The year 1877 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Events

• June 19 - Eadweard Muybridge successfully produces a fast-motion sequence of photographs showing a horse in movement, Sallie Gardner at a Gallop, using multiple cameras at Palo Alto, California, demonstrating that a running horse has all four legs lifted off the ground at once. The sequence could be run on a Zoopraxiscope.^[1]

History of science

• Dr. August Eisenlohr publishes the first translation and study of the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus.^[2]
• American railroad lawyer and ethnologist Lewis H. Morgan publishes Ancient Society, linking social progress with technological change.

Mathematics

• George Cantor advances the continuum hypothesis.

Medicine

• October 2 - Berlin urologist Maximilian Nitze and Viennese instrument-maker Josef Leiter introduce the first practical cystourethroscope with an electric light source.^[3]
• William Macewen at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary develops the first bone grafts, and also performs knee surgery using a special instrument (Macewen's osteotome), for the treatment of rickets
• Patrick Manson studies animal carriers of infectious diseases.

Technology

• November 4 - Opening of Gustave Eiffel's Maria Pia Bridge carrying the railway across the Douro into Porto, Portugal.

Publications

• Zeitschrift f r Physiologische Chemie is founded by Felix Hoppe-Seyler.

Awards

• Copley Medal: James Dwight Dana
• Wollaston Medal: Robert Mallet

Births

• February 7 - G. H. Hardy (died 1947), mathematician.
• April 5 - Walter Sutton (died 1916), geneticist and surgeon.
• September 2 - Frederick Soddy (died 1956), physical chemist.
• September 11 - James Hopwood Jeans (died 1946), mathematician.
• September 13 - Wilhelm Filchner (died 1957), explorer.
• October 21 - Oswald Theodore Avery (died 1955), bacteriologist.
• October 25 - Henry Norris Russell (died 1957), astronomer.

Deaths

• January 12 - Wilhelm Friedrich Benedikt Hofmeister (born 1824), German botanist.
• February 8 - Charles Wilkes (died 1798), American navigator.
• June 3 - Ludwig von K chel (born 1800), Austrian musicologist and botanist.
• September 17 - H. Fox Talbot (born 1800), English pioneer of photography.
• September 23 - Urbain Le Verrier (born 1811), French astronomer.
• September 26 - Hermann G nther Grassmann (born 1809), German mathematician.

References

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