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Events and trends - 546 BC Croesus, Lydian king, is defeated by Cyrus of Persia near the River Halys.
- 546 BC Cyrus of Persia completes his conquest of Lydia, and makes Pasargadae his capital.
- 546 BC Cyrus establishes a garrison in Sardis and incorporates the Greek cities of Ionia in Asia Minor into Persian Empire. Thus he gains the important ports that look out to the Mediterranean world.
- 546 BC Pisistratus, supported by Thebes and Argos, finally takes power in Athens from the aristocratic party and imposes a moderate tyranny, respect, and even imposing against the oligarchy, the laws of Solon and leaving intact the magistracy (he "merely" to save his family). The same year Pisistratus cut taxes, grants of land and resources to the poor and caters for sick and old. It unifies the Attica, extending the influence of Athens, resuming Sigeion, who commanded the entrance of the Hellespont (Dardanelles), and acquires Taurica (Crimea).
- 546 BC The architect Eupalinos of Megara built aqueducts that supply water to Athens.
- 546 BC The peace conference between the kingdoms in China. A treaty between Jin, Chu and some other kingdoms was signed.
- 546 BC A coup d' tat in Qi kingdom.
- 544 BC People of Teos migrate to Abdera, Thrace to escape the yoke of Persia.
- 544 BC King Jing becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
- 543 BC North Indian Prince Vijaya invades Ceylon and establishes a Sri Lankan dynasty.
- 543 BC Pisistratus, tyrant of Athens, purifies the island of Delos (approximate date).
- 543 BC Guided by the Chinese statesman Zi Chan, the State of Zheng institutes a formal code of law.
- 540 BC Cyrus attacks Babylonia.
- 540 BC Greek city of Elea of southern Italy founded (approximate date).
- 540 BC Persians conquer Lycian city of Xanthos now in southern Turkey (approximate date).
- c. 540 BC Amasis Painter makes Dionysos with maenads, black-figure decoration on an amphora. It is now at Bibliotheque Nationale de France, Paris.
- c. 540 BC Exekias makes The Suicide of Ajax, black-figure decoration on a amphora. It is now at Chateau-Musee, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
Significant people ast:A os 540 edC bs:540te p.n.e. ca:D cada del 540 aC da:540'erne f.Kr. et:540. aastad eKr es:A os 540 a. C. eu:K. a. 540ko hamarkada fa: ( ) fr:Ann es -540 gd:540an RC hr:540-ih pr. Kr. is:550-541 f.Kr. it:Anni 540 a.C. sw:Miaka ya 540 KK la:Decennium 55 a.C.n. hu:I. e. 540-es vek mk:540- . . . ms:540-an SM uz:Mil. av. 540-lar ru:540- . . simple:540s BC sk:40. roky 6. storo ia pred Kr. sl:540. pr. n. t. sh:540-e pne. su:540-an SM fi:540-luku eaa. sv:540-talet f.Kr. uk:540- . . vi:Th p ni n 540 TCN war:540 nga dekada UC zh: 540
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