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Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar and a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. Texas]]. Events January–March March 6: Battle of the Alamo. April–June July–September Sam Houston. Darwin]]. October–December HMS Beagle]]. - October 2 – Charles Darwin returns to England aboard with biological data he will later use to develop his theory of evolution.
- October 13 – Theodor Fliedner, a Lutheran minister, and Friederike, his wife, open the Deaconess Home and Hospital at Kaiserswerth, Germany, as an institute to train women in nursing.
- October 22 – Sam Houston is inaugurated as first elected President of the Republic of Texas.
- October 24 – The earliest United States patent for a phosphorus friction match is granted to Alonzo Dwight Phillips of Springfield, Massachusetts.
- October 25 – Construction begins on the Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad in North Carolina. Due to a lack of support in Raleigh, the route is revised to run from Wilmington to the Petersburg Railroad in Weldon.[3]
- December 4 – Whig Party holds its first national convention, in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
- December 7 – United States presidential election, 1836: Martin Van Buren defeats William Henry Harrison.
- December 15 – The United States Patent Office burns in Washington, D.C.
- December 26 – The colony of South Australia is officially proclaimed (now celebrated in the state of South Australia as Proclamation Day).
- December 27 – Lewes avalanche: An avalanche at Lewes in Sussex, England, kills eight of fifteen people buried when a row of cottages is engulfed in snow.
- December 28 – Spain recognizes the independence of Mexico.
- December 28 – Colony of South Australia founded by Captain John Hindmarsh
- December 30 – In Saint Petersburg, the Lehman Theater catches fire, killing 800 people.
Date unknown Births January–June - January 2 – Mendele Moykher Sforim, Russian Yiddish writer (d. 1917)
- January 10 – Charles Phillip Ingalls, Pioneer father of author Laura Ingalls Wilder (d. June 8, 1902)
- January 14 – Henri Fantin-Latour, French painter (d. 1904)
- January 27 – Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Austrian writer (d. 1895)
- February 16 – Robert Halpin, Irish mariner and cable layer (d. 1894)
- February 18 – Ramakrishna Paramhansa, Bengali religious leader (d. 1886)
- February 21 – L o Delibes, French composer (d. 1891)
- February 24 – Winslow Homer, American painter (d. 1910)
- March 12 – Isabella Beeton, British cook and expert on household management (d. 1865)
- March 20
- April 27 – Major Charles Bendire, U.S. Army captain and ornithologist (d. 1897)
- May 23 – Touch the Clouds, native American chieftain of Teton Lakota Sioux.
- May 27 – Jay Gould, American financier (d. 1892)
- May 28
- May 31 – Jules Ch ret, French printmaker (d. 1932)
<gallery> Goliad Massacre </gallery> July–December - July 8 – Joseph Chamberlain, British politician (d. 1914)
- July 9 – Camille de Renesse, Belgian Count (d. 1904)
- August 13 – Bishop Nikolai of Japan, Russian Orthodox priest (d. 1912)
- August 25 – Bret Harte, American writer (d. 1902)
- September 7 – Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1908)
- September 10 – Joseph Wheeler, American general and politician (d. 1906)
- September 11 – Fitz Hugh Ludlow, American author (d. 1870)
- September 17 – William Jackson Palmer, founder of Colorado Springs, Colorado (d. 1909)
- September 26 – Thomas Crapper, plumber, inventor (d. 1910)
- October 15 – James Tissot, French artist (d. 1902)
- November 11 – Thomas Bailey Aldrich, American poet and novelist (d. 1907)
- November 18 – W. S. Gilbert, British playwright and librettist best known for his collaborations with Arthur Sullivan (d. 1911)
Deaths January–June - January 1 – Bernhard Meyer, German physician and ornithologist (b. 1767)
- January 11 – John Molson, Canadian entrepreneur (b. 1763)
- January 21 – Ferenc Nov k Hungarian Slovene writer (b. 1791)
- January 30 – Betsy Ross, Made the first American flag (b. 1752)
- January 31 – John Cheyne (physician), British physician, surgeon and author (b. 1777)
- February 18 – Cornplanter, Seneca chief (b. 1750)
- March 6 (at the Alamo)
- March 16 – Nathaniel Bowditch, American mathematician (b. 1773)
- March 27 – James Fannin, Texas Revolutionary (b. 1804)
- April 29 – Simon Kenton, frontiersman; American Revolutionary militia general (b. 1755)
- June 10 – Andr -Marie Amp re, physicist (b. 1775)
- June 28 – James Madison, 4th President of the United States (b. 1751)
July–December - August 21 – Claude-Louis Navier, French engineer and physicist (b. 1785)
- August 26 – Jeremiah Colegrove, Continental Army officer (b. 1758)
- September 5 – Ferdinand Raimund, Austrian playwright (b. 1790)
- September 12 – Christian Dietrich Grabbe, German playwright (b. 1801)
- September 14 – Aaron Burr, Vice President of the United States (b. 1756)
- September 17 – Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, French botanist (b. 1748)
- November – Tenskwatawa, Shawnee prophet and political leader (b. 1775)
- November 5 – Karel Hynek M cha, Czech poet (b. 1810)
- November 6 – King Charles X of France (b. 1757)
- November 16 – Christian Hendrik Persoon, Dutch mycologist (b. 1761)
- December 27 – Stephen F. Austin, American pioneer (b. 1793)
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