19 (number) in Encyclopedia

19 (number)

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19 (number)

19 (nineteen) is the natural number following 18 and preceding 20. It is a prime number.

In English speech, the numbers 19 and 90 are often confused, as sounding very similar. When carefully enunciated, they differ in which syllable is stressed: 19 vs 90 . However, in dates such as 1999, and when contrasting numbers in the teens and when counting, such as 17, 18, 19, the stress shifts to the first syllable: 19 .

Mathematics
Technology
Science
Religion

Islam
Baha'i faith

Music
Literature
Games
Age 19
Cars
Other fields
Historical years
References
External links

Mathematics

19 is a centered triangular number 19 is the 8th smallest prime number. The sequence continues 23, 29, 31, 37...

19 is the seventh Mersenne prime exponent.

19 is the aliquot sum of two odd discrete semiprimes, 65 and 77 and is the base of the 19-aliquot tree.

19 is a centered triangular number, centered hexagonal number and a Heegner number.

You can make the number 19 by adding or subtracting but not multiplying (whole numbers), 19 can also be made by division.

The only non-trivial normal magic hexagon contains 19 hexagons (the other being 1).

19 is the first number with more than one digit that can be written from base 2 to base 19 using only the digits 0 to 9; the other number is 20.^[1]

Technology

19 is The TCP/IP port used for chargen.

Science

The atomic number of potassium

Religion

Islam

The number of angels guarding Hell ("Hellfire") according to the Qur'an: "Over it is nineteen" (74:30).
The Number of Verse and Sura together in the Qur'an which announces Jesus son of Maryam's (Mary's) birth (Qur'an 19:19).
Some people have claimed that patterns of the number 19 are present an unusual number of times in the Qur'an.http://miraclesofthequran.com/mathematical_03.html http://19.org/478/nineteen-gods-signature-in-nature-and-scripture-examples/

Baha'i faith

In the B b and Bah ' faiths, a group of 19 is called a V hid, a Unity (Arabic: w hid, "one"). The numerical value of this word in the Abjad numeral system is 19.

The Bah ' calendar is structured such that a year contains 19 months of 19 days each (along with the intercalary period of Ayy m-i-H ), as well as a 19-year cycle and a 361-year (19x19) supercycle.
The B b and his disciples formed a group of 19.
There were 19 Apostles of Bah 'u'll h.

Music

19 is the debut album from English soul and jazz singer Adele.
19 is the fourth studio album from Russian pop singer Alsou.
19 is Evan Yo's first album, because Yo was nineteen years old when the album was released.
"19" is a 1985 song by Paul Hardcastle, including sampled soundbites taken from a documentary about the Vietnam War in which 19 is claimed to have been the average age of United States soldiers killed in the conflict (an assertion which is widely disputed).^[2] The song was parodied by British satirist Rory Bremner under the pseudonym 'The Commentators,' as N-n-nineteen, Not Out, the title referring to the batting average of David Gower, the England cricket captain, during his side's risible performance against the West Indies in 1984 when they lost 5-0.

With a similar name and anti-Vietnam War theme, "I Was Only Nineteen" by the Australian group Redgum reached number one on the Australian charts in 1983. In 2005 a hip hop version of the song was produced by The Herd.
Other songs titled 19:
- "Nineteen" by Bad4good
- "Nineteen" by Buck-O-Nine
- "Nineteen" by Phil Lynott
- "Nineteen" by the Old 97's
- "Nineteen" by Tegan and Sara
- "Nineteen" by Phil Lynott

Nineteen has been used as an alternative to twelve for a division of the octave into equal parts. This idea goes back to Salinas in the sixteenth century, and is interesting in part because it gives a system of meantone tuning, being close to 1/3 comma meantone. See 19 equal temperament.

Some organs use the 19th harmonic to approximate a minor third.

Literature

Stephen King's seven book epic The Dark Tower saga employs the number 19 in books The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger, The Dark Tower V: Wolves of the Calla, The Dark Tower VI: Song of Susannah, and The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower as a mysterious and important number. They refer to the "ka-tet of 19", many names add up to 19, 19 seems to permeate every aspect of Roland and his traveler's lives. In addition, the number ends up being a powerful key.

In Jodi Picoult's bestseller book Nineteen Minutes, the number 19 is referenced multiple times. It is most commonly referenced when referring to the main subject of the book, the school shooting rampage that took place over a span of 19 minutes.

Games

Go]] board

The game of Go is played on a grid of 19 19 lines (though variants can be played on grids of other sizes).

19 is the command in Age of Empires for the laughing emote. This was an easier way to laugh before "LOL" existed.

Though the maximum score for a cribbage hand is 29, there is no combination of cards that adds up to 19 points. Many cribbage players, therefore, jokingly refer to a zero-point hand as "19 points."

In Ecuadorian card game "40", when counting the amount of cards gathered in a hand, the limit is 19, after which the count starts at 6 and represents the points achieved during that hand.

Age 19

The final year a person is a teenager.
This is the minimum age that is legal to buy tobacco products in the states Alabama, Alaska, New Jersey, Utah and several counties in New York including Nassau, Suffolk, and Onondaga.^[3]
This is the minimum age at which one can drink and buy alcohol in Canada except for the provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and Quebec where the drinking and purchase age of alcohol is 18.
This is the minimum age to marry in the state of Nebraska.

Cars

Renault 19, a car that was produced by French automobile manufacturer Renault.

Other fields

The Nineteen Propositions was a 1642 petition from parliament to King Charles I of England.
The nineteenth President of the United States was Rutherford B. Hayes.
The nineteenth state to enter the Union of the United States was Indiana
Part of the name of a breakfast cereal: Product 19
The Soviet submarine K-19 was the first Soviet nuclear ballistic submarine
I-19 is the designation for a US Interstate highway in Arizona
19 years is very close to 235 lunations. See Metonic cycle
In golf the "19th hole" is the clubhouse bar. In miniature golf it is an extra hole on which the winner earns an instant prize
A number retired by several teams in North American sports. (Except as noted, all players are in the Hall of Fame of their respective sport.)
- In the NFL:
  - Lance Alworth, by the San Diego Chargers.
  - Joe Montana, by the Kansas City Chiefs.
  - Johnny Unitas, by the Baltimore Colts. The team has honored this retirement in its current home of Indianapolis.
- In Major League Baseball:
  - Bob Feller, by the Cleveland Indians.
  - Tony Gwynn, by the San Diego Padres.
  - Robin Yount, by the Milwaukee Brewers.
- In the NBA:
  - Willis Reed, by the New York Knicks.
- In the NHL:
  - Bill Masterton, by the Minnesota North Stars. The team has honored this retirement in its current home of Dallas. Masterton is not in the Hockey Hall of Fame; his number was retired after he died from an on-ice injury in 1968. He is the only NHL player to have died as a direct result of an injury suffered during an NHL game.
  - Larry Robinson, by the Montreal Canadiens.
  - Joe Sakic, by the Colorado Avalanche. Sakic is not yet eligible for the Hall of Fame, as he retired in 2009.
  - Bryan Trottier, by the New York Islanders.
  - Steve Yzerman, by the Detroit Red Wings. Some Red Wings fans collectively refer to themselves as "the 19" in his honor.http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=523262
  - Markus Naslund, by the Vancouver Canucks.
In the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, 19 is the number of a car owned by Richard Petty Motorsports, a Ford Fusion with Best Buy as its primary sponsor, and driven by Elliott Sadler.
The number of the French department Corr ze