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Year 1642 (MDCXLII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar. Events <onlyinclude> January–June July–December Date unknown </onlyinclude> Births - January 2 – Mehmed IV, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1693)
- January 11 – Mary Carleton, impostor (d. 1673)
- February 18 – Marie Champmesl , French actress (d. 1698)
- April 15 – Suleiman II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1691)
- June 20 – George Hickes, English minister and scholar (d. 1715)
- August 14 – Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1723)
- November 11 – Andr Charles Boulle, French cabinet-maker (d. 1732)
- December 6 – Johann Christoph Bach, German composer (d. 1703)
- December 25 – Isaac Newton, English scientist (d. 1727)
- December 30 – Vincenzo da Filicaja, Italian poet (d. 1707)
- date unknown
Deaths - January 8 – Galileo Galilei, Italian astronomer and physicist (b. 1564)
- February 7 – William Bedell, English clergyman (b. 1571)
- April 30 – Dmitry Pozharsky, Russian prince (b. 1578)
- July 3 – Marie de' Medici, queen of Henry IV of France (b. 1573)
- August 18 – Guido Reni, Italian painter (b. 1575)
- September 3 – Elisabeth of Nassau, regent of Sedan (b. 1577)
- September 12 – Henri Coiffier de Ruz , Marquis of Cinq-Mars, French conspirator (b. 1620)
- September 29 – Rene Goupil, the first of the Canadian Martyrs (b. 1608)
- October 24 – Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey Fen drainage adventurer and soldier (b. 1583)
- November 1 – Jean Nicolet, French explorer (b. 1598)
- November 7 – Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester, English politician (b. c. 1563)
- December 4 – Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu, French statesman (b. 1585)
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