The year 1895 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Biology

• David Bruce discovers the Trypanosoma parasite carried by the tsetse fly which causes the fatal cattle disease nagana.^[1][2]

Chemistry

• March 26 - Scottish chemist William Ramsay isolates helium on Earth by treating the mineral cleveite.^{[3][4][5][6][7]} These samples are identified as helium by Norman Lockyer and William Crookes. It is independently isolated from cleveite in the same year by Per Teodor Cleve and Abraham Langlet in Uppsala, Sweden, who determine its atomic weight.^[8][9][10]

Ecology

• Eugen Warming publishes Plantesamfund (translated as Oecology of Plants, 1909) and founds the scientific discipline ecology.

Medicine

• The term naturopathy is coined by Dr John Scheel.^[11]

Physics

• May 7 - Alexander Stepanovich Popov demonstrates a radio receiver (containing a coherer) refined as a lightning detector to the Russian Physico-Chemical Society, recognized as the first practical application of electromagnetic waves.^[12]
• November 8 - Wilhelm R ntgen discovers a type of electromagnetic radiation which he calls X-rays.^[13]

Psychiatry

• Sigmund Freud and Josef Breuer publish Studien ber Hysterie (Studies on Hysteria).

Technology

• May 6 - The Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad is opened in Chicago^[14] as the first electrically operated rapid transit system in the United States, including the first completed Scherzer rolling lift bridge.^[15]
• Ernest A. Hummel invents the telediagraph.

Other events

• July 25 - Maria Sk odowska marries Pierre Curie in the town hall at Sceaux.
• Publication of the first of H. G. Wells' "scientific romances", the novella The Time Machine, in London.

Awards

• Copley Medal: Karl Weierstrass
• Wollaston Medal for Geology: Archibald Geikie

Births

• May 20 - R. J. Mitchell (died 1937), English aeronautical engineer.
• October 19 - Lewis Mumford (died 1990), American historian & philosopher of science.
• October 22 - Rolf Nevanlinna (died 1980), Finnish mathematician.
• October 23 - Hans Ferdinand Mayer (died 1980), German physicist.
• October 30 - Gerhard Domagk (died 1964), German winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Deaths

• January 26 - Arthur Cayley (born 1821), English mathematician.
• April 11 - Lothar Meyer (born 1830), German chemist.
• June 29 - Sir Thomas Henry Huxley (born 1825), English biologist.
• August 10 - Felix Hoppe-Seyler (born 1825), German physiologist.
• August 26 - Friedrich Miescher (born 1844), Swiss biologist.
• September 28 - Louis Pasteur (born 1822), French biologist.

References

fr:1895 en science he:1895 mk:1895 no:Vitenskaps ret 1895 nn:Vitskap i 1895 pt:1895 na ci ncia sv:Vetenskaps ret 1895