Year 69 (LXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Rufinus (or, less frequently, year 822 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 69 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

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By place

Roman Empire

• The Year of the Four Emperors: After Nero's death, Galba, Otho, Vitellius and Vespasian succeed each other as emperor during the year.
• January 1 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuses to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebelled and proclaims Vitellius as emperor.
• January 10 – Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus is adopted by Galba and appointed to deputy Roman Emperor.
• January 15 – Galba and his adopted son Piso are murdered by the Praetorian Guard on the Roman Forum.
• Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaims himself emperor, and reigns for three months before committing suicide.
• Marcus Trebellius Maximus, governor of Britannia, is forced the flee to Gaul after a mutiny of Legio XX Valeria Victrix at Deva Victrix (Chester).
• April 14 – First Battle of Bedriacum: Vitellius defeats Otho's legions; Otho commits suicide.
• April 17 – After the Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes emperor.
• Marcus Vettius Bolanus becomes the new governor of Britain and faced a second insurrection of Venutius, king of the Brigantes.
• July 1 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as emperor.
• August 1 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under the leadership of Gaius Julius Civilis.
• German warbands cross over to join the revolt and attack the fortress at Mainz.
• The Batavians attack Roman forts on the Rhine frontier; Fectio and Traiectum (modern Utrecht) are destroyed.
• In Gallia Belgica cohors II Tungrorum, raised from the inhabitants of Atuatuca Tungrorum in the north-west of the Ardennes Forest revolt against the Romans.
• The Danubian legions of Raetia and Moesia proclaims Vespasian as emperor.
• October 24 – Second Battle of Bedriacum: Flavians under Antonius Primus defeat the Vitellians.
• December 22 – Vitellius is captured and murdered by the Gemonian stairs. Vespasian becomes emperor.
• Judea: The Jewish Revolt  Vespasian lays siege to Jerusalem, the city is captured the following year by his son Titus.
• Josephus, Jewish rebel leader, is dragged before Vespasian and becomes his historian. He "prophesied" him his elevation to the purple.
• Legio I Macriana liberatrix is disbanded.
• The Flavian dynasty starts.

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Births

• St. Polycarp of Smyrna

Deaths

• January – Locusta
• January 15 – Galba, Roman emperor (b. 3 BC)
• April 16 – Otho, Roman emperor (b. 32)
• June 29 – Saint Peter, Apostle and First Bishop of Rome
• December 22 – Vitellius, Roman emperor (b. 15)
• Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus, deputy Roman emperor (b. 38)

References

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