DEFAULTSORT Distributed Republic Category Anarcho capitalism Polisci stub ... more details
merge to backbone network date May 2011 A distributed backbone is a backbone network that consists of a number of connectivity devices connected to a series of central connectivity devices, such as hubs, switches, or routers, in a hierarchy Dean, 2010, p. 202 . ref name Cenage1 Tamara Dean. Network Guide to Networks . Course Technology, Cenage Learning, 2010, p. 202. ref This kind of topology allows for simple expansion and limited capital outlay for growth, because more layers of devices can be added to existing layers Dean, 2010, p. 202 . ref name Cenage1 In a distributed backbone network, all of the devices that access the backbone share the transmission media, as every device connected to this network is sent all transmissions placed on that network. ref name BICSI1 BICSI Lan Design Manual CD ROM, Issue 1, Distributed backbone network, p.20 http etidweb.tamu.edu cdrom3 CHAPTER8.PDF , 1996, accessed May, 7 2011. ref Uses Distributed backbones, in all practicality, are in use by all large scale networks. ref name Dooley Dooley, Kevin. Designing Large Scale Networks , p.23 http www.scribd.com doc 54296513 8 Distributed Backbone , O Reilly Online Catalog, January, 2002, accessed May, 7 2011. ref Applications in enterprise wide scenarios confined to a single building are also practical, as certain connectivity devices can be assigned to certain floors or departments. ref name Cenage1 Each floor or department possesses a LAN and a wiring closet with that workgroup s main hub or router computing router connected to a bus style network using backbone cabling . ref name TNE Distributed Backbone http www.thenetworkencyclopedia.com d2.asp?ref 193 , accessed May, 7 2011. ref Another advantage of using a distributed backbone is the ability for network administrator to segregate workgroups for ease of management. ref name Cenage1 Possible design flaws There is the possibility of single ... Cenage1 The distributed backbone must be designed to separate network traffic circulating on each individual ... more details
portal United States Marine Corps Distributed Operations DO is a new When date February 2011 war fighting concept being adopted by the United States Marine Corps and is being developed by their United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory Warfighting Laboratory as a response to the changing environment of the War on Terrorism Global War on Terror . Adaptive enemies and a more complex environment required that conventional forces have the ability to decentralize decision making and distribute their forces. The concept is the brainchild of James Mattis General James Mattis and will maximize a Marine Air Ground Task Force commander s ability to employ tactical units across the depth and breadth of a non linear battlespace. Distributed Operations is a form of maneuver warfare where small, highly capable units spread across a large area of operations will create an advantage over an adversary through the deliberate use of separation and coordinated, independent tactical actions. DO units will use close combat or supporting arms to disrupt the enemy s access to key terrain and avenues of approach. This type of warfare will be dependent on well trained and professional small unit leaders, focused and energetic training of small units and more robust communications and tactical mobility assets for those smaller units. A greater focus will also be placed on language and cultural training. Historical examples Finnish small unit tactics during the Winter War of 1939 1940. British and Indian Chindit tactics employed against the Japanese during the Burma Campaign First Chindit Expedition Burma Campaign . The U.S. Marines Combined Action Program during the Vietnam War . External links http www.mcwl.usmc.mil A 20Concept 20for 20Distributed 20Operations 20 20Final 20CMC 20signed 20co.pdf?opendocument Commandant signs of on Distributed Operations http www.darpa.mil DARPATech2005 presentations ato tovar.pdf Distributed Operations and new technology DEFAULTSORT Distributed Operations ... more details
Dablink Distributed learning may refer to distance education . Merge Spacing effect date September 2009 Distributed learning is defined as opposed to massed learning. ref name L&D cite pmid 18772260 ref Reviews of material separated by a long period of time spaced yield more learning than reviews separated by a shorter period of time massed this is called the spacing effect . ref cite web url http www.aft.org newspubs periodicals ae summer2002 willingham.cfm title Allocating Student Study Time Massed versus Distributed Practice author Daniel T. Willingham publisher American Federation of Teachers work American Educator date 2002 accessdate 2010 09 08 ref Review of material increases long term memory best when there is more time between introduction and review of material. It has been suggested that it would be better for exams to be taken after a break than before, assuming there was a review before the exams, because of the spacing effect. ref cite web url http www.window.state.tx.us schoolstart2004 taskforce mtg041215 winterbreak.doc title Why Taking Exams after Winter Break is best for Students What the Experts Say author Dr. Bill Cunningham format .doc accessdate 2010 09 08 ref According to a behavioral study, distributed learning across a 24 hour interval does not enhance immediate memory performance but instead slows the rate of forgetting relative to massed learning. The savings in forgetting were specific to relational memory, but not item memory. ref name L&D See also Episodic memory Learning theories Memory consolidation Spaced learning Notes reflist References Dempster, F. 1991 . Synthesis of Research on Reviews and Tests. Journal of Educational Leadership. 48 7 . pp. 71 76. Terry, W. 1983 . http www.informaworld.com smpp ftinterface db all content a923980046 fulltext 713240930 Recognition of sentences from text after massed vs spaced readings requires payment . The Journal of General Psychology. 109 pp. 67 71. DEFAULTSORT Distributed Learning Category ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Distributed language represents an externalist perspective on human cognition. Instead of tracing communication to individual knowledge of a symbolic system , language activity is taken to sustain the human world. Extending work by Humberto Maturana , priority is given to how face to face interaction draws on multimodal activity or languaging . 1 As people language together, they gain the skills and knowledge needed to participate in a range of activities in which wordings play a part. Over time, these activities construct and maintain language as a whole. Distributed language thus links a biological theory of the origin of language to distributed cognition . Human cognitive and communicative abilities arise as people do things together while drawing on material, linguistic and other resources. Language activity is constrained by biology , circumstances, and collective ways of life. While bodies sustain coordination, our lived realities are extended by the resources of a partly shared collective world. Thus, language cannot be separated from the artifacts and institutions or the behaviour of the living beings who undertake collaborative and solo tasks. This distributed perspective challenges the mainstream view that language use can be explained by individual competencies and microsocial rules. To ascribe language to individual organisms is, on the distributed perspective, an error. Building on cognitive science , the perspective challenges cognitive internalism by presenting language as a prime case of embodied and culturally embedded cognition. It emphasizes that the heterogeneity of human language does much to shape people, mind and society. Major Founders http www.psy.herts.ac.uk pub sjcowley index.html Stephen Cowley http faculty.gordon.edu ... www.psy.herts.ac.uk dlg index.html The Distributed Language Group at University of Hertfordshire ... of Second Language Studies at University of Hawaii at Manoa Sources Cowley, C. 2011 Distributed ... more details
Distributed switching is an architecture in which multiple central processing unit processor controlled switching units are distributed. There is often a hierarchy of switching elements, with a centralized Server computing host Stored Program Control exchange switch and with remote switches located close to concentrations of users. Use in telephony networks Distributed switching is often used in telephone network s, though it is often called host remote switching . In rural areas, population centers tend to be too small for economical deployment of a full featured dedicated telephone exchange , and distances between these centers make transmission telecommunications transmission costs relatively high. Normal telephone traffic patterns show that most calling is done between people in a community of interest , in this case a geographical one the population center. Use of distributed switching allows for the majority of calls that are local to that population center to be switched there without needing to be transported to and from the host switch. The host switch provides connectivity between the remote switches and to the larger network, and the host may also directly handle some rare and complex call types conference call ing, for example that the remote itself is not equipped to handle. Host switches also perform OAM&P Operation, Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning functions, including billing, for the entire cluster of the host and its remote switches. A key capability of a remote switch is the ability to act in emergency standalone ESA mode, wherein local calls can still be placed even in the event that the connection between that remote and the host has been lost. In this mode, only local calling is available anyway, so the billing capability of the host switch ... router s and Ethernet switches utilize distributed switching on separate cards within an equipment chassis ... the distributed switches. This architecture has become less common as backplane computer bus bus speeds ... more details
Distributed economies DE is a term that was coined by Allan Johansson et al. in 2005 ref name Johansson 2005 Johansson A, Kisch P, Mirata M., 2005, http www.delabs.org Pdf s 20& 20docs DE 20article3 20Journal 20of 20Cleaner 20prod..pdf Distributed economies A new engine for innovation . Journal of Cleaner Production 2005 13 971 9 ref . Definition There is no official definition for DE, but it could be described as a regional approach to promote innovation by small and medium sized enterprises, as well as sustainable development. The concept is illustrated in the figure below, that shows centralised, decentralised and distributed economies respectively. Image Centralised decentralised distributed.png Different types of economies 500px left thumb Features The relations in DE are much more complex than those in a centralised economy. This feature makes the whole economy more stable leaf nodes no longer rely on just one central node. It also resembles ecological networks, making it a good practical example of Industrial Ecology . A big advantage of DE is that it enables entities within the network to work much more with regional local natural resources, finances, human capital, knowledge, technology, and so on. It also makes the entities more flexible to respond to the local market needs and thus generating a bigger innovation drive. By doing this, they become a better reflection of their social environment and in that way they can improve quality of life. The whole concept of DE is not at all a new invention this is how most pre industrial economies were organised. However, information technology has opened new doors for the concept information can be shared much more easily ... hand, bio energy ref Mirata M.,Nilsson H., Kuisma J., 2005, Production systems aligned with distributed ... eng.asp DeLabs Learning Labs for Distributed Economies http www.iiiee.lu.se home.nsf webAll 60077aa16a0e4f4cc1256c54003769ed ... Tail References references DEFAULTSORT Distributed Economy Category Economic systems Category Economies ... more details
Distributed generation , also called on site generation , dispersed generation , embedded generation , decentralized generation , decentralized energy or distributed energy , generates electricity from ... long distances and negatively affect the environment. Distributed generation allows collection ... The Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and Rate Related Issues that May Impede Their Expansion ..., et al Policy Options to Support Distributed Resources U. of Del., Ctr. for Energy & Env. Policy 2005 .... Distributed generation Distributed generation plants are mass produced, small, and less site specific ... within traditional utility cash flow accounting. ref DOE The Potential Benefits of Distributed ... needed date February 2012 O come on POV, anyone? Distributed generation reduces the amount of energy ... be constructed. Typical distributed power sources in a Feed in Tariff FIT scheme have low maintenance ... . This reduces the size of power plant that can show a profit. Types of distributed energy resources Distributed energy resource DER systems are small scale power generation technologies typically ... of the traditional electric power system. The usual problem with distributed generators are their high ... needed date November 2009 Many distributed generation sites combine wind power and solar power ... gas, such as the Bloom Energy Server , have recently become a distributed energy resource. Distributed ... For reasons of reliability, distributed generation resources would be interconnected to the same ... must be examined for all combinations of distributed and central station generation. A large scale deployment of distributed generation may affect grid wide functions such as frequency control and allocation of reserves. ref Math H. Bollen, Fainan Hassan Integration of Distributed Generation in the Power ... distributed generation How electric vehicles are a part of distributed generation ref An electric vehicle network could also be an important distributed generation resource. Microgrid Image ... more details
network such as the Internet. Evolution of distributed firewall Conventional firewalls rely on the notions ... on the other side is, at least potentially, an enemy. Distributed firewall Distributed firewalls ... enterprises. Policies can be defined and pushed out on an enterprise wide basis. A feature of distributed ... to gather reports and maintain updates centrally makes distributed security practical. Distributed ... servers on the network, distributed firewalls act as specialists. Conventional firewalls ... firewalls that lead to Distributed firewalls are as follows. Due to the increasing line speeds ... and processing requirements. Distributed firewalls are host resident security software applications ... firewall but with centralized management like Distributed Firewalls. Distributed, host resident ... network uncontested and steal or corrupt corporate assets. Basic working Distributed firewalls ... in the same way that the perimeter firewall guards the overall network. Distributed firewalls rest on three ... distributed firewall is policy. It is essential to know about policies. A security policy ... . Components of a distributed firewall A central management system for designing the policies. A transmission ... end. Central management system Central Management, a component of distributed firewalls, makes it practical ..., distributed firewalls can be scanned to understand the current operating policy and to determine ... by the host. The host end part of the Distributed Firewall does provide any administrative ... traffic based on the security rules it has implemented. Threat comparison Distributed firewalls have ... distributed firewalls do so at the host. A more interesting question is what is noticed by the host attempting to connect. Today, such packets are typically discarded, with no notification. A distributed .... A distributed firewall will reassemble the packet and then reject it. On balance, against this sort ... use of distributed object oriented systems like Common Object Request Broker Architecture ... more details
In generative linguistics , Distributed Morphology is a framework for theories of Morphology linguistics morphology introduced in 1993 by Morris Halle and Alec Marantz . The central claim of Distributed Morphology is that there is no unified Lexicon as in earlier generative treatments of word formation. Rather, the functions that other theories ascribe to the Lexicon are distributed among other components of the grammar. In Distributed Morphology, the abstract morphemes that comprise words are held to be completely empty of phonological information until after the syntax syntactic component has finished manipulating them. That is, the structure of the sentence is worked out before there are any actual words present. The pieces of words that best match the syntactic structure are then inserted into the sentence. Core properties There are three main properties which distinguish Distributed Morphology from other theories ref Harley and Noyer 1999 ref Late Insertion Phonological information is inserted into syntactic structure only after all syntactic operations have applied. Underspecification of Vocabulary items The phonological string inserted in a given syntactic position does not necessarily have to be specified for all of the morphosyntactic features of that position. Syntactic Hierarchical Structure All the Way Down The relationships among elements within words are structurally identical to those relationships that hold among words. Vocabulary items Distributed Morphology makes a distinction between the notion of a morpheme , which refers to a syntactic terminal element, and that of a Vocabulary ... class es is recast in Distributed Morphology ref Harley and Noyer 1998 ref as the distinction between ... Morris author link Morris Halle last2 Marantz first2 Alec author2 link Alec Marantz title Distributed ... Noyer first2 Rolf author2 link Rolf Noyer title State of the Article Distributed Morphology journal GLOT International volume 4 issue 4 pages 3 9 year 1999 Distributed Morphology FAQ http www.ling.upenn.edu ... more details
. title Freight Train, Unbounded Distributed power It s a bigger deal than you think journal Trains ... to the rear of the train with all braking control at the front on a conventional train. When distributed ... is coped with in various fail safe manners. History Since the 1960s, railroad distributed power technology ... that is the predominant perhaps only? wireless distributed power system in use today around ... unit the Lead unit being the controlling locomotive. Only one distributed power equipped locomotive ... operate conventionally as multiple unit s. There are two basic modes for over the road distributed ... individual DP locomotive regardless of proximity. Distributed power was originally able to be provided ... with K B NYAB s CCBII brake . Users Distributed power is used in the United States and Canada ... operation is usually associated with passenger trains. Top and Tail is not, strictly speaking, a Distributed .... The term Distributed Power has been specifically coined to convey the generic concept of removing ... , which is the property of one company, is not itself used generically to refer to the technology of distributed ... Locomotive Locotrol Category Locomotives Category Radio control Category Rail technologies de Distributed ... more details
Distributed amplifiers are circuit design s that incorporate transmission line theory into electronic amplifier traditional amplifier design to obtain a larger gain bandwidth product than is realizable by conventional Electronic circuit circuits . File N stage traveling wave amplifier.svg right thumb 500px N stage traveling wave amplifier History The design of the distributed amplifiers was first formulated by William S. Percival in 1936. ref W. S. Percival, Thermionic Valve Circuits, British Patent Specification no. 460,562, filed 24 July 1936, granted January 1937. ref In that year Percival proposed a design by which the transconductance s of individual vacuum tube s could be added linearly ..., and J. D. Noe title Distributed Amplification journal Proc. IRE pages 956 69 year 1948 doi 10.1109 JRPROC.1948.231624 ref It is to this later paper that the term distributed amplifier can actually be traced .... Strid and K. R. Gleason title A DC 12 GHz Monolithic GaAsFET Distributed Amplifier journal IEEE Trans ... of Solid State Microwave Distributed Amplifiers journal IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques ... Waveguide MMIC Distributed Amplifier journal IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques volume 38 .... Umeda, and T. Enoki title Loss compensated Distributed Baseband Amplifier for Optical Transmission ... called the distributed oscillator . Lumped elements Analog delay line Delay lines are made of lumped ... each other. For a distributed amplifier the input is feed in series into the amplifiers and parallel ... amplifiers can be of any class. There may be some synergy between distributed class E F amplifiers ... capacitance and gain both scale linearly with the width. For the distributed amplifier the capacitance .... For frequencies at which small and efficient coils are available distributed amplifiers are more ... encyclopedia distributedamp.cfm Microwaves101.com Distributed amplifiers Category Electronic amplifiers Category Distributed element circuits ... more details
A Centralized database is a database located and maintained in one location, unlike a distributeddatabase . One main advantage is that all data is located in one place. The disadvantage is that bottlenecks may occur. database stub web stub Category Types of databases ... more details
A database administrator short form DBA is a person responsible for the Installation computer programs ... name SFIA cite web url http scripts.bcs.org sfiaplus sfia skills.htm dbad title Database Administration ... development development and design of database Strategy strategies , monitoring and improving database Computer performance performance and Capacity management capacity , and planning for future ... Science implement Computer security security measures to safeguard the database. ref name ACS cite web url http www.acs.org.au ictcareers index.cfm?action show&conID 200707200948211895 title Database ... 03 20 url http www.developer.com db article.php 718491 What Is a Database Administrator.htm title What is a Database Administrator? DBA publisher Developer.com accessdate 2012 02 06 ref Knowledge of SQL Structured Query Language SQL Some database design General understanding of Distributed computing distributed computing architectures for example, Client server model Client Server , Internet Intranet ... itself e.g. Microsoft SQL Server , Oracle Database Oracle , etc. General Skills ref cite web ... a469 768d14d1fc81 40sessionmgr10&vid 4 title Database Administrator? DBA publisher Prakken Publications ... the organization Good team player Certification Employing organizations may require that a database ... are Oracle Database 11g Administrator Certified Professional ref http education.oracle.com pls web ... Corporation . Retrieved 18 June, 2011. ref and MCITP Database Administrator 2008 . ref name microsoft ... Certification . Microsoft Microsoft Corporation . Retrieved 2012 02 06. ref Duties A database administrator .... ref Installation computer programs Installing and upgrade upgrading the database server and application tools Allocating system storage and planning future storage requirements for the database system Creating primary database storage structures tablespace tablespaces after application Software developer developers have designed an application Creating primary objects Table database tables , View ... more details
Refimprove date June 2009 The Beilstein database is the largest Chemical databasedatabase in the field of organic chemistry , in which compounds are uniquely identified by their Beilstein Registry Number . The database covers the scientific literature from 1771 to the present and contains experimentally validated information on millions of chemical reaction s and Chemical substance substances from original scientific publication s. The electronic database was originally created from Beilstein s Handbook of Organic Chemistry , founded by Friedrich Konrad Beilstein in 1881, but has appeared online under a number of different names, including Crossfire Beilstein. Since 2009, the content has been maintained and distributed by Elsevier Information Systems in Frankfurt under the product name Reaxys ref http www.reaxys.com info press room ref . The database contains information on reactions, substances, structures and properties. Up to 350 fields containing chemical and physical data such as melting point , refractive index etc. are available for each substance. References to the literature in which the reaction or substance data appear are also given. The Beilstein content made available through Reaxys ref cite web url http www.reaxys.com title Reaxys accessdate 4 January 2011 ref is complemented by information drawn from Gmelin which gives access to the Gmelin database Gmelin Database , a very large repository of Organometallic chemistry organometallic and inorganic chemistry inorganic information, as well as by information drawn from the Patent Chemistry Database. The Reaxys registered trademark and the database itself are owned and protected by Elsevier Properties SA and used under license. See also Dortmund Data Bank List of academic databases and search engines References Reflist Category Chemical databases Category Organic chemistry Category Bibliographic databases cs Beilsteinova datab ze de Beilsteins Handbuch der Organischen Chemie nl Beilstein database ja ... more details
have other options available. Distributed transactions Database systems implement distributed transaction ...Refimprove date August 2010 A transaction comprises a unit of work performed within a database management system or similar system against a database, and treated in a coherent and reliable way independent of other transactions. Transactions in a database environment have two main purposes To provide reliable units of work that allow correct recovery from failures and keep a database consistent even ... a database remain uncompleted, with unclear status. To provide isolation between programs accessing a database concurrently. If this isolation is not provided the programs outcome are possibly erroneous. A database transaction, by definition, must be Atomicity database systems atomic , Consistency database systems consistent , Isolation database systems isolated and Durability database systems durable ... that are atomic, consistent, isolated, and durable ACID . ref Database practitioners often refer to these properties of database transactions using the acronym ACID . Transactions provide an all or nothing proposition, stating that each work unit performed in a database must either complete ... other transactions, results must conform to existing constraints in the database, and transactions that complete successfully must get written to durable storage. Purpose Database s and other data stores ... units of work, each reading and or writing information to a database or other data store. When this happens it is often important to ensure that all such processing leaves the database or data ... is recorded, or vice versa. Transactional databases A transactional database is a DBMS where write transactions on the database are able to be rolled back if they are not completed properly e.g. due to power or connectivity loss . Most As of 2008 alt modern relational database management system s fall into the category of databases that support transactions. In a database system a transaction might ... more details
. FlockDB an open source distributed, fault tolerant graph database based on MySQL and the Gizzard ...A graph database uses Graph data structure graph structures with nodes, edges, and properties to represent and store data. By definition, a graph database is any storage system that provides index free ... graph are distinct from specialized graph databases such as triplestore s and network database model ... w , depending on which aspects of Wikipedia are pertinent to the particular database. Edges are the lines ... over a graph database in a natural way for example graph s diameter computations or community detection . Graph database projects The following is a list of several well known graph database ... Framework RDF and graph database. http www.bigdata.com blog Bigdata a highly scalable RDF graph database capable of 10B edges on a single node or clustered deployment for very high throughput. http www.cloudgraph.com CloudGraph a disk and memory based, fully transactional .NET graph database that uses ... DEX Graph database DEX ref http sparsity technologies.com dex ref A high performance graph database from http sparsity technologies.com Sparsity Technologies , a technology transition company ... GiraffeDB a powerful graph database system for the .NET framework 4.0, capable of representing ..., distributed, small footprint, high performance graph store with a rich tool set from http factnexus.com ... ldg Horton a graph database from http research.microsoft.com en us labs xcg Microsoft Research ... LGPL graph database supporting generalized hypergraph s where edges can point to other edges http infinitegraph.com InfiniteGraph a highly scalable, distributed and cloud enabled commercial product ... for small entities ref http infogrid.org wiki Docs License ref graph database with web front end ... graph database OpenLink Software OpenLink Virtuoso Universal Server Virtuoso a high performance RDF graph database server, deployable as a local embedded instance as used in the NEPOMUK framework Nepomuk ... more details
Orphan date October 2008 COI date January 2012 The SPRESI data collection is one of the largest Chemical database databases for organic chemistry worldwide. The database covers the scientific literature from 1974 to the present, focusing on organic synthesis . It contains information on 8.7 millions chemical structure s and 4.1 millions chemical reaction s abstracted from 658,000 references. History The database was jointly built from VINITI All Russian Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of the Russian Academy of Sciences, based in Moscow and ZIC Zentrale Informationsverarbeitung Chemie, based in east Berlin, up to 1989 and the data are now maintained by the VINITI Institute. Since 1990 http www.infochem.de InfoChem GmbH , based in Munich, Germany, has been the distributor of this data collection. br Database Content The SPRESI database contains information on organic substances, including coverage of reactions, structures and properties. Over 32 millions of factual data, such as physical properties boiling melting points, refractive indexes, etc. , reaction conditions catalysts, yields, etc. and keywords have also been abstracted. Links to the literature in which the substances are described are also given. br Access The SPRESI data collection can be accessed online via the web application http www.spresi.com SPRESI sup web sup , developed and distributed by InfoChem. Alternatively the complete set or subsets of the database can be acquired as raw data in SDF RDF chemical file format . Since March 2012 a subset of the SPRESI data, containing approx. 400,000 reaction is offered as free app for iPhone and iPad mobile devices under http infochem.de products databases spresimobile.shtml SPRESI mobile . References SPRESI sup web sup cite journal last Roth first Dana L. authorlink coauthors title SPRESIweb 2.1, a Selective Chemical Synthesis and Reaction Database journal J. Chem. Inf. Model. volume 45 issue 5 pages 1470 1473 publisher American Chemical Soc ... more details
Gemstone Database Category Proprietary database management systems Category Distributed computing ...Infobox programming language name GemStone Database Management System paradigm Application framework year 1991 typing designer implementations dialects influenced by Smalltalk , Object oriented programming influenced Java EE GemStone is a proprietary application framework that was first available for Smalltalk as an object database . Company history GemStone Systems was founded in 1982 as Servio Logic, and then became GemStone Systems, Inc in 1995. GemStone developed its first prototype in 1982, and shipped its first product in 1986. The engineering group resides in Beaverton, Oregon . Three of the original co founding engineers, Bob Bretl, Allen Otis and Monty Williams, have been with the company since its inception. GemStone s owners pioneered implementing distributed computing in business systems Citation needed date October 2007 . Many information system features now associated with Java EE were implemented earlier in GemStone. GemStone and VisualWave were an early web application server platform VisualWave and VisualWorks are now owned by Cincom . GemStone played an important sponsorship role in the Smalltalk Industry Council at the time when IBM was backing VisualAge Smalltalk VA is now at http www.instantiations.com Instantiations . After a major transition, GemStone for Smalltalk continues as GemStone S and various C and Java products for scalable, multi tier distributed systems . GemStone Systems, Inc. now develops and markets GemFire, which is notable for CEP complex event processing , Event Stream Processing , data virtualization and distributed caching. On May 6, 2010, SpringSource , a division of VMware , announced it had entered into a definitive agreement to acquire GemStone. ref http www.gemstone.com news 2010 05 06 springsource acquires gemstone systems ... framework s such as the Seaside web framework . Systems based on object database s are not as common ... more details
Mariposa was a relational database research project run by Michael Stonebraker at UC Berkeley . Mariposa focused on creating wide area distributed databases using an economic model in which querying servers buy data from data servers which sell it. The result is a network of servers that quickly reaches a best performance point. Other distributed RDBMS s rely on a heavyweight solution for moving data in which every server maintains a complete copy of the master database. While this works with private databases of small size, it simply cannot work with thousands of servers with aggregate data sets on the order of those being commonly found on the Internet . Mariposa uses an entirely different paradigm for distribution in which each server includes only the data it needs, but maintains links to other servers and knows what data they contain. If the data needs of a particular server mean it is constantly buying data from another server, notably one with a high cost say on the far side of the Atlantic Ocean Atlantic , the servers will automatically copy the data over. Mariposa s system is also largely automatic. Traditional systems require the dedicated resources of a database administrator in order to maintain performance as the data load changes over time, whereas in Mariposa the basic system will automatically handle such cases. Unlike Stonebraker s earlier efforts which were groundbreaking, Mariposa seems to have had little effect on the marketplace as a whole to date. The project has since ended. External links http mariposa.cs.berkeley.edu Mariposa Category Database management systems Category Research projects ... more details
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