1932 in science in Encyclopedia

1932 in science

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1932 in science

The year 1932 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Estonian astronomer Ernst pik postulates that long-period comets originate in an orbiting cloud (the pik Oort cloud) at the outermost edge of the Solar System.^[1]

English geneticist C. D. Darlington publishes Recent Advances in Cytology, describing the mechanics of chromosomal crossover^[2] and its role in evolutionary science.
English geneticist J. B. S. Haldane publishes The Causes of Evolution, unifying the findings of Mendelian genetics with those of evolutionary science.
American physiologist Walter Bradford Cannon publishes The Wisdom of the Body, developing and popularising the concept of homeostasis.

Braggite is first described, the first mineral discovered with the assistance of X rays.^[3]^[4]

Menger-N beling theorem.
John von Neumann makes foundational contributions to ergodic theory in a series of papers.^[5]^[6]^[7]
December - Marian Rejewski of the Polish Biuro Szyfr w applies pure mathematics – permutation group theory – to breaking the German armed forces' Enigma machine ciphers.^[8]^[9]

January 5 - The pathology of Cushing's syndrome is first described by Harvey Cushing.^[10]^[11]
Jewish-American gastroenterologist Burrill Bernard Crohn and colleagues describe a series of patients with "regional ileitis", inflammation of the terminal ileum, the area most commonly affected by the condition which will become known as Crohn's disease.^[12]
Rudolph Schindler introduces the first semi-flexible gastroscope, in Germany.^[13]
Commencement of the 40-year Tuskegee syphilis experiment by the U.S. Public Health Service to study the natural progression of untreated syphilis in poor African-American sharecroppers in Alabama without their informed consent.^[14]
First published use of the term Medical genetics, in an article by Madge Macklin.^[15]
Gerhard Domagk develops a chemotherapeutic cure for streptococcus

Albert Szent-Gy rgyi and Charles Glen King identify hexuronic acid as an anti-scorbutic.
December 25 - IG Farben file a patent application in Germany for the medical application of the first sulfonamide drug, Sulfonamidochrysoidine (KI-730; which will be marketed as Prontosil), following Gerhard Domagk's laboratory demonstration of its properties as an antibiotic.^[16]

James Chadwick discovers the neutron.^[17]^[18] Werner Heisenberg explains its symmetries by introducing the concept of isospin.^[19]

The positron is observed by Carl Anderson.^[20]
The Kennedy-Thorndike experiment shows that measured time as well as length are affected by motion, in accordance with the theory of special relativity.^[21]
John von Neumann rigorously establishes a mathematical framework for quantum mechanics in Mathematische Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik.