This decade witnessed the continuing decline of the Achaemenid Empire, fierce warfare amongst the Greek city-states during the Peloponnesian War, the ongoing Warring States Period in Zhou dynasty China, and the closing years of the Olmec civilization (lasting from c. 1200–400 BC) in modern-day Mexico.

Significant people

• Euripides of Athens, playwright
• Socrates of Athens, philosopher
• Sophocles of Athens, playwright
• Thucydides of Athens, historian and author of the History of the Peloponnesian War
• Hannibal Mago, King of Carthage, r. 440–406 BC
• Weilieh, Zhou dynasty king of China, r. 425–402 BC
• Tharrhypas, King of Epirus, r. 430–390 BC
• Perdiccas II, King of Macedon, r. 454–413 BC
• Archelaus I, King of Macedon, r. 413–399 BC
• Mahapadma Nanda, King (and founder) of the Nanda Dynasty in Magadha (in Ancient India), r. c. 420–362 BC
• Kosho, legendary Emperor of Japan, r. 475–393 BC
• Herinutarekamen, king of Kush r. 431–405 BC
• Darius II, King of the Achaemenid Persian Empire r. 423–404 BC
• Amyrtaeus of Egypt, Anti-Achaemenid rebel and Pharaoh of Egypt
• Joiada of Judah, High-Priest of Israel, held position 433–410 BC
• Johanan of Judah, High-priest of Israel, held position 410–371 BC
• Malachi of Judah, prophet (according to Bible)
• Tissaphernes of Persia, Satrap of Lydia and Caria
• Abdemon, King of Salamis, r. 420–410 BC
• Evagoras, King of Salamis, r. 410–374 BC
• Pleistoanax (Agaid king r. 458–401 BC) and Agis II (Eurypontid king r. 427–400 BC), co-kings of Sparta.
• Seuthes I, King of Thrace, r. 424–410 BC
• Amadocus I, King of Thrace, r. 410–390 BC

Contemporaries of future importance

• Artaxerxes of Persia, Achaemenid prince and future King of Persia
• Cyrus the Younger of Persia, Achaemenid prince and satrap
• Plato of Athens, student of Socrates and future philosopher
• Xenophon of Athens, soldier and future writer of Anabasis

Births

• 418 BC
  • Epaminondas of Thebes, Theban general and statesman (d. 362 BC)
  • Iphicrates, Athenian general (approximate date) (d. c. 353 BC)
• 417 BC – Theatetus of Athens, Mathematician
• 412 BC – Diogenes of Sinope, philosopher
• 411 BC – Timoleon, Greek statesman and general (approximate date) (d. 337 BC)

Deaths

• 418 BC – Laches, Athenian aristocrat and general (b. c. 475 BC)
• 415 BC – Prodicus of Ceos, Philosopher
• 414 BC
  • Lamachus, Athenian general
  • Eurymedon of Athens, general
• 413 BC
  • Demosthenes, Athenian general
  • Nicias, Athenian soldier and statesman (b. 470 BC)
  • Perdiccas II, Macedonian king
  • Nehemiah, prominent Jewish leader and governor of Judea (then part of the Achaemenid empire)
• 411 BC
  • Antiphon, Athenian politician and orator (b. 480 BC)
  • Phrynicus, Athenian general (assassinated)
  • Eupolis of Athens, poet
  • Hyperbolus of Athens, orator and statesman
• 410 BC
  • Hippocrates of Chios, mathematician and astronomer
  • Mindarus of Sparta, admiral
  • Seuthes I, king of Thrace

References

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