Year 1799 (MDCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar.

Events

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January–June

• January 9 – British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the Napoleonic Wars.
• March 1 – Federalist James Ross becomes President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate.
• March 7 – Napoleon captures Jaffa in Palestine and his troops proceed to kill more than 2,000 Albanian captives.
• March 22 – Roddy McCorley is executed in the town of Toomebridge by the British for his part in the Irish Rebellion of 1798.
• March 29 – New York passes a law aimed at gradually abolishing slavery in the state.
• May 4 – Battle of Seringapatam: Tippu Sultan is defeated and killed by the British.
• May 21 – Siege of Acre ends after two months: Napoleon's attempt to widen his Middle Eastern campaign into Syria is frustrated by Ottoman forces, and he withdraws to Egypt.
• May 27 – Battle of Winterthur: Habsburg forces secure control of north east Switzerland from the French Army of the Danube.

July–December

The Rosetta Stone

• July 7 – Ranjit Singh's men take their positions outside Lahore.
• July 12 – Ranjit Singh the Great conquers Lahore and becomes ruler of the Punjab.
• July 15 – In the Egyptian port city of Rosetta, French Captain Pierre Bouchard finds the Rosetta Stone.
• July 25 – At Aboukir in Egypt, Napoleon Bonaparte defeats 10,000 Ottoman Mamluk troops under Mustafa Pasha.
• August 27 – The British and Russians send an expedition to the Batavian Republic (now the Netherlands).
• August 30 – British forces under Sir Ralph Abercromby and Admiral Sir Charles Mitchell capture the entire Dutch fleet.
• October 6 – Battle of Castricum: Franco-Dutch forces defeat the Russo-British expedition force.
• October 9 – The HMS Lutine (a famous treasure wreck) is sunk.
• October 18 – Anglo-Russian expedition forces surrender in Holland.
• November 9 – Napoleon overthrows the French Directory.
• December
  • A new constitution is approved in a plebiscite in France.
  • Napoleon becomes First Consul.
• December 14 – George Washington, the first President of the United States, dies in Mount Vernon, Virginia.

Date unknown

• The Place Royale in Paris is renamed Place des Vosges when the Department of Vosges becomes the first to pay new Revolutionary taxes.
• Eli Whitney, holding a 1798 United States government contract for the manufacture of muskets, is introduced by Oliver Wolcott, Jr. to the French concept of interchangeable parts, an origin of the American system of manufacturing.^[1]
• The small town of Tignish, PE, Canada is founded.
• 12-year-old Conrad John Reed finds what he describes as a "heavy yellow rock" along Little Meadow Creek in Cabarrus County, North Carolina and makes it a doorstop in his home. Conrad's father John Reed learns that the rock is actually gold in 1802, initiating the first gold rush in the United States.
• The assassination of the 14th Tu'i Kanokupolu, Tuku aho, plunges Tonga into half a century of civil war.
• The Nawab (provincial governor) of Oudh in northern India sends to George III of England the Padshah Nama, an official history of the reign of Shah Jahan.
• William Cockerill begins building cotton-spinning equipment in Belgium.
• Dutch government takes over Dutch East India Company.

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Births

• January 6 – Jedediah Smith, an American fur trapper and explorer (d. 1831)
• January 31 – Rodolphe T pffer, a Swiss teacher, author, and artist (d. 1846)
• February 4 – Almeida Garrett, a Portuguese writer (d. 1854)
• February 11 – Basil Moreau, the founder of the Congregation of Holy Cross (d. 1873)
• February 14 – Walenty Wa kowicz, a Polish painter (d. 1842)
• March 8 – Simon Cameron, an American politician (d. 1889)
• March 20 – Karl August Nicander, a Swedish poet (d. 1839)
• March 28 – Karl Adolph von Basedow, a German physician, noted for reporting the symptoms of the Graves-Basedow disease (d. 1854)
• March 29 – Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, a Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1869)
• April 12 – Henri Druey, a Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 1855)
• April 17 – Eliza Acton, an English poet and cookery writer (d. 1859)
• May 13 – Catherine Gore, an English author (d. 1861)
• May 20 – Honor de Balzac, a French author (d. 1850)
• May 21 – Mary Anning, a British paleontologist (d. 1847)
• May 25 – Alexei Lvov, a Russian composer (d. 1870)
• June 6 – Aleksandr Pushkin, a Russian author (d. 1837)
• June 18 – Prosper M ni re, a French physician (d. 1862)
• July 4 – King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway (d. 1859)
• September 8 – James Bowman Lindsay, a Scottish inventor (d. 1862)
• September 10 – George Willison Adams, an American abolitionist (d. 1879)
• November 1 – Thomas Baldwin Marsh, an American religious leader (d. 1866)
• November 29 – Amos Bronson Alcott, the father of the novelist Louisa May Alcott (d. 1888)
• December 30 – David Douglas, a Scottish botanist (d. 1834)
• date unknown
  • Patrick MacDowell, an Irish sculptor (d. 1870)
  • James Townsend Saward, an English barrister and forger
  • John Brown Russwurm, an American abolitionist (d. 1851)

Deaths

• January 9 – Maria Gaetana Agnesi, an Italian mathematician (b. 1718)
• January 22 – Horace-B n dict de Saussure, a Swiss aristocrat and alpinist (b. 1740)
• February 6 – tienne-Louis Boull e, a French architect (b. 1728)
• February 7 – Qianlong Emperor of China (b. 1711)
• February 12 – Lazzaro Spallanzani, an Italian biologist and physiologist (b. 1729)
• February 16 – Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria (b. 1724)
• February 19 – Jean-Charles de Borda, a French mathematician, physicist, political scientist, and sailor (b. 1733)
• February 22 – Heshen, a Manchu official under Qianlong (b. 1750)
• February 24 – Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, a German scientist, satirist, and Anglophile (b. 1742)
• April 6 – Alexander Bezborodko, the Grand Chancellor of Russia and the architect of Catherine the Great's foreign policy (b. 1747)
• May 2 – Guemes Padilla Horcasitas, the Viceroy of New Spain (b. 1740)
• May 4 – Tipu Sultan, an Indian ruler (b. 1750)
• May 19 – Pierre Beaumarchais, a French writer (b. 1732)
• May 26 – James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, a Scottish jurist (b. 1714)
• May 31 – Pierre Charles Le Monnier, a French astronomer (b. 1715)
• June 6 – Patrick Henry, an American revolutionary politician and a Governor of Virginia (b. 1736)
• June 10 – Chevalier de Saint-Georges, a French musician born on Guadeloupe (b. 1745)
• June 30 – Francesco Caracciolo, a Neapolitan admiral and revolutionist (b. 1752)
• July 7 – William Curtis, an English botanist and entomologist (b. 1746)
• August 2 – Jacques tienne Montgolfier, a French inventor of the hot-air balloon and a balloonist (b. 1744)
• August 4 – John Bacon, a British sculptor (b. 1740)
• August 5 – Richard Howe, a British admiral (b. 1726)
• August 15 – Barth lemy Catherine Joubert, a French general (b. 1769)
• August 29 – Pope Pius VI a Roman Catholic clergyman (b. 1717)
• August 31 – Nicolas-Henri Jardin, a French architect (b. 1720)
• September 7 – Jan Ingenhousz, a Dutch physician, physiologist, biologist, and chemist (b. 1730)
• October 6 – William Withering, a British physician (b. 1741)
• October 9 – Pigneau de Behaine, the French priest who helped to establish the Nguyen dynasty (b. 1741)
• October 24 – Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf, an Austrian composer (b. 1739)
• December 6 – Joseph Black, a Scottish physician, physicist, and chemist (b. 1728)
• December 14 – George Washington, the military leader of the American Revolution, president of the Constitutional Convention (1787), and the first President of the United States (1791 98) (b. 1732)
• December 31 – Jean-Fran ois Marmontel, a French historian and writer (b. 1723)

References

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