The year 1975 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy and space exploration

• April 19 - Aryabhata, India's first satellite, is launched using Soviet boosters.
• July 17 - Apollo-Soyuz Test Project: An American Apollo and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock with each other in orbit marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations.
• August 20 - Viking program: NASA launches the Viking 1 planetary probe toward Mars.

Biology

• August 7 - C sar Milstein and Georges K hler report their discovery of how to use hybridoma cells to isolate monoclonal antibodies, effectively beginning the history of monoclonal antibody use in science.^[1][2]
• Living specimens of the Chacoan Peccary (Catagonus wagneri), previously known to scientists only from fossils, are identified in Paraguay.^[3]

Climatology

• August 8 - The term global warming is probably first used in its modern sense by Wallace Smith Broecker.^[4][5][6]

Computer science

• January - Altair 8800 is released, sparking the era of the microcomputer.
• March 5 - hackers in Silicon Valley hold the first meeting of the Homebrew Computer Club.
• April 4 - Bill Gates and Paul Allen form a company at this time called Micro Soft in Albuquerque, New Mexico, to develop and sell BASIC interpreter software for the Altair 8800.

Mathematics

• Benoit Mandelbrot coins the term fractal.
• Harada Norton group discovered.^[7][8]

Medicine

• Mini mental state examination (MMSE) or Folstein test introduced to screen for dementia or other cognitive dysfunction.^[9]

Awards

• Nobel Prizes
  • Physics - Aage Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson, James Rainwater
  • Chemistry - John Warcup Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog
  • Medicine - David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard Martin Temin
• Turing Award - Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon

Births

• July 17 - Terence Tao, Australian-born mathematician.

Deaths

• February 14 - Sir Julian Huxley (b. 1887), English biologist and author.
• May 14 - Ernst Alexanderson (b. 1878), Swedish American television pioneer.
• June 27 - Sir Geoffrey Taylor (b. 1886), English physicist.

References

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