The year 1893 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Biology

• July 11 - Kokichi Mikimoto, in Japan, develops the method to seed and grow cultured pearls.
• Henry Luke Bolley discovers a method of treating smut with formaldehyde.

Earth sciences

• Eduard Suess postulates the former existence of the Tethys Sea.

Exploration

• Mary Kingsley lands in Sierra Leone on the first of her journeys through Africa in the interests of anthropology and natural history.

Medicine

• July 9 - Daniel H. Williams completes the first successful open heart surgery.
• October 5 - Johns Hopkins Medical School opens in the United States.
• Emil Kraepelin introduces the concept of dementia praecox in the classification of mental disorders, distinguishing it from mood disorder in his Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie (4th edition).
• d m Politzer describes otosclerosis for the first time.
• Vladimir Bekhterev describes Ankylosing spondylitis.^[1]

Physics

• Wilhelm Wien formulates Wien's displacement law.

Technology

• January 2 - Webb C. Ball introduces railroad chronometers which become the general railroad timepiece standards in North America.
• February 1 - Thomas Edison finishes construction of the first motion picture studio in West Orange, New Jersey.
• February 11 - J nos Csonka and Don t B nki apply for a patent for the carburetor in Hungary.^[2][3]
• February 23 - Rudolf Diesel receives a patent for the diesel engine. In this year he also publishes his treatise Theorie und Konstruktion eines rationellen W rmemotors zum Ersatz der Dampfmaschine und der heute bekannten Verbrennungsmotoren.
• February 28 - Edward Goodrich Acheson patents the method for making the abrasive silicon carbide powder.^[4]
• May 9 - Edison's 1 inch system of Kinetoscope is first demonstrated in public at the Brooklyn Institute.
• May - William Scherzer (dies July 20, 1893) files a patent for his design of rolling lift bridge.^[5]
• June 21 - The first Ferris Wheel opens to the public at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago.^[6][7]
• August 17 - Wilhelm Maybach patents the spray nozzle carburetor in France.^[3]

Awards

• Copley Medal: George Gabriel Stokes
• Wollaston Medal for Geology: Nevil Story Maskelyne

Births

• February 3 - Gaston Julia (died 1978), French mathematician.
• April 29 - Harold Urey (died 1981), American winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
• April 30 - Roy Chadwick (died 1947), English aircraft designer.
• June 13 - Alan A. Griffith (died 1963), English stress engineer.
• August 5 - Sydney Camm (died 1966), English aircraft designer.
• August 15 - Leslie Comrie (died 1950), New Zealand astronomer and computing pioneer.
• August 24 - Haim Ernst Wertheimer (died 1978) German Jewish biochemist.
• August 25 - Henry Trendley Dean (died 1962), American dental researcher.
• September 16 - Albert Szent-Gy rgyi (died 1986), Hungarian physiologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
• October 23 - Ernst pik (died 1985), Estonian astronomer and astrophysicist.
• November 3 - Edward Adelbert Doisy (died 1986), American biochemist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Deaths

• January 2 - John Obadiah Westwood (born 1805), English entomologist.
• January 7 - Jo ef Stefan (born 1835), Slovenian physicist and mathematician.
• August 16 - Jean-Martin Charcot (born 1825), French neurologist.
• December 4 - John Tyndall (born 1820), British physicist.
• December 6 - Rudolf Wolf (born 1816), Swiss astronomer
• December 28 - Richard Spruce (born 1817), English botanist.

References

fr:1893 en science he:1893 mk:1893 no:Vitenskaps ret 1893 nn:Vitskap i 1893 sv:Vetenskaps ret 1893