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<imagemap>File:1st millennium montage.png|From left, clockwise: Depiction of Jesus, the central figure in Christianity; The Colosseum, a landmark of the once mighty Roman Empire; Gunpowder is invented during the latter part of the millennium, in China; Chess, a new board game, takes on popularity across the globe; The Roman Empire falls, and then reappears ushering in the Early Middle Ages; The skeletal remains of a young woman, known as the "ring lady", killed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79; Attila the Hun, leader of the Hunnic Empire, which takes most of western Europe. (Background: Reproduction of ancient mural from Teotihuacan located in the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City.)|565px|thumb rect 9 6 182 173 Jesus Christ rect 192 5 411 169 Roman Empire rect 420 16 560 101 Gunpowder rect 416 112 561 212 Chess rect 13 189 171 356 Attila the Hun rect 184 177 308 346 mount Vesuvius rect 313 222 559 352 Early Middle Ages rect 1 1 566 394 Aztec Empire </imagemap> The first millennium is a period of time that commenced on January 1, AD 1, and ended on December 31, AD 1000, of the Julian calendar. World population, which had tripled over the preceding millennium, grew more slowly during the first millennium and may have diminished. One optimistic estimate is that the world's population rose from approximately 170 to 300 million, but other estimates vary; one estimate suggests that the world population actually declined from 400 million people to 250 million people. In Europe and the Mediterranean, the first millennium was a time of great transition. The 2nd century saw the peak of the Roman Empire, followed by its gradual decline during the period of Late Antiquity, the rise of Christianity and the Great Migrations. The second half of the millennium is characterized as the Early Middle Ages in Europe, and marked by the Viking expansion in the west, the rise of the Byzantine Empire in the east, and by the Islamic conquests throughout the Near East, North Africa and the Iberian peninsula, culminating in the Islamic Golden Age (700 1200 AD). In Eastern Asia, the first millennium was also a time of great cultural advances, notably the spread of Buddhism to East Asia. In China, the Han Dynasty is replaced by the Jin Dynasty and later the Tang Dynasty until the 10th century sees renewed fragmentation in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. In Japan, a sharp increase in population followed when farmers' use of iron tools increased their productivity and crop yields. The Yamato court was established. The Indian subcontinent was divided among numerous kingdoms throughout the first millennium. In Mesoamerica, the first millennium was a period of enormous growth known as the Classic Era (200 900 AD). Teotihuacan grew into a metropolis and its empire dominated Mesoamerica. In South America, pre-Incan, coastal cultures flourished, producing impressive metalwork and some of the finest pottery seen in the ancient world. In North America, the Mississippian culture rose at the end of the millennium in the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys. Numerous cities were built; Cahokia, the largest, was based in present-day Illinois, and may have had 30,000 residents at its peak about 1250 AD. The circumference of the 10-story high Monks Mound at Cahokia was larger than that of the Pyramid of the Sun at Teotihuacan or the Great Pyramid in Egypt.
Civilizations, kingdoms and dynasties The civilizations, kingdoms and dynasties in this section are organized according to the United Nations geoscheme Kingdoms and civilizations of the 1st millennium AD | Africa | America | Asia | Europe | Oceania | | | | | | | Events The events in this section are organized according to the United Nations geoscheme Events and trends of the 1st millennium AD | | Africa | America | Asia | Europe | Oceania | | 1st century | 70 Kandake Amanikhatashan sends Kushite cavalry to aid Roman Emperor in Jerusalem revolt[1]
100 rise of the Aksum
100 Khoekhoe reach southern coast of Africa[2] | 1 Cahuachi established[3]
50 Pyramid of the Sun began[3] | 33 Christianity begins
70 Jewish diaspora | 9 Rhine established as boundary between Rome and Germany[4]
47 London founded
58 Alpes Cottiae becomes a Roman province[4]
79 Pompeii destroyed | 1 Caroline Islands colonized[5] | | 2nd Century | 150 Rhapta, hint of pre-Swahili, Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
200 Bantu reach east Africa[6]
200 Nok culture ends | 150 Cahuachi becomes dominant ceremonial site in southern Peru[3] | 184 Yellow Turban Rebellion | 106 Dacia becomes a Roman province[4]
166 Siege of Aquileia[4]
180 End of the Macromannic Wars[4] | | | 3rd Century | 212 Egyptians granted Roman citizenship[6]
230 Aksum wars with Himyar and Saba alliance
300 Aksum prints own coins | 250 Rise of Laguna de los Cerros
292 Stela 29 inscribed[3]
300 Tik l conquers El Mirador[3] | | 212 Roman citizenship extended to all free people in the empire[4]
214 Hispania divided into Gallaecia, Tarraconensis, Baetica and Lusitania[4]
286 Diocletian divides the empire East and West[4] | 300 Eastern Polynesian culture develops[7] | | 4th Century | 333 Aksum converts to Christianity
350 Meroe comes to an end[6]
350 King of Anwar, Kaja Maja | | 393 Last Olympic Games | 313 Edict of Milan[4]
370 Huns invade Eastern Europe[4]
396 Alaric and the Visigoths invade Greece[4] | | | 5th Century | 429 Vandal invasion[6]
401 c. camel main transport for trans-Sahara
500 Nubia split into Nobadia, Makuria, Alodia | | | 407 Vandals enter Iberia[8]
421 Romans defeat Persians[8]
476 Fall of Roman Empire[8] | 500 Settlement of Hawaii, Easter Island, Society Islands, Tuamotus and Mangareva[7] | | 6th Century | 520 Kaleb attacks Yemen
533 Belisarius invades Africa[6] 540 Nubia converts to monophysite Christianity | 600 Wari' conquer Peru[9]
600 Construction of Palenque[3] | 538 Buddhism introduced in Japan | 507 Battle of Vouill [8]
535 Byzantine army invades Italy[8]
585 Visigoths conquer Suevi kingdom[8] | | | 7th Century | 641 Muslims invade Africa[10]
690 Za Dynasty founded
697 Carthage destroyed[10] | 650 Settlement of Xochitecatl and Cacaxtla[9]
700 Teotihuacan destroyed[9] | 632 Rise of Islam
651 Islamic conquest of Persia | c.680 Bulgarian Empire was founded; | 700 Settlement of the Cook Islands[7] | | 8th Century | 702 Aksum attacks Arabia[10]
706 Arabic in Egypt[10]
789 Independent Morocco[10] | 750 Sacred Cenote built at Chich n Itz [9]
780 Murals at Bonampak abandoned[9] | | 717 Siege of Constantinople
718 Islamic conquest of Spain | | | 9th Century | 801 c. Kanem Empire founded
801c. Aksum declines, capital moved to interior
900c. Igbo-Ukwu founded[11] | | 896 Hungarians invade Carpathia | 872 Norway unites | 900 Settlement of New Zealand[7] | | 10th Century | 905 Tulunids ejected[10]
909 Fatimid established[10]
969 Fustat captured[10] | 950 Great Serpent Mound constructed[9]
990 Toltecs conquer Chich n Itz | | 958 Denmark unites
985 Erik the Red founds colony in Greenland | 1000 Polynesians build stone temples[7] | Significant people The people in this section are organized according to the United Nations geoscheme Inventions, discoveries, introductions Centuries and decades References ar: : 1 bg:1- bs:1. milenij br:Ia milved ca:Mil lenni I cs:1. tis cilet da:1. rtusinde et:1. aastatuhat el:1 es:I milenio eu:1. milurtekoa fa: ( ) fr:Ier mill naire gd:1 m le-bliadhna ko: 1 id:Milenium ke-1 it:I millennio ka:I kk:1- sw:Milenia ya 1 la:Millennium 1 lb:1. Joerdausend lt:1 t kstantmetis jbo:0xyxyxymoi hu:1. vezred mr: . . ms:Milenium ke-1 nl:1e millennium ja:1 oc:Millenni I pl:I tysi clecie n.e. pt:Primeiro mil nio d.C. ro:Mileniul I ru:I sah:1 -c nso:Ngwagakete 1 scn:Primu millenniu simple:1st millennium sk:1. tis cro ie sl:1. tiso letje sh:1. milenijum fi:Ensimm inen vuosituhat sv:0000-talet (millennium) ta:1 tk:1-nji m yllyk uk:1 ur:0000 vi:Thi n ni n k 1 war:Ika-1 nga yukottuig yo: r nd n 1k bat-smg:1 t kstontmetis zh: 1
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