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Abd Allah ibn Abbas () was a paternal cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He is revered by Muslims for his knowledge and was an expert in Tafsir (exegesis of the Qur'an), as well as an authority on the Islamic Sunnah.
Biography Family He was the son of a wealthy merchant, `Abbas ibn `Abd al-Muttalib, thus he was called "Ibn Abbas", "the son of Abbas". The mother of Ibn Abbas was Umm al-Fadl Lubaba, who prided herself with being the second woman who converted to Islam, on the same day as her close friend Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, Muhammad's wife.[1] The father of Ibn Abbas and the father of Muhammad were both the sons of the same person, Shaiba ibn Hashim, better known as Abdu l-Mu alib. That persons father was Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, the progenitor of the Banu Hashim clan of the distinguished Quraish tribe in Mecca. 610 632: Muhammad's era Ibn Abbas was born in 3 BH (618 619 CE) and his mother took him to Muhammad before he had begun to suckle. Muhammad put some of his saliva on the newborn's tongue, and that was the beginning of the close relationship between those two.[2] While growing up, he was by Muhammad's side doing different services like fetching water for ablution . He would pray with Muhammad and follow him on his assemblies, journeys and expeditions. Muhammad would often draw him close, pat him on the shoulder and pray, "O God! Teach him (the knowledge of) the Book ",[3] and Ibn Abbas devoted his life to the pursuit of learning and knowledge. Ibn Abbas kept following Muhammad, memorizing and learning his teaching.[2] Muhammad's statement In , Muhammad fell into his last illness. During this period, the Hadith of the pen and paper was reported, with Ibn Abbas as the first level narrator, at that time being ten to fifteen years old.[4] Ibn Abbas used to say, "No doubt, it was a great disaster that Allah's Apostle was prevented from writing for them that writing because of their differences and noise." [5] Days after that, Ibn Abbas and Ali supported Muhammad's weight on their shoulder, as Muhammad was too weak to walk around on his own accord.[6] 632 634: Abu Bakr's era Inheritance from Muhammad After Abu Bakr came into power, Ibn Abbas and his father were among them who unsuccessfully requested their part of Muhammad's inheritance, since Abu Bakr said that he heard Muhammad say that prophets do not leave inheritance. Continued education After Muhammad's era, he continued to collect and learn Muhammad's teaching from Muhammad's companions , specially those who knew him the longest. He would consult multiple Sahaba to confirm narrations, and would go to as many as thirty Companions to verify a single matter.[2] Once he heard that a Sahaba knew a hadith unknown to him. Ibn Abbas was not content just to accumulate knowledge, but due to a sense of duty to the ummah, he educated those in search knowledge and the general masses of his community. He turned to teaching and his house became the equivalent of a university in the full sense of the word, with specialized teaching and with him as the only teacher.[2] One of his companions described a typical scene in front of his house: He held classes on one single subject each day, classes on issues such as tafsir, fiqh, halal and Haraam, ghazawa, poetry, Arab history before Islam, inheritance laws, Arabic language and etymology.[2] 634 644: Umar's era Advising Umar Umar often sought the advice Ibn Abbas on important matters of state and described him as a "young man of maturity" [2]: The Sahaba Sa`ad ibn Abi Waqqas said: 656 661: Ali's era Battle of Siffin Ibn Abbas remained a staunch supporter of the final Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib, during Ali's war with Muawiyah, including at the Battle of Siffin. A large group of Ali's armies were discontent with the conclusion of that arbitration, and broke off into a separate group. Ibn Abbas played a key role in convincing a large number of them to return to Ali, 20,000 of 24,000 according to some sources. He did so using his knowledge of Muhammed's biography, in particular, the events of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.[2] 680 683: Yazid's era Sunnis believe that ibn Abbas was for the unity of the Muslims and hence did not revolt against rulers. He advised Husayn ibn Ali against his proposed expedition to Kufa that ended at Karbala. Shias contend that due to coercion and duress he gave an oath of allegiance to Yazid, using Taqiyya. 683 684: Muawiya II's era 684 685: Marwan's era 685 688: Abd al-Malik's era Ibn al-Zubayr and Mut'ah Ibn Abbas became blind during his last years, and Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr sought to mock him in a gathering by stating "some people's hearts are blind like their eyes, since they deem Mut'ah to be permissible". Ibn Abbas rejected his words. Book: Tafseer Al Mazhari 1 / 731 Author: Muhammad Tanullah Ottomani Al Mazhari Muslim narrate from Orwa ibn al-Zubayr that Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr was in Mecca, said: God blind the hearts of people as blinded their eyes, giving advisory opinion he means a man :Ibn Abbas, he was blind in his life, called Ibn Abbas and said: you are impolite, I swear that Mutha was doing at the time of Messenger of Allah peace be upon him said to him, Ibn al-Zubayr try yourself, I swear if you do I will must pelt you with stones, Ibn Abi Amra Ansari, it was a license in the beginning of Islam, for who was compelled, like dead meat, blood and pork and then God ordered and ban it, Al-Bayhaqi report from Al Zohri and said:, Ibn Abbas did not die until he returned for his fatwa of permitting of Mutha, as well as said Abu Awana in his Saheeh, Part 2 Section 2 , p. 77 by dr muhammad usman arif dogar Hadith transmitted by him Ibn Abbas narrated that Mohammed said, "Two favors are treated unjustly by most people: health and free time." from Sahih Bukhari, at-Tirmidhi, ibn Majah and Al-Nasa'i Ibn Abbas reported: Mohammed said, "He who does not memorize any part from the Qur'an he is like the ruined house. from Tirmidhi On the authority of Ibn Abbas, who said, "One day I was behind (i.e. riding behind him on the same mount) the Prophet and he said to me: 'Young man, I shall teach you some words (of advice). Be mindful of Allah, and Allah will protect you. Be mindful of Allah, and you will find Him in front of you. If you ask, ask of Allah; if you seek help, seek help of Allah. Know that if the nation were to gather together to benefit you with anything, it would benefit you only with something that Allah had already prescribed for you, and if they gather together to harm you with anything, they would harm you only with something Allah had already prescribed for you. Then pens have been lifted and the pages have dried. from Tirmidhi, who said it was a good and sound hadith Al Hakim records on the authority of ibn Abbas that Mohammed advanced, carrying upon his neck Hassan ibn Ali, and a man met him and said, 'an excellent steed thou ridest, lad!'. The Mohammed replied, 'and he is an excellent rider.' Legacy As `Abd-Allah's knowledge grew, he grew in stature. Masruq ibn al Ajda said of him: He had a son named Ali ibn Abdullah who died in 118 AH. From Ibn Abbas' lineage came the Abbasid dynasty, which replaced the Umayyad dynasty. Ibn Abbas is highly respected by both Shia and Sunnis, although Shia suffered severe persecution during the Abbasid Dynasty. Views Ibn Abbas viewed that Tafsir can be divided in four categories [7]: - The category the Arabs knew because of its language
- Those of ignorance, of which no one will be excused
- Those the scholars know
- Those no one knows except
Works Students and intellectual heirs Among his students were: Sunni view Sunni view him as the most knowledgeable of the Companions in tafsir.[13] A book entitled Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn Abbas is tafsir, all explanations of which may go back to Ibn Abbas.[2] Of all narrations transmitted by Ibn Abbas, 1660 were considered authentic by the authors of the two Sahihs.[2][14] Regarding Ibn Abbas giving verdicts in favor of Nikah Mut'ah, most Sunnis view that Ali corrected him on the matter, while other view that "Ibn Abbas position on the permissibility of Mut'ah until his last day is proven" per the Hadith of Ibn al-Zubayr and Mut'ah.[15] Sunnis describe thus: Shi'a view Shi'a view Ibn Abbas as one of the better Sahaba, but not reaching the top ranks that was held by Sahaba such as Ammar ibn Yasir. See also References External links ar: az:Abdullah bin Abbas ca:Abd-Al lah ibn Abb s de: Abd All h ibn Abb s fa: fr:Abdullah ibn Abbas id:Abdullah bin Abbas it:Abd Allah ibn 'Abbas he: - ml: ms:Abdullah ibn Abbas no: Abd All h ibn Abb s uz:Abdulloh ibni Abbos ru: sk:Abd All h ibn Abb s so:Cabdullaahi bin Cabbaas R.C. sh:Abdalah ibn Abas su:Abdullah bin Abbas sv:Abdallah ibn al-Abbas tt: tr:Abdullah bin Abbas uk: ur:
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