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The 5th District Appellate Court, built around 1857, is located in Mount Vernon, Illinois, an incorporated town in Jefferson County. The building was originally constructed for the southern division of the Illinois Supreme Court. Illinois' 1870 constitution established appellate courts, and this building then shared space with the fourth district until 1897 when all supreme court sessions moved to Springfield. The building presently houses the 5th District Appellate Court.

This building has been on the National Register of Historic Places since the summer of 1973. It is one of two Registered Historic Places in Jefferson County, the other, in the village of Belle Rive, is the C. H. Judd House.

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