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Abberton Reservoir is an artificial body of water located close to the coast of Essex in the east of England. It is south-west of Colchester near the village of Layer de la Haye. Its geographical coordinates are (). The reservoir is the fourth largest reservoir in England with an area of . It is a large, shallow, freshwater storage reservoir and is the largest freshwater body in Essex. The reservoir contains around . It is a pumped storage reservoir. This means water is pumped from the rivers Chelmer, Blackwater and Stour to fill it, rather than simply relying on rainfall in the limited catchment area. The reservoir was formed by damming a shallow river valley. There a plans to increase the capacity of Abberton reservoir to by raising its bank height.[1] On its margins are found well-established plant communities that provide important opportunities for feeding, nesting and shelter. Abberton Reservoir is important as an autumn arrival area for waterbirds that then spend the winter elsewhere. It was designated a Special Protection Area on 5 December 1991[2] as a result of its over-wintering populations of Golden Plover, Gadwall, Shoveler and Teal and for its breeding population of cormorants. In addition there are significant numbers of Black-tailed Godwit, Lapwing, Coot, Goldeneye, Tufted Duck, Pochard, Pintail, Wigeon and Great Crested Grebe.[3] The Reservoir was used by the RAF's 617 Squadron ("The Dam Busters") for practice runs prior to the bombing of the German Dams in the Ruhr during World War II. Wing Commander Guy Gibson, the leader of the raid, referred to it as "Colchester Lake" in his auto-biography Enemy Coast Ahead. The reservoir was similar in shape to that of the Eder Dam in Germany which was attacked after the M hne Dam had been breached. The Layer Causeway, from which the photograph was taken, was used as a substitute for the Eder Dam. The military police closed the causeway whilst the practice runs took place. Lancaster bombers were used and were fitted with special bouncing bombs designed by Barnes Wallis. The last practice flight to Abberton was a full dress rehearsal of the attack and took place on the night of May 14, 1943; the actual attack on the dams in Germany took place on the night of May 16, 1943.
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