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Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events January February March April May June July August September - September 1 – The Great Kant earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing an estimated 142,807 people, but according to a Japanese construction research center report in 2005, 105,000 are confirmed dead.
- September 4 – In Lakehurst, New Jersey, the first American airship, the USS Shenandoah, takes to the sky for the first time.
- September 6 – The Italian navy occupies Corfu in retaliation for the murder of an Italian officer. The League of Nations protests and they leave on September 29.
- September 7 – International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC) created.
- September 8 – Honda Point Disaster: Seven U.S. Navy destroyers run aground off the California coast.
- September 9 – Turkish head of state Atat rk founds the CHP.
- September 10 – Ireland joins the League of Nations.
- September 13 – Military coup in Spain: Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship. Trade unions are banned for 10 years.
- September 17 – A major fire in Berkeley, California erupts, consuming some 640 structures, including 584 homes in the densely built neighborhoods north of the campus of the University of California.
- September 18 – September 26 – Newspaper printers strike in New York.
- September 24 – Second hurricane of the season, a major hurricane north of Hispaniola.
- September 26 – In Bavaria, Gustav Ritter von Kahr declares independence from Berlin.
- September 30 – Outside Berlin, Major Ernst von Buchrucker, the leader of the Black Reichswehr attempts a putsch by seizing several forts.
October Kemal Atat rk]]. November December Date unknown Births January–February - January 1
- January 5 – Sam Phillips, American record producer (d. 2003)
- January 6 – Jacobo Timerman, Argentine writer (d. 1999)
- January 7 – Hugh Kenner, Canadian literary critic (d. 2003)
- January 8
- January 11 – Ernst Nolte, German historian
- January 12 – Ira Hayes, U.S. Marine flag raiser on Iwo Jima (d. 1955)
- January 16
- January 19 – Jean Stapleton, American actress (All In The Family)
- January 22 – Diana Douglas, American actress
- January 23
- January 25 – Arvid Carlsson, Swedish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- January 26 – Anne Jeffreys, American actress
- January 29 – Paddy Chayefsky, American writer (d. 1981)
- January 31 – Norman Mailer, American writer and journalist (d. 2007)
- February 2
- February 3 – Edith Barney, American female professional baseball player (d. 2010)
- February 4 – Conrad Bain, Canadian-born actor
- February 7 – George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood and first grandchild of King George V (d. 2011)
- February 9 – Brendan Behan, Irish author (d. 1964)
- February 10 – Cesare Siepi, Italian opera singer (d. 2010)
- February 12 – Franco Zeffirelli, Italian film and opera director
- February 13
- February 17 – Jun Fukuda, Japanese film director (d. 2000)
- February 20 – Forbes Burnham, President of Guyana (d. 1985)
- February 22 – Norman Smith (record producer) English singer and record producer (d. 2008)
- February 23 – Mary Francis Shura, American writer (d. 1991)
- February 24 – David Soyer, American cellist (d. 2010)
- February 27 – Dexter Gordon, American jazz saxophone player (d. 1990)
- February 28
March–April - March 4 – Sir Patrick Moore, British astronomer and broadcaster
- March 6
- March 7 – Mahlon Clark, American musician (d. 2007)
- March 8 – Louk Hulsman, Dutch criminologist (d. 2009)
- March 9 – Walter Kohn, Austrian-born physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- March 10 – Val Logsdon Fitch, American nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- March 12
- March 14 – Diane Arbus, American photographer (d. 1971)
- March 21
- March 22 – Marcel Marceau, world renowned French mime (d. 2007)
- March 24
- March 25 – Wim van Est, Dutch cyclist (d. 2003)
- March 26 – Bob Elliott, American comedian
- March 27 – Louis Simpson, Jamaican-born poet
- March 28 – Thad Jones, American jazz musician (d. 1986)
- March 30 – Milton Acorn, Canadian writer (d. 1986)
- April 2
- April 4 – Peter Vaughan, English actor
- April 6 – Ramon Valdes, Mexican comedian (d. 1988)
- April 8
- April 13 – Don Adams, American actor and comedian (Get Smart) (d. 2005)
- April 20
- April 22
- April 23 – Dolph Briscoe, Governor of Texas (d. 2010)
- April 25 – Albert King, American musician (d. 1992)
- April 30
May–June - May 1 – Joseph Heller, American novelist (Catch-22) (d. 1999)
- May 2 – Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (d. 2008)
- May 3 – Ralph Hall, American politician
- May 4
- May 5 – Richard Wollheim, British philosopher (d. 2003)
- May 7 – Anne Baxter, American actress (d. 1985)
- May 10 – Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan from June 1993 to October 2003 (d. 2003)
- May 11 – Louise Arnold, American female professional baseball player (d. 2010)
- May 15
- May 16 – Merton Miller, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2000)
- May 18 – Hugh Shearer, Prime Minister of Jamaica (d. 2004)
- May 21
- May 23 – Kalidas Shrestha, Nepalese artist
- May 26
- May 27 – Henry Kissinger, United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- May 28
- May 31 – Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (d. 2005)
- June 4 – Elizabeth Jolley, Australian writer (d. 2007)
- June 10 – Robert Maxwell, Slovakian-born media entrepreneur (d. 1991)
- June 15 – Johnny Most, American basketball radio announcer (d. 1993)
- June 20 – Bj rn Watt-Boolsen, Danish actor (d. 1998)
- June 23 – Giuseppina Tuissi, Italian resistance member (d. 1945)
- June 24 – Jack Carter, American comedian
- June 25 – Sam Francis, American painter (d. 1994)
- June 27 – Gus Zernial, American baseball player and sports commentator (d. 2011)
- June 28 – Daniil Khrabrovitsky, Soviet film director (d. 1980)
July–August - July 2 – Wis awa Szymborska, Polish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)
- July 4 – Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss Federal Councilor
- July 6 – Wojciech Jaruzelski, Polish Communist politician, Prime Minister and President of Poland
- July 8 – Harrison Dillard, American athlete
- July 10 – John Bradley, U.S. Navy flag raiser on Iwo Jima (d. 1994)
- July 17 – Enrique Angelelli, Argentine bishop (d. 1976)
- July 18 – Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (d. 1997)
- July 20 – Stanis aw Albinowski, Polish economist and journalist (d. 2005)
- July 21 – Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- July 22
- July 23
- July 28 – H.S.S. Lawrence, Indian educator (d. 2009)
- July 29 – Jim Marshall, founder of Marshall Amplification (d. 2012)
- August 2 – Shimon Peres, Prime Minister of Israel, President of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- August 3
- August 5 – Devan Nair, third President of Singapore (d. 2005)
- August 6 – Moira Lister, Anglo-South African film, stage and television actress (d. 2007)
- August 16 – Mill r Fernandes, Brazilian cartoonist and playwright (d. 2012)
- August 20 – Jim Reeves, American country singer (d. 1964)
- August 21 – Larry Grayson, British comedian and game show host (d. 1995)
- August 23 – Henry F. Warner, American soldier, Medal of Honor (d. 1944)
- August 24 – Arthur Jensen, American educational psychologist
- August 26 – Wolfgang Sawallisch, German conductor and pianist
- August 29
September–October - September 1
- September 3 – Mort Walker, American cartoonist (Beetle Bailey)
- September 6 – King Peter II of Yugoslavia (d. 1970)
- September 7 – Madeleine Dring, British composer and actress (d. 1977)
- September 9 – Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2008)
- September 16 – Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore
- September 17 – Hank Williams, American country musician (d. 1953)
- September 18 – Queen Anne of Romania
- September 20 – Geraldine Clinton Little, Irish-born poet (d. 1997)
- September 22 – Dannie Abse, Welsh poet
- September 26 – Dev Anand, Legendary Indian actor, film producer, writer and director (d. 2011)
- October 3 – Edward Oliver LeBlanc, Dominican politician (d. 2004)
- October 4 – Charlton Heston, American actor (The Ten Commandments) (d. 2008)
- October 5
- October 10
- October 13 – Faas Wilkes, Dutch football (soccer) player (d. 2006)
- October 15 – Italo Calvino, Italian writer (d. 1985)
- October 17 – Charles McClendon, Hall of Fame college football coach (d. 2001)
- October 23
- October 24 – Denise Levertov, British-born American poet (d. 1997)
- October 25 – J. Esmonde Barry, Canadian healthcare activist and political commentator (d. 2007)
November–December - November 1
- November 2 – Cesare Rubini, Italian basketball player and coach (d. 2011)
- November 3 – Tom s Fiaich, Northern Irish cardinal (d. 1990)
- November 5 – Kay Lionikas, Greek-American female professional baseball player (d. 1978)
- November 8 – Jack Kilby, American electrical engineer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 2005)
- November 13 – Linda Christian, Mexican film actress (d. 2011)
- November 17 – Aristides Maria Pereira, President of Cape Verde (d. 2011)
- November 18 – Alan Shepard, first American astronaut (d. 1998)
- November 20 – Nadine Gordimer, South African writer, Nobel Prize laureate
- November 22 – Arthur Hiller, Canadian film director
- November 23 – Billy Haughton, American harness driver and trainer (d. 1986)
- November 25 – Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland
- November 26 – Pat Phoenix, British actress (d. 1986)
- December 1 – Stansfield Turner, American admiral and Director of Central Intelligence
- December 2 – Maria Callas, Greek soprano (d. 1977)
- December 3
- December 5 – Eleanor Dapkus, American female professional baseball player (d. 2011)
- December 12 – Bob Barker, American game show host (The Price Is Right)
- December 13
- December 14
- December 15 – Freeman Dyson, English-born physicist
- December 17 – Jaroslav Pelikan, American historian (d. 2006)
- December 19 – Gordon Jackson, Scottish actor (d. 1990)
- December 23 – James Stockdale, U.S. Navy admiral and vice presidential candidate (d. 2005)
- December 24 – George Patton IV, American general (d. 2004)
- December 25
- December 27 – Lucas Mangope, President of Bophuthatswana Bantustan
Date unknown Deaths January–June - January 3 – Jaroslav Hasek, Czech writer (b. 1883)
- January 9
- January 11 – Constantine I of Greece, King of Greece (b. 1868)
- January 18 – Wallace Reid, American actor (b. 1891)
- January 23 – Max Nordau, Hungarian author, philosopher, and Zionist leader (b. 1849)
- January 31 – Eligiusz Niewiadomski, Polish artist, political activist and assassin (executed) (b. 1869)
- February 3 – Kuroki Tamemoto, Japanese military leader (b. 1844)
- February 10 – Wilhelm R ntgen, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
- February 23 – Th ophile Delcass , French statesman (b. 1852)
- March 8 – Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1837)
- March 26 – Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (b. 1844)
- March 27 – Sir James Dewar, Scottish chemist (b. 1842)
- March 28 – Michel-Joseph Maunoury, French general (b. 1847)
- April 4 – John Venn, British mathematician (b. 1834)
- April 5 – George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, English financier of Egyptian excavations (b. 1866)
- April 23 – Princess Louise of Prussia, Grand Duchess of Baden (b. 1838)
- June 9 – Princess Helena of the United Kingdom, third daughter of Queen Victoria (b. 1846)
- June 10 – Pierre Loti, French writer and naval officer (b. 1850)
- June 24 – Edith S dergran, Finnish author (b. 1892)
July–December - July 10 – Albert Chevalier, English music hall comedian (b. 1861)
- July 20 – Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1878)
- August 2 – Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States (b. 1865)
- August 23 – Henry C. Mustin, American naval aviation pioneer (b. 1874)
- August 24 – Kato Tomosaburo, 21st Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1861)
- September 9 – Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca, 8th President of Brazil (b. 1855)
- September 23
- October 30 – Andrew Bonar Law, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1858)
- November 9 (among those killed in Munich Beer Hall Putsch):
- November 14 – Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover (b. 1845)
- November 19 – Lee Stack, British army officer and Governor-General of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (b. 1899)
- November 30 – Martha Mansfield, American actress (b. 1899)
- December 12 – Raymond Radiguet, French author (b. 1903)
- December 13 – Th ophile Steinlen, Swiss painter (b. 1859)
- December 22 – Georg Luger, German firearms designer (b. 1849)
- December 27 – Gustave Eiffel, French engineer and architect (Eiffel tower) (b. 1832)
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