In enzymology, a 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

2-oxoglutarate \rightleftharpoons succinate semialdehyde + CO₂

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, 2-oxoglutarate, and two products, succinate semialdehyde and CO₂.

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the carboxy-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-oxoglutarate carboxy-lyase (succinate-semialdehyde-forming). Other names in common use include oxoglutarate decarboxylase, alpha-ketoglutarate decarboxylase, alpha-ketoglutaric decarboxylase, oxoglutarate decarboxylase, pre-2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase, and 2-oxoglutarate carboxy-lyase. It employs one cofactor, thiamin diphosphate.

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