The year 1999 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Aeronautics

• February 27 While trying to circumnavigate the world in a hot air balloon, Colin Prescot and Andy Elson set a new endurance record after being in a hot air balloon for 233 hours and 55 minutes.
• March 3 Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones begin their attempt to circumnavigate the world in a hot air balloon without stopping. Their journey ended in success on March 20.

Astronomy and space exploration

Total solar eclipse of August 11, viewed from France

• January 31 A total penumbral lunar eclipse
• February 7 Stardust is launched on a mission to collect samples of a comet coma, and return them to Earth.
• February 16 Annular solar eclipse, visible from Australia.
• July 20 Mercury program: Liberty Bell 7 is raised from the Atlantic Ocean.
• July 28 Partial lunar eclipse, visible from Australia, eastern Asia, and western North America.
• July 31 NASA intentionally crashes the Lunar Prospector spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the moon's surface.
• August 11 Total solar eclipse, visible from Europe, across the Middle East, and ending in India.
• December 16 The Beethoven Burst (GRB 991216) is one of the most powerful detected Gamma-ray bursts.
• NASA loses two Mars probes, the Mars Climate Orbiter and the Mars Polar Lander.
• The Subaru 8.3 m and Gemini North 8.1 m reflecting telescopes open at the Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii.
• The Cetus Dwarf galaxy is discovered.

Biology

• November 1 Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds comes into force.
• The bacterium Thiomargarita namibiensis is discovered off the coast of Namibia. At 0.3mm in diameter, it is largest bacteria discovered.

Chemistry

• Ununoctium and Ununhexium are made for the first time. Later retracted when results could not be replicated.

Computer science

• March 26 The Melissa worm attacks the Internet.
• June RFC 2616 defines HTTP/1.1, the version of Hypertext Transfer Protocol in common use.
• First working 3-qubit NMR computer demonstrated at IBM's Almaden Research Center. First execution of Grover's algorithm.

Geology

• January 25 A 6.0 Richter scale earthquake hits western Colombia, killing at least 1,000.
• August 17 A 7.4-magnitude earthquake strikes northwestern Turkey, killing more than 17,000 and injuring 44,000.

Mathematics

• Eric M. Rains and Neil Sloane extend tree counting.^[1]

Physics

• CERN: Bulgaria becomes a member of CERN.

Telecommunications

• The first BlackBerry is released, using the same hardware as the Inter@ctive pager 950, and running on the Mobitex network.

Awards

• Nobel Prizes
  • Physics Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman
  • Chemistry Ahmed H. Zewail
  • Medicine G nter Blobel
• Turing Award: Fred Brooks
• Wollaston Medal for Geology: John Frederick Dewey

Births

Deaths

• February 25 Glenn T. Seaborg (b. 1912), American physical chemist, Nobel laureate in Chemistry
• May 8 Edward Abraham (b. 1913), English biochemist.
• May 26 Waldo Semon (b. 1898), American inventor.
• November 11 Vivian Fuchs (d. 1908), English geologist and explorer.

References

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